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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Azomethine-Containing Moieties For Simple And Degradable Conjugated Polymers, Kimberley Bartlett Apr 2023

Azomethine-Containing Moieties For Simple And Degradable Conjugated Polymers, Kimberley Bartlett

Master of Science in Chemical Sciences Theses

Conjugated polymers have been studied for various applications such as electrochromics, organic photovoltaics, organic light-emitting diodes, thin film transistors, biosensors, and energy storage materials. They have received significant attention from many researchers because they are relatively inexpensive and possess a high degree of synthetic tailorability that enables tuning of optical, electrochemical, and physical properties. However, many state-of-the-art polymers require synthetic protocols that use multiple arduous synthetic steps, harmful chemical reagents, and produce toxic byproducts. Additionally, the synthesized polymers are not typically designed to be degradable and will accumulate during waste disposal without end-of-life management strategies. Therefore, there is a need …

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Silicon In Renewable Power Generation And Storage: Decarbonizing The Grid And Automobile Transport, Kurt W. Kolasinski Apr 2023

Silicon In Renewable Power Generation And Storage: Decarbonizing The Grid And Automobile Transport, Kurt W. Kolasinski

Sustainability Research & Practice Seminar Presentations

Professor Kurt Kolasinski, Chemistry - Silicon in renewable power generation and storage: Decarbonizing the grid and automobile transport.

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Epitaxial Single-Domain Cu-Btc Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films And Foils By Electrochemical Conversion Of Cuprous Oxide, Xiaoting Zhang, Bin Luo, Avishek Banik, John Z. Tubbesing, Jay A. Switzer Apr 2023

Epitaxial Single-Domain Cu-Btc Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films And Foils By Electrochemical Conversion Of Cuprous Oxide, Xiaoting Zhang, Bin Luo, Avishek Banik, John Z. Tubbesing, Jay A. Switzer

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Are an Important Class of Crystalline Porous Materials with Extensive Chemical and Structural Merits. However, the Fabrication of MOF Thin Films Oriented Along All Crystallographic Axes to Achieve Well-Aligned Nanopores and Nanochannels with Uniform Apertures Remains a Challenge. Here, We Achieved Highly Crystalline Single-Domain MOF Thin Films with the [111] Out-Of-Plane Orientation by Electrochemical Conversion of Cuprous Oxide. Copper(II)-Benzene-1,3,5-Tricarboxylate, Cu3(BTC)2 (Referred to as Cu-BTC), is a Well-Known Metal-Organic Open Framework Material with a Cubic Crystal System. Epitaxial Cu-BTC(111) Thin Films Were Manufactured by Electrochemical Oxidation of Cu2O(111) Films Electrodeposited on Single-Crystal Au(111). …

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Functional Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters On Single Stranded Dna Scaffolds, Ravyn Solis, Angel Torres, Brock Gascon Apr 2023

Functional Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters On Single Stranded Dna Scaffolds, Ravyn Solis, Angel Torres, Brock Gascon

Undergraduate Research Conference

The aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of silver nanocluster (Ag NC) against biofilm of Bacillus Thuringiensis ( and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ( A 60 base long DNA aptamer specific for BT tied to the 5 end of a 16 base cytosine rich DNA oligonucleotide is chosen as the template for growing the Ag NC Two DNA aptamers specific for PA and part of their sequences were chosen as templates for growing the Ag NC Circular dichroism ( studies determined the presence of secondary structures In addition, UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of …

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Determination Of The Cation Exchange Capacity In Smectite Clays, Allison Swaim Apr 2023

Determination Of The Cation Exchange Capacity In Smectite Clays, Allison Swaim

Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

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Computer Modelling Of The Interaction Between Cerme-8 J Domain And Cehsp70-1, Grace Thornhill, Cole Easley Apr 2023

Computer Modelling Of The Interaction Between Cerme-8 J Domain And Cehsp70-1, Grace Thornhill, Cole Easley

Undergraduate Research Conference

Abstract: Rme-81 is a J domain-containing plasma membrane protein that is required for endocytosis in various cells2. The J domain is a characteristic structural motif found mainly in heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40 or DnaJ) and other proteins such as Rme-83. Within the J domain is a tripeptide, the HPD motif, that is required by the J-domain protein to interact with and stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp70, a major cellular chaperone4. The Rme-8 protein in C. elegans, CeRme-8, has not been identified with a particular Hsp70 partner. CeHsp70-1 is the only cytosolic Hsp70 in C. elegans, therefore, we hypothesize …

