Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization Upon Spring Growth In Thinopyrum Poticum In Alkaline Soils. Argentina, R Fernandez Grecco, A Sciotti, A Mazzanti, H Echeverria

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Wheatgrass is a perennial forage grass adapted to low fertility alkaline soils in the Flooding pampa. It has an annual forage growth cycle characterised by a high spring-summer concentration and low values in winter. The objective of this study was to assess that it is possible to anticipate and increase forage growth and DM production of wheatgrass pastures applying nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out at the Balcarce Experimental Station from 28/08/95 to 04/12/95. Using a completely randomized block design the effects of 6 levels of N: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg Nha-1, added as NO3 …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization Upon Winter Growth In Natural Pastures Of The South East Of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, R C. Fernandez Grecco, A E. Mazzanti, H A. Echeverria

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The effect of winter nitrogen fertilization upon herbage accumulation during the winter-spring period on a natural pasture of the Flooding Pampa dominated by cool season annual (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial (Stipa neesiana) grasses was evaluated. The experiment was carried out from August to November in 1994 and 1995. Fertilization treatments were: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kgN ha- 1 (N0, N50, N100, N150, N200 and N250, respectively). The experimental plots were set out in three randomized blocks. In 1994, maximum forage accumulation was reached at N150, and no significant differences were found among N150, …

Effectivity Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas In Sustainable Grassland Agriculture Following Conversion From Intensive Management, W R. Eason, J Scullion, E P. Scott

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

With increased interest in sustainable agriculture, attention has focused on the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in the productivity of agricultural systems. AM spores were taken from grassland and grass-arable systems with either a history of high-input, conventional, or low-input, organic management, and used as a source of inoculum in host plants (Allium amelioprasum, Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne). Spores from organic management systems produced a greater yield response than those from conventional systems. Where various spore inoculum produced differences in host growth responses, it was observed that the infected root of these host plants also produced similar …

Buffelgrass Forage And Seed Production Responses To N And Fertilization, W R. Ocumpaugh, M A. Hussey, B L. Burson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Forage and seed production responses to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer of Common buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) were evaluated for three years (1991-93). An incomplete factorial set of five rates of N and P were applied each year. Seed data were collected by hand stripping mature seed followed by a forage harvest. Seed quality characteristics were determined on each seed sample. No response to N fertilizer was observed in 1991 nor to P in any year. In 1992, there was a linear forage yield response to N fertilizer. In 1993, both the linear and quadratic effects of N …

Grassland Management In Central Area Of The Masurian Landscape Park, K Mlynarczyk, E Marks, E Korona

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Permanent grassland occupy some 12% of the area of the Masurian Landscape Park. The Cirsio-Polygonetum plant association was distinguished on the semi-natural meadows situated on the peat-marsh soil. Changes in botanical composition of the meadow sward and the productivity of DM, against a background of different mineral fertilization, were examined in a medium-scale plot experiment. It was concluded that both aspects ofutilization must be accorded high priority in the case of extensively managed meadows: medium level of forage production and the landscape conservation.

Reserving Pastures In Communal Grasslands By Agropastoralists Of Tanzania, M L. Kusekwa, A J. Mwilawa, J.K K. Msechu

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Studies were conducted in “Maasai” and “Gogo” tribal communities to gain understanding of traditional management of reserved pastures. Survey techniques were used and forage production and chemical composition were estimated. Household heads were invariably old men who had no formal education. Household size averaged 14 and 11, in Maasai and Gogo tribes respectively. Most reserved pastures were privately owned. Over 90% of pastoralists preferred individual ownership of reserved grazing. Herbage production was 2510 kg DM/ha in Maasai and 3680 kg DM/ha in Gogo locations. Pastures and low protein content (5.1-6.5% CP). Constraints to reserve grazing strategies were land and water …

Impact Of Extensive Management On Demography Of One Invasive Species Of Permanent Grasslands, D Magda

