Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Pasture Production Of Annual, Hybrid And Perennial Ryegrasses In Cool And Warm Temperature Climates, D E. Hume, M J. Hickey

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Pasture production and persistence of 8 ryegrass species-cultivars were evaluated under 2 grazing frequencies (infrequent and frequent) in a cool temperate climate (Southland) and a warm temperate climate (Manawatu) in New Zealand. All pastures were sown with white clover (Trifolirim repe11s) and rotationally grazed with sheep for 3 years. The 8 ryegrass lines were divided botanically into cultivars of annual ryegrass (Lo/ium muftljlorum), hybrid ryegrass (L. boucl1eanu111) (most of the parentage derived from L. multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (L. pere,me). Infrequent grazing resulted in higher yields and particularly higher ryegrass yields, but lower ryegrass tiller numbers at the cool site. …

Climate, Land Use And Plant Life Form Distribution In A Semi-Arid Savanna, Christina Skarpe

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Number of plant species, total vegetation cover and the abundance of different life forms are compared over a rainfall gradient between savanna woodland and semi-desert. The effects of different land use intensities are superimposed on the differences in rainfall regimes. The outcome is discussed in the light of present global change scenarios,

Vegetation Response To Climate: A 35 Year Study At Bibury, Gloucestershire, A J. Willis, R Hunt, J P. Grime, S R. Band, N Dunnett

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Important information on the climate-responsiveness of plant species has been gleaned from an unlikely source. The annually recorded control {unsprayed) plots from a 35-year field e, experiment assessing the effects of spraying herbicide and a plant growth regulator onto the vegetation of roadside verges near Bibury, Gloucestershire, have provided an opportunity to examine the detailed effects of year-to year variations in climate on the yields of different ·species and functional types within the vegetation. The results confirm the usefulness of plant functional types and genome size as predictors of plant community response to climatic change.

The Integrated Screening Programme: Patterns Of Ecological Specialization In British Species, K Thompson, J P. Grime, R Colasanti

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The Integrated Screening Programme (ISP), a major part of the UCPB research programme during the period 1987-1994, applies standardised procedures for the ecological, physiological and biochemical characterisation of plant species, populations or cultivars. The objectives are: (1) to establish the range of variation in selected plant attributes; (2) to recognise recurring patterns of ecological and evolutionary specialisation; (3) to devise a functional classification of plants relevant to the analysis of communities and ecosystems and the management of vegetation .. To date, the programme has been confined largely to the herbaceous species from central northern Britain. Later, and in particular as …

Interaction Of Climate Management As Controls On Species Composition, S H. Hillier, F Sutton, J P. Grime, R Colasanti

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A new technique for the manipulation of temperature near the soil surface without the aid of cloches or screens has been developed at UCPE. This system is being used to manipulate the length of the growing season in an experiment in which the critical interaction between growth and the timing of two important meadow management activities - cutting and grazing - is being investigated. The technique has also been used to expose synthesised meadow communities to an artificially induced mild winter. Temperature manipulations of this kind offer a new approach to understanding the role which climate plays as a mechanism …

Simulating The Impact Of Global Warming On Regional Pasture Production Environment, P J. Vickery, M J. Hill, E P. Furnival

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Global warming scenarios predict increases in temperatures, evaporation and summer rainfall in the northern two-thirds of Australia. Pasture production models can be combined with spatial climate data in a geographic information system to predict net primary production from pastures. We used a pasture-sheep production model for a phalaris-white clover pasture together with interpolated climatic data to predict the outcome of increases in temperature, evaporation and summer rainfall for net primary production (NPP) from pastures in northern NSW. NPP was predicted to rise in winter due to elevated temperatures, to decline slightly In spring due to increased evaporation, and to change …

Changing The Climate Of A Limestone Dale, S M. Buckland, J P. Grime, J R. Tippets, A Jackson, K Thompson, J G. Hodgson, P C. Thorpe, C W. Macgillivray

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology based at Sheffield University is manipulating the weather artificially at a field site near Buxton, Derbyshire. This experiment is enabling us to study the way in which certain plants, both in the existing vegetation and among potential invaders, may behave in the future. As well as future climate scenarios, a range of land-use conditions are recreated in the experiment. Seeds of species with different geographical distributions have been sown in and their fate is being closely followed. The experiment began in 1990 and will run until at least 1997, by which time it should …