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Detection Of Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, And Ketoprofen Via A Spe-Hplc-Pda Method In A Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant In East Texas, Usa, Gary Lopez, Anthony Broom Apr 2023

Detection Of Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, And Ketoprofen Via A Spe-Hplc-Pda Method In A Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant In East Texas, Usa, Gary Lopez, Anthony Broom

Undergraduate Research Conference

Pharmaceutical compounds are introduced into the environment and may pose adverse environmental and human health effects. The sources of pharmaceuticals include sewage, animal waste, and/or improper disposal from homes and hospitals. In this study, the spectroscopic, and chromatographic properties of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DF), and ketoprofen (KT) were analyzed by using UV-Vis, fluorescence and HPLC. Via UV-VIS spectroscopy, CBZ, DF, and KT exhibited absorption peaks at 285 nm, 284 nm and 255.6 nm, respectively. The determined fluorescence quantum yield (Ff) for CBZ, DF, and KT were Ff = 0.226, 0.287, and 0.327, respectively. Retention times was observed at 3.84 (CBZ), …

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Beer We Go! A Study Of Carbonated And Nitrogenated Beers, Sadie Atkins, Holly S. Gibson Apr 2023

Beer We Go! A Study Of Carbonated And Nitrogenated Beers, Sadie Atkins, Holly S. Gibson

Undergraduate Research Conference

A flavorful crisp beer is a popular, worldwide beverage. Beer can be either carbonated or nitrogenated, each giving a different sensory outcome. Carbonated beer, such as Budweiser, has a crispy and light texture, whereas nitrogenated beer, such as Guinness, has a creamy, smooth mouthfeel. A comparison study of these two different beer types was done using a Packaged Beverage Analyzer (PBA). The PBA is used to analyze the density, CO CO2, O 2, N 2, and alcohol content of various beverages, such as beer, sparkling water, and soda. The parameters assigned to the carbonated beer were container type and temperature …

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Corrosion Case Study On Automobile, Grace Ajayi, Xinran Pan, Geethu Sasikala, Marshall S. Yang Apr 2023

Corrosion Case Study On Automobile, Grace Ajayi, Xinran Pan, Geethu Sasikala, Marshall S. Yang

Chemistry Publications

No abstract provided.

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Carborane-Containing Hydroxamate Mmp Ligands For The Treatment Of Tumors Using Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (Bnct): Efficacy Without Tumor Cell Entry, Sebastian Flieger, Mao Takagaki, Natsuko Kondo, Marlon Lutz Jr., Yash Gupta, Hiroki Ueda, Yoshinori Sakurai, Graham Moran, Prakasha Kempaiah, Narayan Hosmane, Minoru Suzuki, Daniel P. Becker Ph.D. Apr 2023

Carborane-Containing Hydroxamate Mmp Ligands For The Treatment Of Tumors Using Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (Bnct): Efficacy Without Tumor Cell Entry, Sebastian Flieger, Mao Takagaki, Natsuko Kondo, Marlon Lutz Jr., Yash Gupta, Hiroki Ueda, Yoshinori Sakurai, Graham Moran, Prakasha Kempaiah, Narayan Hosmane, Minoru Suzuki, Daniel P. Becker Ph.D.

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

New carborane-bearing hydroxamate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ligands have been synthesized for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) with nanomolar potency against MMP-2, -9 and -13. New analogs are based on MMP inhibitor CGS-23023A, and two previously reported MMP ligands 1 (B1) and 2 (B2) were studied in vitro for BNCT activity. The boronated MMP ligands 1 and 2 showed high in vitro tumoricidal effects in an in vitro BNCT assay, exhibiting IC50 values for 1 and 2 of 2.04 × 10−2 mg/mL and 2.67 × 10−2 mg/mL, respectively. The relative killing effect of 1 to L-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is …

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Quantification Of Anion And Cation Uptake In Ice Ih Crystals, Tiara Sivells, Pranav Viswanathan, Jenée D. Cyran Apr 2023

Quantification Of Anion And Cation Uptake In Ice Ih Crystals, Tiara Sivells, Pranav Viswanathan, Jenée D. Cyran

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

While ice has very low solubility for salts compared to water, small amounts of ions are doped into ice crystals. These small ion dopants can alter the fundamental physical and chemical properties of ice, such as its structure and electrical conductivity. Therefore, these results could have a direct impact on the chemical reactivity of ice and ice surfaces. Here, we examine the influence of the uptake of three salts—ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium chloride (NaCl), and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]—on ice Ih formation using capillary electrophoresis. Using both cation and anion modes, we observed …