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of this study is to show the effect of extensive practices on the population dynamics of a grassland species (Chaerophyllum aureum) in order to control invasion process. Fertilisation intensity (none or 45g/m2), number (none, one or two) and date of cutting (before or after seed maturity) have been experienced on permanent plots in fields to follow consequences on demography of adults and seedlings. Adult density is regulated through cutting effect and intraspecific competition process. Reduction of competition by cutting leads to a paradoxal highest adult survival rate in on cut treatment compared with abandoned invaded fields. …

Influence Of Drying Method And Temperature On Ruminal Degradable Protein Of Switchgrass, D E. Farnham, K J. Moore, J R. George

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The nutritional value of herbage protein fed to ruminant livestock can be influenced greatly by the extent to which it is degraded in the rumen. This study was conducted to determine if drying method and temperature alters measurements of in situ ruminal escape protein (EP) of switchgrass herbage. Switchgrass harvested at the pre-heading stage was either air dried, freeze dried, or oven dried at 38, 49, 60, or 710 C. Samples from each of the six drying treatments were digested in situ in Dacron bags for 4, 8, 12, or 16 h. Drying treatment had a significant impact on EP …

Development Of Natural Horse Pastures In Finland In The 1900s, H Jansson, K H. Jansson, A Olin, T Talikka, J Pykala

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The purpose of the study was to assess the importance of natural pastures as a growing environment for horses and, at the same time, to evaluate the landscape value of such pastures. Another aim was to look at possible ways of conserving areas which have been in use as horse pastures for a long period of time as traditional biotopes belonging to the Finnish horse grazing culture, and to examine how their management and care could be improved.

Relationship Of Soil To Native Pasture In A Flooding Pampa Area (Argentine), S P. Debelis, A A. Bozzo, A Bujan, M B. Barrios

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The influence of the topography in soils found in the area surrounding the Chascomús lagoon is examined. The study of the profiles within the representative transect in each microenvironment reveals changes related to its traits. Its relationship with the vegetation present in each toposequence position was observed. The worsening of the natural drainage conditions, are related to reduction of organic matter, increase in the values of pH and PSI, greater intensity of hydromorphic traces and appearance of groups of characteristic species.

Extensification Of Sheep Grazing Systems: Effects On Soil Nutrients, Species Composition And Animal Production, C A. Marriott, I J. Gordon

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The effects of ceasing fertiliser inputs to perennial ryegrass/white clover swards, combined with patterns of seasonal grazing, on soil nutrient status, floristic composition and animal production (ewes and single lambs) were studied in a long-term experiment at three upland sites in Scotland. Four unfertilised treatments had a factorial combination of seasonal grazing in summer and autumn at two sward heights (4 and 8 cm). There was also an ungrazed, unfertilised control and a fertilised treatment (140 kg N/ha plus maintenance P and K), grazed at 4 cm sward height in both seasons. All treatments were imposed annually from 1990/91. By …

Grassland Management For Geese: Sustainable Use For Conservation And Agriculture, S M. Percival, R Lilley

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Increasing numbers of overwintering wild geese have caused considerable problems to agriculture but are often also of conservation concern as their populations are relatively small. Islay, Scotland, is one site where this problem is particularly acute. We studied the two goose species which use this site, the barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis, and the white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons flavirostris, and found that they preferred younger pastures located closer to their roost sites. These preferred areas could be important in developing a sustainable strategy for future goose management. Further non-sustainable population increases might be avoided by increasing disturbance in these areas.

Risk Of Climate Damage In The Mountain West, 2024, Taylor Volk, Isabelle G. Graham, Ivan Sun, Zachary Billot, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Environment

This fact sheet examines 2024 data on the estimated annual cost per person of damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and population from climate related disasters for the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The original report, “States at Greatest Risk of Climate Damage - 2024 Study,” by Jaclyn DeJohn and published by SmartAsset, includes data on climate disaster risk for all 50 states.

