Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Reactions Of Carbyl Sulfate With Weak Organic Bases, Cheryl Geiger

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The objective of this thesis is the study of the reactions of carbyl sulfate with two classes of weak bases: alcohols and nitriles. Of lesser maonitude the thesis will present a syncpsis of the probable mechanism of the reactions of carbyl sulfate.

Simultaneous Knudsen- And Torsion-Effusion Measurements Of The Vapor Pressures Of Tetraphenyl Silane And Hexaphenyl Disilane, Luz Marina Calle

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

State Of Bacterial Dna After Uptake Into The Roots Of Germinating Barley Seeds, Larry Dale Lawson

Theses and Dissertations

Germinating barley seeds have been shown to take up Bacillus subtilis DNA labelled with 5-bromouracil and tritiated thymidine and retain the DNA in the root system without substantially degrading it. The percentage of bacterial DNA recovered from the total root DNA was independent of the amount of bacterial DNA available for uptake. Four observations indicated the stability of bacterial DNA after uptake into barley roots: (1) the bacterial DNA retained its transforming ability after recovery from the roots; (2) the labelled B. subtilis DNA showed similar CsCl density gradient patterns before uptake and after uptake; (3) most of the radioactivity …

I. An Isothermal Titration Microcalorimeter. Ii. Importance Of Micronutrients In Nutrition. Iii. Zinc Bibliography, John Willard Gardner

Theses and Dissertations

I. An isothermal titration microcalorimeter having a colume of 4 ml and capable of temerature control to ±2 x 10-5°C is described. Major components include a constant temperature water bath controlled to ±3 x 10-4°C, a platinum reation vessel, and an isothermal control circuit consisting of constant Peltier thermoelectric cooling and variable Joule heating controlled by a thermistor in an AC Wheatstone bridge circuit. The calorimeter was tested by measuring the heat of ionization of water and was found to produce data accurate to ± 0.1% where small samples are used such as in the investigation of many biological systems.

Synthesis And Selected Reactions Of [Pi]-(Arene) Chromium Tricarbonyls, Anthony L. Scaggs

Master's Theses

This project was concerned wit hthe preparation of two pi-(arene)-chromium tricarbonyl compounds that could serve as a synthetic intermediates to more complex systems. These intermediates would be particularly well-suited for the preparation of mono-complexed diaryl compounds. The two intermediates selected were pi-(acetophenone) chromium tricarbonyl and pi-(benzyl bromide) chromium tricarbonyl. After the intermediates had been synthesized, their utility in several selected reactions was to be examined.

Complexes Of The 2,2'-Bisacylhydrazide Of 3,3'-Bipyridine And The Dipicolinic Acid Dihydrazide Ligand Systems, William Leo Johnson Iii

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The copper(II) complexes of the picolinic acid bydrazide (PH), the dipicolinic acid dibydrazide (DPH), and the 2,2'-bisacylbydrazide of 3,3'-bipyridine (DAR) ligand systems have been prepared and have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Coordination has been proposed to occur between the terminal amine, the amide nitrogen, and the ring nitrogen in each of the respective complexes.

Evidence for the loss of the amide hydrogen upon complexation of PH, DPH, and DAH with copper(II) has been observed by the n.m.r. study of the zinc(II) complexes of the PH and DAH ligand systems. This is in support of the structures proposed above for …

Aromatic Solvent Induced Shifts Of Trifluoromethyl Pyrazoles, Manuel Constantine Bourlas

Master's Theses

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been used to study the keto-enol equilibrium in a number of trifluoro­methyl S-diketones as well as the dihydropyrazoles obtained when these S- diketones are reacted with thiosemicarbazide. The technique of Aromatic Solvent-Induced Shifts (ASIS) has been used to study the geometry of the collision complex and the strength of the association between solute and solvent. From the data presented, the stereochemistry of these pyrazoles has been determined and a reaction mechanism for their formation has been proposed.

The Investigation Of The Use Of Fluorescein As A Spectral Probe Of Protein Environment, Michael Andrew Martin

Honors Theses

The study was iniated to investigate the properties of fluorescein as a reporter group or spectral probe of protein environment. Through spectral and flourescence studies it was determined that the flourescein binding sites were non-polar relative to bulk water. The spectral study also showed a lowering of pKA for the first one or two flourescein molecules to bind to the protein.

Formation Of An Isoquinoline In The Reaction Of A Diazoketone With Boron Trifluoride, Marc Maller

Honors Theses

It has been reported through work in the field of diazo chemistry that normal reactions of diazo ketones with certain acids can result in some unusual products. In the normal type reaction substituted methyl ketones are the resulting products which occur as a result of the elimination of nitrogen. However, the presence of a nucleophilic center at the ortho position of an aromatic diazo ketone can override the normal replacement and result in a cyclization product with the elimination of nitrogen. In these reactions it was found that addition of excess neoleophile still did not form open-chain products. Both four-and …

Liquid Crystals: Low Melting Nematic 4, 4'-Bis-(Alkylbenzal)-2-Chloro-1,4-Phenylenediamines, Herbert S. Cole Jr.