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Swelling Studies Of Poly(Ionic Liquids) In Different Solvents And Salt Solutions, Pierson Perdue, Ali Alshaikh, Creighton Baltier, Jason E. Bara, Sourav Chatterjee Apr 2023

Swelling Studies Of Poly(Ionic Liquids) In Different Solvents And Salt Solutions, Pierson Perdue, Ali Alshaikh, Creighton Baltier, Jason E. Bara, Sourav Chatterjee

Scholars Week

Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) represented a special class of polymers, which comprised of a polymeric backbone and ionic liquids (ILs) species in each monomeric repeating units. PILs has properties that combined the properties of ionic liquids (ILs) (i.e., high conductivity, better thermal and chemical stability, and tailor-made functionality) with the intrinsic properties of polymer (i.e., mechanical stability). This synergistic property makes PILs a good candidate for various applications such as stable-ion conductors, membranes for gas separations and sorbents. In the past, it was shown that PILs are capable of swelling when dissolved in different ILs but there are few literature reported …

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Nanosecond Infrared Laser Ablation Dynamics, Achala Priyadarshani Deenamulla Kankanamalage Apr 2023

Nanosecond Infrared Laser Ablation Dynamics, Achala Priyadarshani Deenamulla Kankanamalage

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Laser ablation dynamics encompasses studies of fundamental physical processes of mid infrared laser ablation. Understanding the mechanisms of IR laser desorption and ionization can lead to improvements in laser ablation-based techniques and expansion of their applications. Control of material removal ensures both accuracy and precision of the laser ablation-based techniques. The laser ablation mechanism in the studied wavelength region, is a process of water vaporization and photothermal disruption of tissue. Glycerol was used as the ablation target to establish the methods. Experiments were first aimed at developing methods to monitor material removal during ablation using a 2.94 µm wavelength mid-IR …

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Additivity Of Diene Substituent Gibbs Free Energy Contributions For Diels–Alder Reactions Between Me2c=Cme2 And Substituted Cyclopentadienes, Thomas M. Gilbert, Austin S. Flemming, Brendan C. Dutmer Apr 2023

Additivity Of Diene Substituent Gibbs Free Energy Contributions For Diels–Alder Reactions Between Me2c=Cme2 And Substituted Cyclopentadienes, Thomas M. Gilbert, Austin S. Flemming, Brendan C. Dutmer

Faculty Peer-Reviewed Publications

Systematic computational studies of pericyclic Diels–Alder reactions between (H3C)2C═C(CH3)2, 1, and all permutations of substituted cyclopentadienes c-C5R1R2R3R4R5aR5b (R = H, CH3, CF3, F) allowed isolation of substitutional effects on Gibbs free energy barrier heights and reaction Gibbs free energies. “Average Substitution Gibbs Free Energy Correction” ΔGASC#‡/ΔGASC# values for each substituent in each position appeared to be additive. Substituent effects on barriers showed interesting contrasts. Methyl substitution at positions 5a and 5b increased barriers significantly, while substitution at all other positions had essentially no impact. In contrast, fluoro substitution at positions 5a and 5b lowered barriers more than substitution at other …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Humic/Melanin-Like Compounds By Oxidative Polymerization Of Simple Aromatic Precursors, Nastaran Khademimoshgenani, Sarah A. Green Apr 2023

Synthesis And Characterization Of Humic/Melanin-Like Compounds By Oxidative Polymerization Of Simple Aromatic Precursors, Nastaran Khademimoshgenani, Sarah A. Green

Michigan Tech Publications

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of naturally occurring organic molecules originating from multiple marine and terrestrial sources. DOM plays a significant role in water quality by affecting the photochemistry, trace metal transport, and acidity in aquatic systems. Understanding the chemical composition of DOM helps interpret the links between its optical properties and molecular structures. Currently, the molecular origins of the optical properties of DOM are not well-defined. In this study, we oxidize and initiate the polymerization of melanin precursors 1,8-dihydroxy naphthalene and 5,6-dihydroxy indole by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and/or with ultraviolet irradiation. Our goal is …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Semi-Interpenetrating And Double Networks Of Sulfonimide- And Imidazolium-Containing Poly(Ionic Liquids), Jeremiah Coughlon, Seth Taylor, Jason Bara, Kevin Miller, Sourav Chatterjee Apr 2023