Climate Change And Grasslands: A Life-Zone And Biota Perspective, Steven Archer

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grasslands experiencing climatic and atmospheric change may be altered with respect to: (1) geographic extent and location of local/ regional boundaries; (2) productivity, organic matter dynamics and nutrient cycling; and (3) the relative abundance of constituent life forms (woody v. herbaceous), growth forms (tall vs. shorl-statured grasses), and/or photosynthetic physiologies (C3 v. C4). Classification models based on vegetation-climate correlations predict an increase in the global acreage of grassland and savanna at the expense of boceal forest and dry tropical forest. However, extrapolation of these relationships to climates with atmospheric CO2 concentrations without present-day analogues is suspect. Dynamic models of plant …

Investigating Arctic Ocean Freshwater Content And Circulation In A Changing Climate, Emma Louise Hoffman

Theses and Dissertations

The Arctic Ocean is unique among the world’s oceans, characterized by its cold temperatures, salinity-driven vertical structure, and shallow shelf seas. It has warmed intensely since the 1980s at rates exceeding the global average. This Arctic Amplification drives variability in sea ice and salinity, affecting local circulation and exchange with other basins, leading to global changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation and the biosphere. This thesis explores changing dynamics in the Arctic Ocean, in particular connecting modeled changes in liquid freshwater content (FWC) and its pathways with major ocean circulation patterns, atmospheric drivers, and large-scale climatic changes.

This research combines …

A Search For Persistent Perennial Legumes For Temperate Australia, M J. Hill, C Mulcahy, G Rapp

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Problems with persistence of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in extensive pastures of the high rainfall zone in eastern Australia necessitate the use of a wider range of perennial legumes. A range of species have been evaluated in nurseries and in regional on-farm trials on the northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Caucasian clover and I.oms spp. have proven most successful so far. Caucasian clover has been more productive than white clover at 2 sites in spring 1991 and autumn 1992, Hexaploid Caucasian clover has been subjected to the first of 3 cycles of recurrent selection for seedling vigour. …

Effect Of Manipulative Management Options On A Degraded Pasture Within The Astrebla Spp. Grazing Lands Of Western Queensland, J J. Bushell, J A. Reynolds, D C. Cowan, D G. Phelps, J A. Milson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A reduction in Aslrebla spp., and an increase in less palatable and less desirable forbs (Malvastmm americanum Psoralea cinerea), was identified as a problem in some paddocks of the Astrebla grazing lands of central western Queensland's clay soils. To determine possible rehabilitation for these pastures and assist the recovery of Astrebla spp,, a 2-year experiment was conducted near Muttaburra, Queensland (460 mm average annual rainfall), Six main treatments (nil, tine ripping, herbicide, slashing, fire, and a pioneering grass) were combined in a 6x2x2 split piot structure with grazed/not grazed and with additional Astrebla lappacea seed sown/not sown. Interim …

Analysis Of Drought-Flood Abrupt Alternation Events And Their Impacts In Kenya, Betty Makena

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Drought-Flood Abrupt Alternation (DFAA) is a compound disaster event that refers to the abrupt shift of extreme drought events to extreme floods resulting in exacerbated impacts on already vulnerable communities and hindering their coping abilities. This study aimed to analyze drought-flood abrupt alternation events and their impacts in Kenya. The first chapter aimed to understand historical drought events in the Greater Horn of Africa and their impacts, while drawing comparisons with the recent 2020-2022 drought period, referred to as the ‘triple dip La Niña’. Datasets used in this study include the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), Normalized …

Deep Space Observations Of Conditionally Averaged Global Reflectance Patterns, Alexander Kostinski, Alexander Marshak, Tamás Várnai

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

The Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft drifts about the Lagrangian point ≈ 1.4 − 1.6 × 106 km from Earth, where its Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) observes the entire sunlit face of Earth every 1–2 h. In an attempt to detect “signals,” i.e., longer-term changes and semi-permanent features such as the ever-present ocean glitter, while suppressing geographic “noise,” in this study, we introduce temporally and conditionally averaged reflectance images, performed on a fixed grid of pixels and uniquely suited to the DSCOVR/EPIC observational circumstances. The resulting images (maps), averaged in time over months and conditioned on surface/cover type …

Removing Methane Via Atmospheric Oxidation Enhancement: The Legal Framework, Romany M. Webb, Martin Lockman, Korey Silverman-Roati