The Use Of Laja In Construction In Ancient Mesoamerica: A View From The Southern Gulf Lowlands Of Veracruz, Mexico, Lauren E. Smith

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

The archaeology of the southern Gulf lowlands of Veracruz, Mexico is notable for its research pertaining to the Olmec culture (Jaime-Riveron 2016; Loughlin 2012; Pool 2006). The region was home to the Colossal Olmec Heads: large, easily identifiable sculptures crafted from the volcanic rock of the Tuxtlas Volcanic Field. The use of volcanic resources in such grand presentations may instill a bias in the research of some archaeologists, but it is important to consider how these and other volcanic resources might have been used in everyday life (e.g., Jaime-Riveron 2016: 86). The consolidated volcanic ash in this region is referred …

Role Of Hypogenesis In The Evolution Of Karst In The Taurus Mountains Range, Turkey, Serdar C. Bayari, Naciye Nur Özyurt, Lütfi Nazik, Koray A. Törk, Noyan İ. Güner, Emrah Pekkan, Pınar Avcı

International Journal of Speleology

Field observations and laboratory data collected from the Taurus Mountains Range, Turkey during the last two decades provided evidence for the link between the evolution of hypogene karst and the geodynamic history. Major evidence includes; carbonate-hosted secondary ore deposits that are converted from primarily hypogene minerals by epigene, oxygen-rich groundwater circulating at local to intermediate depths. Another piece of evidence of hypogene karst in the Tauride is the Kırkgöz springs’ huge submerged cave/conduit system, which formed the Antalya Travertine Plateau, which is the world’s largest deposit precipitated by cool karst groundwater. The obruks in central Tauride are giant collapse dolines …

A Speleogenetic History Of Novoafonskaya Cave In The Western Caucasus, Olga Chervyatsova, Sergey Potapov, Jonathan Baker, Dmitry Gavryushkin, Victor Polyak, Matt Heizler, Sergey Tokarev, Sergey Sadykov, Roman Dbar, Yuri Dublyansky

International Journal of Speleology

Speleogenesis in hypogene karst settings may be closely tied to regional tectonic dynamics and concomitant hydrochemical evolution of karst waters. However, placing temporal constraints on these processes can require a wider array of field observations and techniques than for typical karst systems. Herein, we present a comprehensive study of Novoafonskaya Cave (Western Caucasus, Abkhazia). The updated speleogenetic history of the cave comprises four stages: (1) the most ancient, a low-T hydrothermal (ca. 40–50°C) priming stage; (2) the main stage enabled by mixing of upwelling thermomineral and locally recharged common karst waters; (3) the late sulfuric-acid speleogenesis (SAS) stage, which left …

Monitoring Air Fluxes In Caves Using Digital Flow Metres, Claudio Pastore, Amir Sedaghatkish, Eric Weber, Nicolas Schmid, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Marc Luetscher

International Journal of Speleology

Precise measurements of airflow within caves are increasingly demanded to assess heat and mass transfers and their impacts on the karst environment, including subsurface ecosystems, hydrochemistry of karst water and secondary mineral precipitates. In this study, we introduce a new, low-cost and lightweight device adapted to monitoring air fluxes in caves which addresses the need for reliable measurements, low power consumption, durability and affordability. The device was calibrated in a wind tunnel, showing the high accuracy and precision of the device. Field-related uncertainties were further investigated in a ventilated cave to determine the effect of local airflow conditions on the …

On The Impact Of Geospace Weather On The Occurrence Of M7.8/M7.5 Earthquakes On 6 February 2023 (Turkey), Possibly Associated With The Geomagnetic Storm Of 7 November 2022, Dimitar Ouzounov, Galina Khachikyan

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

A joint analysis of solar wind, geomagnetic field, and earthquake catalog data showed that before the catastrophic M = 7.8 and M = 7.5 Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence on 6 February 2023, a closed strong magnetic storm occurred on 7 November 2022, SYM/H = −117 nT. The storm started at 08:04 UT. At this time, the high-latitudinal part of Turkey’s longitudinal region of future epicenters was located under the polar cusp, where the solar wind plasma would directly access the Earth’s environment. The time delay between storm onset and earthquake occurrence was ~91 days. We analyzed all seven strong (M7+) earthquakes …

Environmental Fate And Transport Of Pfas In Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Discharged To Rapid Infiltration Basins, Kai M. Trobisch