Synthesis And Characterization Of Semi-Interpenetrating And Double Networks Of Sulfonimide- And Imidazolium-Containing Poly(Ionic Liquids), Jeremiah Coughlon, Seth Taylor, Jason Bara, Kevin Miller, Sourav Chatterjee

Scholars Week

In recent years, there has been increased research interest in creating electrically conductive polymer membranes with materials that are widely available and environmentally safe. Herein, we report how polymeric membranes comprised of unique combinations of ionenes and poly(ionic liquids), including a recently developed sulfonimide- and imidazolium-containing methacryloxy-based monomer, were produced via UV photopolymerization. These membranes were specifically tailored to exhibit both ionic conductivity and an affinity for carbon dioxide, which are both crucial characteristics in such applications as electron transport in lithium-ion batteries and gas sorbency in separation techniques. Monomers, such as the aforementioned methacryloxy-based ionic liquid (IL) and C4VIm, …

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Synthesis And Properties Of Bio-Based 3d Printable Resins, Cameron Woods, Seth Taylor, Jeremiah Coughlon, Turner Perdue, Sourav Chatterjee, Jason E. Bara Apr 2023

Synthesis And Properties Of Bio-Based 3d Printable Resins, Cameron Woods, Seth Taylor, Jeremiah Coughlon, Turner Perdue, Sourav Chatterjee, Jason E. Bara

Scholars Week

A photopolymer resin is a monomer that, when introduced to light of a certain wavelength, starts to polymerize into a solid. This has become a growing part of the 3D printing industry. There have been many advancements in the field of 3D printing, however, a lot of these resins are not environmentally friendly and even harmful if not handled in the correct manner. Plant based resins are becoming more and more popular because of their biodegradability and for the possibility of using renewable resources. Glycerol is a plant-based compound that is produced in excess in industry. Glycerol obtained from bioethanol …

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Physiochemical Properties Of Urethane-Containing Ionic Liquids And Ionenes From A Non-Isocyanate Synthetic Approach, George Timmermann Apr 2023

Physiochemical Properties Of Urethane-Containing Ionic Liquids And Ionenes From A Non-Isocyanate Synthetic Approach, George Timmermann

Scholars Week

Ionic polymers that are designed to contain ionic liquids (ILs) in their backbones have been shown to exhibit a high degree of variability through changing the type of ionic character and the location of the ionic region within the molecule. This large amount of variability in both the structure and characteristics of ILs allows researchers to design task-specific ionic polymers and ILs for a variety of applications including gas separation membranes and solid polymer electrolytes. The synthesis of a specific class of ILs and ionenes through the incorporation of urethane groups with imidazolium rings by reacting carbonyl diimidazole with various …

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Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations And Ensemble-Based Mutational Profiling Of Protein Stability In The Different Functional Forms Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Trimers: Balancing Stability And Adaptability In Ba.1, Ba.2 And Ba.2.75 Variants, Gennady M. Verkhivker, Mohammed Alshahrani, Grace Gupta Apr 2023

Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations And Ensemble-Based Mutational Profiling Of Protein Stability In The Different Functional Forms Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Trimers: Balancing Stability And Adaptability In Ba.1, Ba.2 And Ba.2.75 Variants, Gennady M. Verkhivker, Mohammed Alshahrani, Grace Gupta

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Evolutionary and functional studies have suggested that the emergence of Omicron variants can be determined by multiple fitness tradeoffs including immune escape, binding affinity, conformational plasticity, protein stability, and allosteric modulation. In this study, we embarked on a systematic comparative analysis of the conformational dynamics, electrostatics, protein stability, and allostery in the different functional states of spike trimers for BA.1, BA.2, and BA.2.75 variants. Using efficient and accurate coarse-grained simulations and atomistic reconstruction of the ensembles, we examined the conformational dynamics of the spike trimers that agree with the recent functional studies, suggesting that BA.2.75 trimers are the most stable …

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Microscale Chemical Manipulation And Imaging Using Photoactive Molecules And Light, Uroob Haris Apr 2023

Microscale Chemical Manipulation And Imaging Using Photoactive Molecules And Light, Uroob Haris