Honors Theses

Several homologues of the 4,4'-bis-(alkoxybenzal)-2-chloro-1,4-phenylene series were synthesized and their mesomorphic behavior characterized. Furthermore a new series of liquid crystalline compounds, 4,4 1 -bis­ (alkylbenzal)-chloro-l,4-phenylenediamines, have been synthesized and the mesomorphic behavior characterized up to the c carbon chain length. All homologues showed nematic behavior with broad mesophases and particularly low melting points.

A Study Of Indole-Ring Compounds In The Retina Of The Eye Of The Cow (With Special Emphasis Given To Melatonin And Serotonin), James Howard Kaye

Honors Theses

The literature justifies the hypothesis that there might be either serotonin or melatonin present in the retina of higher verta­brates. Serotonin has been demonstrated in nervous tissues from animals in all parts of the animal kingdom. As the retina is part of the central nervous system, it is a logical place to look for the presence of serotonin. Serotonin has also been found in the brain of ungulate fetuses. Serotonin has been measured in isolated bovine fetal brain some seventy-five to ninety days following gestation.

Iodination Of Aromatic Compounds, Paul T. Kabb

Honors Theses

Iodination of aromatic compounds was accomplished using the procedure given by Durand, with a few slight modifications introduced. Benzene was reacted with sulphuric acid, fuming sulphuric acid, and iodine to give hexaiodobenzene. Ethylbenzene was reacted with the mixture of sulphuric acids and iodine to give a mixture of less iodo-substituted products. Reduction using hydrogen atoms was accomplished. Hexaiodobenzene in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium hydride was reduced to a mixture of less iodo-substituted products.

The Cationic Copolymerization Of B-Pinene And Styrene, William David Mciver

Honors Theses

The Catatonic polymerization process is least well known of the polymerization mechanisms. Copolymerization by cationic initiation is not well understood. Charles Snyder began investigating the copolymerization of B-pinene and styrene in the fall of 1971, and found some intersting things. He reported, however, that the project was incomplete. This project was based on the work that Snyde began. The products he made, in addition to several others, were completely analyzed in an effort to obtain information about the cationic polymerization process. DSC, GPC, and solvent studies, along with VPO, were the methods of analysis.

The Preparation Of 2,4,4',6,6'-Pentamethyldiborazinyl-1-2' By The Reaction Of B-Trichloroborazine With Grignard Reagent, David C. Sertl

Honors Theses

The goal of this research was to prepare crystals of 2,3,3',6,6'-pentamethyldibroazinyl1-1,2' in order to obtain vapor pressure data and a gas-phase, infrared spectrum.

Reactions Of Alkyl Halides In Dimethyl Sulfoxide Under Friedel-Crafts Conditions, Robert Wallace Dean Jr.

Honors Theses

When dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl bromide, and 5 mole­-percent of ferric chloride are heated together, a yellow precipitate is formed. The product partially decomposes at 172 degrees, with evolution of gas. It is very soluble in water, but only slightly soluble in methanol. It contains 7.18% by weight of iron (III), suggesting a compound of high molecular weight or a mixture. It appears that a Friedel-Crafts alkylation of DMSO has taken place, perhaps giving an ethyldimethyloxosulfon­ium salt, however, the IR and NMR spectra do not substantiate this. The absence of alkoxydimethylsulfonium salts in the above reaction mixture has been demonstrated. An …

Effects Of Dipolar Aprotic Solvents And Ion Pairing On Elimination Reactions, David Andrew Benko

Honors Theses

An improved method for preparing t-butylacetylene was developed. Starting with t-butyl chloride, aluminum trichloride and vinyl bromide and followed by didehydroalogenation using potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide, t-butylacetylene has been prepared in a better than 70% yield. In the process the effect of ion pairing on the orientation of elimination reactions was determined. From this a system for converting 2-haloalkanes directly into 2-alkenes was developed.