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

To achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting the increase in global average temperatures to “well below 2 degrees Celsius,” and ideally 1.5 degrees Celsius, above pre-industrial levels, global greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions must reach net zero in the second half of the century. The global community is not currently on track to achieve net zero emissions. In fact, with the exception of a slight dip during the Covid-19 pandemic, emissions have risen steadily in recent years. This, together with the increasingly visible impacts of climate change, has prompted growing interest in the possibility of removing GHGs directly from the …

Will It Rain? Managing El Nino Risks With The Australian Rainman Computer Package, N M. Clarkson, J F. Clewett, D T. Owens, D G. Abrecht

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The AUSTRALIAN RAINMAN computer package helps the management of climatic risks associated with the ENSO (El Niño/ Southern Oscillation) phenomenon in the southern Pacific region. The package uses historical rainfall and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) records to provide a suite of analyses including user-defined seasonal forecasts. Examples are given of ENSO effects on precipitation in Australia and some other countries including Canada. The SOI has a multiplier effect on rain-dependent processes such as plant growth and stream flow, and its use provides valuable support for many agricultural and pastoral decisions. AUSTRALIAN RAINMAN is commercially available in Australia.

Supplementary Files For: "Interactive Modeling Of Bear Lake Elevations In A Future Climate", Benjamin D. Shaw, Scout Jarman, Brennan Bean, Kevin R. Moon, Wei Zhang, Nathan Butler, Tommy Bolton, April Knight, Emeline Haroldsen, Abby Funk, Rebecca Higbee

Browse all Datasets

The water level, or elevation, of Bear Lake has a significant impact on agriculture, power, infrastructure, and recreation for communities around the lake. Climatological variables, such as precipitation, temperature, and snowfall, all have an impact on the elevation of Bear Lake. As the climate changes due to greenhouse gas emissions, the typical behaviors of these climate variables change, leading to new behaviors in Bear Lake elevation. Because of the importance of Bear Lake, it is vital to be able to model and understand how Bear Lake's elevation may change in the face of different climate scenarios and to gain further …

Resource Scarcity Caused By Environmental Changes: Driving Factor In Terrorism Attacks In Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Amaris Bustamante

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Climate change, resource scarcity, and terrorist attacks are ever-growing crises that disproportionately impact different states. They are crises that can impact the stability and resilience of humanity in the following decades if they are not addressed and mitigated. This study addresses the impact of resource scarcity caused by climate change that can then serve as a driving force in terrorist attacks in climate-sensitive and conflict-prone states. The objective of this mixed-methods study is to identify the correlation between climate changes that lead to resource scarcity such as rainfall and surface temperatures with terrorist attacks when taking into consideration other demographic, …

2024 May - Tennessee Monthly Climate Report, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Monthly Report

No abstract provided.

Lake Mead: A Living Museum, Marley Salveter

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Lake Mead, the largest man-made water project in the nation and a prolific source of electricity, irrigation, and recreation for much of the western population, is currently experiencing a drastic transformation. Amid the ongoing water crisis parching the west, the once overflowing reservoir is consistently shrinking, descending into depths historically uncharted.While serving as a bleak demonstration of climate change’s effects, the body of water is simultaneously assuming an alternative role that may be less apparent to the public. As water levels decline, Lake Mead is actively metamorphosing into a “Living Museum”, by gradually unveiling previously submerged artifacts. As a result, …

The State Of The Carbon Capture And Sequestration Industry In California In 2024: Challenges And Policy Solutions, Noah Jackson

School of Public Policy Capstones

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is the process of capturing CO₂ from an above ground carbon source, transporting it to a sequestration well, and permanently sinking it deep underground. Despite the state of California depending on CCS to reach carbon neutrality, not one CCS project is operational yet in the state. Due to the recent creation and expansion of state low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) credits and the federal 45Q credits, CCS projects are beginning to be developed. Between 2021 and 2023 twelve Class VI applications were submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in California.

This paper …

2024 April - Tennessee Monthly Climate Report, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Monthly Report

No abstract provided.