Chemistry Theses and Dissertations

Chemical manipulation with light has been an active and growing area of research with important implications in materials science, biotechnology, and environmental science. From early investigations of light sensitive materials for photography in the 19th century, to printing billions of transistors on a semiconductor chip in present day, scientists have gained a deep understanding of photochemistry and the processes that allow us to harness light for everyday applications. In this work, we explore microscale fabrication and molecular imaging using light and photoactive molecules as foundational tools. We develop a visible-light mediated technique for high resolution microscale chemical lithography comprising …

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Substituent Effect Analysis On Halogen Bonding Interactions, Summer Hanson Apr 2023

Substituent Effect Analysis On Halogen Bonding Interactions, Summer Hanson

Honors Theses

This study was used to determine the significance of substituents placed on aromatic molecules and how electron-donating groups (EDG) and electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) affect the strength of the halogen bond. Each study involved the same substituents, each differing in electron-withdrawing and electron-donating capability. Five different systems were created on computational software to evaluate the distance between the halogen bond donor and halogen bond acceptor. In two studies, the goal was to find the best electron-donor on the halogen bond acceptor (donor of electron density) while the halogen bond donor remained constant. For one study, the goal was to determine the …

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Development And Validation Of A Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For The Determination Of Temozolomide In Mouse Brain Tissue, Raghavi Kakarla, Kimberly Yacoub, Rebecca L. Bearden, Aimin Zhou, Sanjib Mukherjee, Frank Y. Shan, Baochuan Guo Apr 2023

Development And Validation Of A Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For The Determination Of Temozolomide In Mouse Brain Tissue, Raghavi Kakarla, Kimberly Yacoub, Rebecca L. Bearden, Aimin Zhou, Sanjib Mukherjee, Frank Y. Shan, Baochuan Guo

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Temozolomide is a Food and Drug Administration-approved anticancer drug that has poor drug delivery via oral or intravenous routes. A potential strategy to combat this problem is investigating alternative routes of administration, requiring quantitation of the drug in the brain tissues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. However, current methods used to extract the drug from brain tissues resulted in poor recovery and substantial matrix effects. Herein, we reported a new two-step extraction method that involves the use of Proteinase K to lyse tumor tissues to efficiently release the drug, followed by ethanol protein precipitation. The extracts were then separated on a …

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Computational Investigation Of Porphyrin-Based Host Design For Anions And Ion Pairs, Symphony Hill Apr 2023

Computational Investigation Of Porphyrin-Based Host Design For Anions And Ion Pairs, Symphony Hill

Honors Theses

Little research has heretofore been devoted to studying the binding interactions between porphyrin-based molecular hosts and anions or ion pairs. Such interactions could be important in synthesizing molecules capable of detecting, binding, extracting, and transporting ions of biological, environmental, and industrial significance. With this in mind, computational studies of nine different porphyrin hosts were performed to examine the structural and binding properties of each molecule and potential ion guests. Using the Spartan computational chemistry software, each porphyrin was modeled and binding was tested with a number of ions of different shapes and sizes. Data was then collected regarding the distances …

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Toward The Yeast Surface Display Of Microviridin B, Jillian Leigh Stafford Apr 2023

Toward The Yeast Surface Display Of Microviridin B, Jillian Leigh Stafford

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Humans have turned to natural products for medicinal therapeutics for millennia. In recent years, the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) class of natural products have garnered a lot of attention due to their ability for heterologous expression, relative ease of mutation, and vast biological activates. Microviridins are a family of RiPPs that contain a tricyclic cage-like structure through the formation of two lactone rings and one lactam ring catalyzed by two ATP-grasp ligase family enzymes. Microviridins are potent inhibitors of serine proteases and mutational studies of a small number of residues indicates the potential of peptide engineering protease …

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Using Transition State Theory To Understand The Kinetics For The Gas-Phase Synthesis Of Ammonia, Chloe Boyd, Stephen Case, Abigail Seputro Apr 2023

Using Transition State Theory To Understand The Kinetics For The Gas-Phase Synthesis Of Ammonia, Chloe Boyd, Stephen Case, Abigail Seputro

Research and Creativity Symposium

To identify the rate-determining step and the most stable transition state for the Haber-Bosch synthesis of gas-phase ammonia, electronic structure calculations for the reactants (N2, H2, NNH2, H2NNH2, HNNH3), intermediates, and transition states were found using the program GAMESS and the basis sets 6-31G*, 6-311G**, and STO-3G (1). The basis set 6-31G* revealed N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ TS1 ⇌ NNH2(g)+ 2H2(g) as the rate-determining step because it had the smallest equilibrium constant (Keq) of 4.2085*10-36. The reaction coordinate diagram showed the most stable transition state was TS4 from the step HNNH3(g) + H2(g) ⇌ TS4 ⇌ 2NH3(g), which had the …