Synthesis Of N-Methyl-N-Benzyl-Beta-Chloro (Substituted Beta-Phenyl) Ethylamine Hychochloride, Mark Stuart Shulman

Honors Theses

β-haloalkyl amines are effective sympathetic blocking agents. An attempt was made to synthesize two β –haloakyl-amines, N-methyl, N-benzyl-β-chloro-β-(p-bromophenyl and 3,5 dichloro phenyl) ethylamine hydrochloride, in hopes that the compounds would have the pharmacological properties of a rapid onset, long duration, low toxicity, and few side effects. The basic criteria that β-haloalkylamine must have in order to display blocking properties are: tertiary amine, a β-haloakylamine group capable of forming an intermediate ethylenimonium ion, and an unsaturated ring substitute attached to the amine to allow ring stabilization. The compounds being synthesized display all these characteristics. The synthesis of N-methyl, N-benzyl- β-chloro β-(p-bromo-phenyl) …

Study Of Serotonin And Melatonin In The Bovine Retina, Paul Michael Parker

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research was to determine the presence of absence of the indoles serotonin and melatonin in the bovine retina. Their presence in the bovine pineal had been known for some time but no findings have been reported in the literature for bovine retinal tissue. Retinal tissue was extracted according to several procedures suggested by the literature. The extracts were tested against known samples of these indoles by thin layer chromatography and fluorescence spectra examined on the Hitachi-Perkin Elmer MPF-2 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer. The presence of melatonin in the bovine retina was qualitatively determined while not more than 0.01 …

Adrenergic Blocking Agents, Jeffrey Bruce Alifanz

Honors Theses

β-Haloalkylamines are a series of sympathetic blocking compounds. Phenoxybenzamine, the only commercially available β-haloalkylamine, goes under the trade name of dibenzyline and has an onset of sympathetic blocking effect of forty-five minutes and lasts for twenty-four to thirty-six hours. It requires a dose of 10-15 mg./kg. in previously anesthetized animals for full blocking effect and obviously its slowness of onset curtails its usefulness. N-Methyl-N-benzyl-β-chloro-β-phenyl-ethylaminehydrochloride also known as BMEA (for benzyl, methyl, phenethyl amine) differs by having an onset of sympathetic blockade of only five minutes and still has a duration in excess of seventeen hours. In addition, it is about …

Investigation Of The Relationship Of The Excited State Geometry Change And The Solvent Dependent Fluorescence Of 9-Methyl Anthroate, Ronald Michael Hoffman

Honors Theses

Due to a geometry difference, the polarity of the first excited singlet state of 9-methyl anthroate is shown to be greater than that of the ground state. This polarity difference results in solvent dependent fluorescence properties for this molecule. From the Stokes shift variations of 9-methyl anthroate fluorescence in polar aprotic solvents, the excited state dipole moment is 4.5 D larger than the ground state value. In protic solvents, the Stokes shifts are larger than in polar aprotic solvents indicating a large hydrogen bond contribution to excited state solvation in the former solvents. In non-polar and some polar aprotic solvents, …

The Growth And Toxicity Of The Florida Red Tide Organism, Gymnodinium Breve, Marion Tilton Doig Iii

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Mass mortalities of marine organisms in the Gulf of Mexico have been associated with blooms of the unarmored dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve. This investigation concerns the factors affecting the growth of G. breve and the properties of a toxin produced by the organism.

A modification of the Flask Test of the Provisional Algal Assay Procedure of the Joint Industry/Government Task Force on Eutrophication was used to determine the response of G. breve to various natural waters and enrichments. The growth-promoting potential of natural waters obtained from areas where outbreaks of G. breve frequently occur was greater than that of waters …

The Development Of A Defense System Against Coxsackievirus B5 Infection In Suckling Mice, Neal Shadoff

Senior Scholar Papers

There are many viruses that are able to infect the alimentary tract of man. Little is known, however, about the mechanism of infection itself or the pathophysiology of the gut during infection. 'The research reported here is concerned with the differences in susceptibility among suckling mice of various ages inoculated by the intraperitoneal and intragastric routes. Since the normal mode of entry of many viruses to the gut is via the oral route, Coxsackievirus B5, a human enterovirus which does attack this way, was utilized. It is a non-tumor producing RNA virus that has been shown to act similarly in …

An Nmr Study Of Substituent Effects In Ortho-Substituted Aryl Methyl Sulfides, Luba Anne Pacala

Chemistry Honors Papers

This 51 page thesis involved the synthesis of a series of ortho substituted methyl phenyl sulfides and the subsequent interpretation of their nmr spectra to see if a linear correlation of reported ortho sigma constants with carbon 13-proton coupling constants or S-methyl chemical shifts existed. It was also the object of this study to determine a new set of ortho substituent constants based upon these data.

Kinetic Properties Of Partially Purified Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Devji Dedhia

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Within the past few years kinetic studies of NADP⁺- specific isocitrate dehydrogenase have been conducted extensively following isolation from bacteria, yeast and vertebrates. However, the kinetic properties of NADP⁺ - specific isocitrate dehydrogenase have not been adequately characterized in filamentous fungi. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the kinetic behavior of partially purified NADP⁺ - specific isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme isolated from Phycomyces blakesleeanus.