Masters Theses

Fate and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharged to rapid infiltration basins (RIBs) is investigated using data from 26 WWTPs in Michigan and numerical modeling to assess the role of air-water interface (AWI) sorption in modulating mass fluxes to the saturated zone. Analysis of RIB physical properties yields a median separation distance of 6.5 meters between land surface and the water table, and a continuum of area-normalized effluent fluxes ranging from 0.01 to 0.62 meters per day. A subset of WWTPs with RIBs indicate higher PFAS concentrations in groundwater than effluent with …

Assessing The Impact Of Hurricane Fiona On The Coast Of Pei National Park And Implications For The Effectiveness Of Beach-Dune Management Policies, Robin Davidson-Arnott, Jeff Ollerhead, Elizabeth George, Chris Houser, Bernard Bauer, Patrick Hesp, Ian Walker, Irene Delagado-Fernandez, Danika Van Proosdij

Earth & Environmental Sciences Publications

The impact of waves, storm surge, and aeolian transport associated with Post-tropical Storm Fiona (offshore significant wave height ∽ 8 m, storm surge up to 2 m) on the sandy beaches and foredunes of the north shore of Prince Edward Island National Park (PEINP), Canada, are assessed. Management policies and practices, as they apply to sandy beach systems within PEINP, are reviewed in the context of the shoreline changes attributed to Fiona. The effectiveness of these policies and practices are evaluated to inform the potential performance of beach-foredune systems as natural protection measures that mitigate the impacts of large-magnitude storms …

Fluid Futures: The Revitalization Of Yangzhou Through Its Historical Waterways, Feiyang Wu

Masters Theses

In China, cities such as Yangzhou, which in pre-modern times played central roles in the political, cultural, and economic functioning of the country based on their geographic location, proximity to water-based trade routes, and connections to the imperial court, are today facing uncertain futures due to waterways no longer being critical to trade, and government-driven development being focused on first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. With this, the working-age population migrates from smaller cities toward these urban giants, leaving behind aging relatives, a less robust and diversified economic base, and few attributes other than cultural tourism that …

Searching For The Hyperobject: Crystals As Transscalar Vehicles, Jay Costello

Masters Theses

When I touch the street outside my house, I'm touching Los Angeles—a contiguous vector of material bisecting a continent. A slab, a stone, dust and oil, a googolplex of tightly packed anisotropic particles... At nightfall, I sneak to the edge of the highway and break off a piece. 'What does it mean for a worm to be aware of the scale of the planet?' Bruno Latour's evocative questioning of scalar jumps prompts an existentialism that places me somewhere between the hyperlocal and the massively distributed. Like a cosmic traveler floating through the universe, I feel adrift. I look around, grasping …

Remediating History: A Review Of Restoration For Creeks Polluted From Historical Mining Sites, With The Red Boy Mine As A Primary Case Study, Kara Atiyeh

University Honors Theses

I conducted a literature review to examine the key aspects of restoring watersheds affected by pollution from historical mining. This review is then applied to a case study discussion of the Red Boy Mine and Clear Creek remediation project in Granite, Oregon. The goal of this discussion is to explore how an analysis of site conditions along with current literature on management practices can help guide these projects. Thousands of abandoned hard rock mines remain throughout the country, and many pose serious environmental health effects. Heavy metals like cadmium, nickel, and copper are brought to the surface from mining activity, …

Using A Novel Chain Of Chemical, Crystallographic, And Isotopic Analytical Techniques To Examine The Formation Histories Of Features In Chondritic Meteorites And Orbicular Granites, Samuel P. Alpert

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Understanding the chemistry, crystallography, and isotopic variability of minerals allows us to place significant constraints on the formation history of their host rocks. These constraints provide insight into everything from the distribution of water in the solar system to the onset of plate tectonics. Electron beam instruments and ion probes are important tools used by modern geologists to obtain crystallographic, chemical, and isotopic data. Here I present a new workflow, using these instruments, combining wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS), backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, machine learning algorithms, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), to place quantitative constraints on …

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2024, Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