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Optimization Of Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dye On Activated Charcoal, Abigail Seputro Apr 2023

Optimization Of Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dye On Activated Charcoal, Abigail Seputro

Research and Creativity Symposium

Methylene blue and crystal violet are cationic dyes of high intensity that are commonly discharged in wastewater. The colored compounds in this environment inhibit sunlight penetration in waterways, resulting in the destruction of aquatic ecosystems. Activated carbon offers an attractive option for the efficient removal of dyes from wastewater due its excellent adsorption ability, highly porous structure, and large thermal/chemical stability. This study was conducted in order to investigate the adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by various types of activated charcoal using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effects of temperature and adsorbent quantity were studied to optimize the efficiency …

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Evaluation Of A Radium-Thorium Disequilibrium Sediment Method Used To Model And Assess Porewater And Submarine Groundwater Exchange In The Coastal Marsh, Madeline R. Bodine Apr 2023

Evaluation Of A Radium-Thorium Disequilibrium Sediment Method Used To Model And Assess Porewater And Submarine Groundwater Exchange In The Coastal Marsh, Madeline R. Bodine

Theses and Dissertations

Ground, pore, and surface water exchange has been extensively studied in beach and near shore environments but has been long neglected in saltmarsh systems due to their complexity. Saltmarsh systems are of particular importance as they are the interface between fresh and saltwater. Saltmarshes impact carbon exchange, release and sequestration, and they process particulate matter. Understanding the characteristics of a marsh system such as the nutrient and particulate loads in conjunction with the flux of water exchange through the marsh provides a deeper understanding of these systems and can impact our understanding of the global water and carbon cycles, as …

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Investigations On The Active Catalyst In Pd Catalyzed Organic Reactions, Riley Mcgraw Apr 2023

Investigations On The Active Catalyst In Pd Catalyzed Organic Reactions, Riley Mcgraw

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

Cross coupling and C-H functionalization reactions are valuable tools in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, natural products, fine chemicals, and electronics. Molecular precatalysts are frequently used in both reactions but because the reactions use conditions like those employed in intentional preparation of nanoparticles, the presence of nanoparticles is highly likely for both systems. In the case of the cross-coupling reaction, nanoparticles have been shown to have catalytic relevance, but C-H functionalization reactions are widely thought to occur by means of a homogenous catalyst. To better understand the state of the active catalyst, a method of homogeneity analysis by centrifuge is proposed. …

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Mapping Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) In South Carolina Surface Waters: Are There Hotspots?, Thomas C. Geiger Apr 2023

Mapping Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) In South Carolina Surface Waters: Are There Hotspots?, Thomas C. Geiger

Senior Theses

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used in consumer products for their unique chemical properties. PFAS compounds are resistant to water, oil, heat, and grease, making them useful for a wide variety of everyday items such as non-stick cooking pans, food packaging, electronics, carpets, upholstery, paints, adhesives, and personal care products.1 The resilient nature of PFAS has made these compounds immensely popular with consumers but has since been considered a potential environmental and public health hazard for their ability to bioaccumulate and for their stability in the environment. More than 6000 PFAS have been discovered in the …

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Sharprazor: Automatic Removal Of Hair And Ruler Marks From Dermoscopy Images, Reda Kasmi, Jason Hagerty, Reagan Harris Young, Norsang Lama, Januka Nepal, Jessica Miinch, William V. Stoecker, R. Joe Stanley Apr 2023

Sharprazor: Automatic Removal Of Hair And Ruler Marks From Dermoscopy Images, Reda Kasmi, Jason Hagerty, Reagan Harris Young, Norsang Lama, Januka Nepal, Jessica Miinch, William V. Stoecker, R. Joe Stanley

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: The removal of hair and ruler marks is critical in handcrafted image analysis of dermoscopic skin lesions. No other dermoscopic artifacts cause more problems in segmentation and structure detection. Purpose: The aim of the work is to detect both white and black hair, artifacts and finally inpaint correctly the image. Method: We introduce a new algorithm: SharpRazor, to detect hair and ruler marks and remove them from the image. Our multiple-filter approach detects hairs of varying widths within varying backgrounds, while avoiding detection of vessels and bubbles. The proposed algorithm utilizes grayscale plane modification, hair enhancement, segmentation using tri-directional …

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