During this study Michaelis constants (Km) and maximum velocities (Vmax) were determined for threo-Ds-isocitrate, NADP⁺, and Mn²⁺ as well as the number of binding sites of these …

The Synthesis Of Pyrimidines And Condensed Pyridazines As Potential Antimetabolites, Judith A. Wagner

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Interest in the compounds described by this thesis was first aroused in the early 1930's when a research team began to investigate the mass poisonings of the population in Indonesia. The cause of the poisonings seemed to be the foodstuffs which the people made for themselves from the abundant coconut. Two products in particular, Bongkrek and Semaji, made from coconut presscakes and grated coconut, were apparently the source of the toxic substance. When made under improper conditions, the toxic principle developed in an otherwise harmless food product. A compound was finally isolated and established as the toxic principle by …

New Techniques In Precision Gamma Scanning: Application To Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Pins, John R. Phillips

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A new precision gamma scanning system is described. The system is designed for the thorough, detailed, nondestructive characterization of irradiated fast reactor fuel pins. Gamma scanning data are given for failed fuel pin , transfer mechanisms of fission products, quantitative isotopic scan­ning, and differential burnup profiles.

The system consists of a scanning mechanism for the precise positioning (±0.001 in.) of the irradiated fuel pin, high density tungsten alloy collimators for defining the volume segment from which the gamma-ray spectra are collected, a large high resolution an anticoincidence detector assembly for resolving complex gamma-ray spectra, and a computer con­trolled data acquisition …

The Determination Of Thiamin And Its Derivatives In Brain Tissue Of Control, Thiamin-Deficient, Oxythiamin- And Pyrithiamin-Treated Rats, David S. Murdock

Theses and Dissertations

The determination of total thiamin, free thiamin, thiamin di phosphate (TDP) plus thiamin triphosphate (TTP), and total α- hydroxyethylthiamin (HET) levels in rat brain in control, deficient, oxythiamin- (OTH) and pyrithiamin- (PTH) treated rats was accomplished. It was found that the TDP + TTP/thiamin ratio observed in the thiamin-deficient, OTH- and PTH-treated rats was constant and did not differ from the ratio observed in the control rat brains. The brain levels of TDP + TTP decreased to 39% and 12% of the control thiamin levels in deficient and PTH-treated rats respectively. The brain HET and TDP + TTP levels of …

⁷Li(D,P)⁸Li Excitation Function :|Be[Subscript D] = 0.623 Mev To 1.968 Mev, Albert E. Schilling

Theses and Dissertations

In this study the excitation function for the ^7Li(d,p)^8Li reaction is determined at incident deuteron energies ranging from 0.623MeV to 1.968MeV by counting the delayed alpha-particles as a result of the ^8Li beta decay. This excitation function reveals resonances at 0.777±0.012MeV and 1.031±0.015MeV with cross sections of 202±9mb and 188±8mb respectively. The uncertainty in the cross section values was due to three independent sources of error within this experiment, the solid angle, the ^8Li half-life, and the target (LiF) thickness. The uncertainty in the energy values was determined from an energy calibration of the accelerator used in this study. Resonances …

The Purification And Characterization Of Cytochrome B₅ From Porcine Kidney, M. Dean Klingler

Theses and Dissertations

A soluble form of cytochrome b_5, with a 413/280 nm ratio of nearly unity, has been isolated and purified from porcine kidney using fractional precipitation, ion exchange resins, and gel filtration procedures. The cytochrome b_5 shows heat stability up to 50° and is stable in the pH range 6.0 to 8.5. The oxidized protein exhibits an absorption maximum at 413 nm, while the reduced form shows three peaks: 423, 526, 556 nm. Molecular weight determinations have given variable results, suggesting the possibility of a polymer composed of four and eight units of a 13,500 molecular weight protomer. This study has …

|Ni.|Pa Calorimetric Study Of The Heat Of Ionization Of Water At 10 And 40°C, And,|Nii.|Pa Calorimetric Determination Of The Heat Of Reaction Of Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane (Tham) With Hydrochloric Acid In Aqueous Solution At 10, 25, And 40°C, Griffith Lyn Kimball

Theses and Dissertations

The heat of neutralization, ΔH_-N, of perchloric acid with sodium hydroxide has been determined at 10 and 40° in a low ionic strength, μ, region using a nonisothermal, constant-temperature-environment solution calorimeter. Correction of the data to infinite dilution by extrapolation of a plot of ΔH_-N vs μ^0.5 gives values at zero ionic strength for the heat of ionization of water of 14.216 and 12.695 kcal/mole, respectively, at 10 and 40° . The data are correlated with those of earlier workers to give an equation allowing the calculation of the heat of ionization of water at zero ionic strength over the …