The main goal of this survey is to identify as many U.S. Stormwater Utilities (SWUs) as possible. Because many stormwater professionals do not have the time to respond to questionnaires, our primary method of identification was Internet searches. We searched key terms such as “stormwater utility,” “stormwater fee,” and “drainage fee.” We scoured online municipal codes such as Municode, AmLegal, Sterling, LexisNexis, General Code, and others. We searched through many city web websites to find utilities. We have also had many people contact me to update fees and identify new utilities. However, the data primarily comes from Internet sources and …

Trace Element Contamination In Urban Soils: Testing And Management, Melissa Chilinski, Melanie Stock, Paul R. Grossl, Eli Oliver

All Current Publications

Trace elements, often referred to as heavy metals, naturally occur in the soil at low levels. Certain land use histories can elevate the concentrations of trace elements to levels that present health risks. Understanding which elements and soil test values may impact human or crop health is an important aspect of gardening and micro-farming, particularly in urban environments that are at increased risk of soil contamination. This fact sheet provides instructions on interpreting soil test results for trace elements through the Total Element Composition EPA 3050B Soil Test (#S19) at Utah State University Analytical Laboratory.

Using Bayesian Multispecies Models To Evaluate Fish And Invertebrate Detection Probability And Distribution In The Hypersaline Bahia Grande Tidal Basin, Roy M. Ulibarri, Catherine M. Eckert, David Hicks, David Montagne, Brandon Jones, David R. Stewart

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective

In 2000, the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge acquired the Bahia Grande (Texas) management unit, a space that had lain barren and arid for 70 years. A large cooperative partnership launched a restoration project to replenish the basin and recover its original tidal hydrology. In 2005, the construction of a pilot channel successfully restored water throughout the basin, and plans to eventually widen the channel were developed. Our study aims to evaluate an estuarine habitat restoration by assessing ecological drivers and the impacts on species diversity.

Methods

We evaluated species richness, detection/occupancy rates, and species–habitat relationships, and we estimated …

A Pilot Study On Particulate Matter Concentrations From Cooking And Its Effects On Indoor Air Pollution In A Mexican American Household In Mission, South Texas, Usa, Sai Deepak Pinakana, Carlos Garcia Patlan, Esmeralda Mendez, Amit U. Raysoni

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

This pilot study focuses on particulate matter (PM) while cooking in a South Texan household. Dishes such as Beef, Burger, Fish, Chicken, Egg Sandwich, and Hotdog were prepared. Indoor PM levels were compared with outdoor PM levels. A DustTrak DRX was used to monitor the PM released during the cooking process. PM2.5 levels were highest while cooking beef, 162.79 + 209.62 μg m−3. Hot Dog preparation resulted in the lowest PM2.5 concentration of 27.72 + 5.58 μg m−3. Indoor PM2.5 levels were observed to be greater in contrast to outdoor levels when compared to the outdoor levels (96 words).

What Climate Change Means For Nebraska

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Nebraska’s climate is changing. In the past century, most of the state has warmed by at least one degree (F). The soil is becoming drier, and rainstorms are becoming more intense. In the coming decades, flooding is likely to increase, yet summers are likely to become increasingly hot and dry, which would reduce yields of some crops, require farmers to use more water, and amplify some risks to human health.

Our climate is changing because the earth is warming. People have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s. Other heat-trapping greenhouse …

Urban And Rural Bmi Trajectories In Southeastern Ghana: A Space-Time Modeling Perspective On Spatial Autocorrelation, Hsiao-Chien Shih, Xiaoxiao Wei, Li An, John Weeks, Douglas Stow

International Journal of Geospatial and Environmental Research

Spatial autocorrelation in model residuals can have a significant impact on the results of spatial or space-time models. This can result in misleading estimates of the influence of different factors, potentially exaggerating or even reversing the perceived effects of these factors. This study also considers the potential implications of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) in the context of spatial-temporal models. In this case study for southeastern Ghana, we examined whether and how spatial autocorrelation in model residuals might generate bias in regression coefficients when explaining women’s body mass index (BMI) across urban and rural areas. Eigenvector spatial filtering, with …