Género Y Resiliencia En La Amazonía Peruana: Las Experiencias Y Respuestas De Agricultoras Indígenas Ante El Cambio Climático, Zoe Klausner

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

El cambio climático antropogénico está redefiniendo rápidamente las relaciones humano-ambientales, especialmente en la Amazonía peruana, donde más de 66 comunidades indígenas enfrentan mayores sequías y temperaturas, afectando profundamente sus medios de vida. Crucialmente, desde la visión ecofeminista central a esta investigación se subraya que las mujeres indígenas experimentan los impactos del cambio climático más severamente y son a menudo los líderes en el fomento de la resiliencia ambiental. Esta investigación explora cómo las agricultoras indígenas de la Amazonía peruana viven el cambio climático y sus estrategias de adaptación y resiliencia. El trabajo de campo se realizó en la comunidad Ese'Eja …

2024 March - Tennessee Monthly Climate Report, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Monthly Report

No abstract provided.

Gis And Genetic Diversity- Case Studies In Stylosanthes, P G. Jones, M C. Sawkins, B L. Maass, P C. Kerridge

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

We present a new technique for mapping the potential occurrence of wild germplasm based in climate data and show its application to six important Stylosanthes species. The method can be used to develop hypotheses as to the distribution for purposes of collection and/or in situ conservation. It can also be used to investigate genetic diversity with a species. We present some first results based in isozyme data from S. guianensis.

Barriers/Drivers Of Diverse Perennial Systems: Policy Recommendations, M. L. Krome, A. S. Finan, J. Obudzinski, N. Serrano

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Despite growing documentation of perennial- and grass-based systems’ importance in addressing many ecological, infrastructural, farmer profitability, and climate concerns, these systems do not predominate on most United States farm and ranch lands. To better understand what impedes their wider adoption, we undertook four focus groups of diverse current and potential farmers using perennial systems. We were especially interested in how these farmers access, or don’t, insurance, credit, and federal programs, identifying patterns among farmers embracing more sustainable practices. Our virtual focus groups comprised 16 farmers in ten states, transecting climate zones and representing both rural and urban production systems and …

2024 February - Tennessee Monthly Climate Report, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Monthly Report

No abstract provided.

Water Whiplash In Mediterranean Regions Of The World, Citlalli Madrigal, Rama Bedri, Thomas Piechota, Wenzhao Li, Glenn Tootle, Hesham El-Askary

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The presence of weather and water whiplash in Mediterranean regions of the world is analyzed using historical streamflow records from 1926 to 2023, depending on the region. Streamflow from the United States (California), Italy, Australia, Chile, and South Africa is analyzed using publicly available databases. Water whiplash—or the rapid shift of wet and dry periods—are compared. Wet and dry periods are defined based on annual deviations from the historical record average, and whiplash occurs when there is an abrupt change that overcomes an accommodated deficit or surplus. Of all the stations, there are more dry years (56%) than wet years …

2023 San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative Annual Report, San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative

San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative

The San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative is a network for public agencies that serves the San Diego region to share expertise, leverage resources and advance comprehensive solutions to facilitate climate change planning. By partnering with academia, nonprofits, and businesses, the SDRCC also works to leverage the profile of regional leadership. This is the 2023 San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative Annual Report.

C. Compactum Acts As A Comprehensive Climate Archive And Ecological Foundation In The Labrador Sea, Sadie Heckman

CMC Senior Theses

Clathromorphum compactum, a species of crustose coralline algae (CCA), is incredibly valuable for the future of high latitude ocean health, both as a comprehensive archive of changing ocean conditions, and ecologically as a foundational species for promoting biodiversity. Previous work establishes C. compactum as an effective climate proxy, and its life history provides several advantages for this use. C. compactum grow in nongeniculate, generally radial formations on hard substrates, over a wide distribution in mid-to-high latitude oceans and at subtidal depth ranges. Indeterminate growth leads to extreme longevity in C. compactum (Halfar et al., 2008), and growth rates are relatively …

Rhetoric On Climate Change And The Effects On Public Perceptions, Hailey Mina Rose Dossey

Cal Poly Humboldt Capstone Honor Roll

One of the extraordinary challenges humans are facing today is climate change and over the past two decades, the majority of the world has moved from questioning its legitimacy to accepting it as fact. With most people having accepted climate change as a reality, the goal of climate communication has shifted from spreading awareness to motivating audiences to take action. Through this analytical discussion, we will look into effective and ineffective methods of rhetoric as it can help guide us to a better understanding of why certain rhetoric that has previously been successful in other fields may not be the …