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Articles 601 - 630 of 58712
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Analysis Of A Natural Pasture Of The Karst Region (North-East Italy) Under Chemical Fertilization, G Parente, R Ardiani, F Bozzo, M Onofrii, M Scimone, S Venerus
Analysis Of A Natural Pasture Of The Karst Region (North-East Italy) Under Chemical Fertilization, G Parente, R Ardiani, F Bozzo, M Onofrii, M Scimone, S Venerus
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
To characterise the vegetation changes in a natural pasture, a mineral fertilisation and a 4-year grazing test (1987-1990) were carried out on a typical karstic natural grassland, at that time not grazed by livestock and frequently devastated by fire. Mineral fertiliser and year-long animal grazing have modified the vegetation and seem not to have damaged the agro-ecosystem. An increase of the Arrhenatheretum species and, consequently, higher dry matter production, have been recorded, as well as an extension of the growth period and a greater quantity of grass during the summer. Animal performance has been quite satisfactory as the milk production …
Effect Of Elevation On Vegetation In The Southern Alburz Chain, Iran, Masoud Mohammad-Aliha
Effect Of Elevation On Vegetation In The Southern Alburz Chain, Iran, Masoud Mohammad-Aliha
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The effects of elevation on the vegetation composition of the southern rangelands (about 20 000 ha) of the Alburz Chain was studied. The attitudinal zones of the study area were located between 1200 and 3600 m asl. Twenty-three sites were selected alongside the attitudinal gradients (every 200 m change in height was allocated a substation). Twenty-one vegetation types were distinguished and 3 ecological sites (stations) selected. Also some grasses alongside the study area have been considered.
Assessing The Productivity Of Pastures In The Central Highlands Region Of Queensland, Australia, J Willcocks, P Filet
Assessing The Productivity Of Pastures In The Central Highlands Region Of Queensland, Australia, J Willcocks, P Filet
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A sustainable grazing industry requires careful management of pastures. This study measured the growth potential and productivity of different pasture types in the Central Highlands region of Queensland to develop recommendations on stocking rates which are sustainable in the long term. The most productive pasture measured, buffet grass (Cenchrus clliaris) is generally used for fattening prior to sale to the meatworks. The least productive, a mixed native pasture under a eucalypt forest, is generally used for maintaining breeding stock. Forest Mitchell grass (Bothrioclrloa ewartiana) has intermediate levels of productivity and is used for both breeding and …
Seedling Emergence From Buried Seed In Unsown And Oversown Hill Pasture, M E. Wedderburn, W J. Pengelly, L A. Greaves
Seedling Emergence From Buried Seed In Unsown And Oversown Hill Pasture, M E. Wedderburn, W J. Pengelly, L A. Greaves
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Seedling recruitment from buried seed was measured in hill country after the resident vegetation was suppressed or killed using herbicide, and either Yatsyn ryegrass, hill ryegrass or a low fertility grass mix was oversown. Unsown plots serves as a control. The total number of seedlings emerging per m2 was similar for all treatments but differences between treatments occurred in the species composition of seedling populations. Ryegrass seedling density in sown plots was 3 times that in unsown plots and white clover seedling numbers were 6 times greater. Other grasses were present in numbers equivalent to sown ryegrass. Subterranean clover and …
Adaptation Of Grassland For Recreational And Amenity Use, R J. Gibbs, K W. Mcauliffe, R W. Brougham
Adaptation Of Grassland For Recreational And Amenity Use, R J. Gibbs, K W. Mcauliffe, R W. Brougham
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Adaptation of grassland for intensive sport and recreational use introduces constraints not normally experienced under agricultural pasture production. For example, turfgrass is expected to grow in deliberately compacted soils and structureless, inert sands. It is also expected to provide a surface for sports as diverse as golf and horse racing. This paper examines aspects of turfgrass management that differ from agricultural pasture production. These aspects include the ability of turf grass to withstand intensive wear, its ability to produce a dense, low growing and even sward and the specific drainage and playing quality demands of different sports. The key role …
Hypogene Speleogenesis In Carbonates By Cooling Hydrothermal Flow: The Case Of Mt. Berenike Caves, Israel, Roi Roded, Boaz Langford, Einat Aharonov, Piotr Szymczak, Micka Ullman, Shemesh Yaaran, Boaz Lazar, Amos Frumkin
Hypogene Speleogenesis In Carbonates By Cooling Hydrothermal Flow: The Case Of Mt. Berenike Caves, Israel, Roi Roded, Boaz Langford, Einat Aharonov, Piotr Szymczak, Micka Ullman, Shemesh Yaaran, Boaz Lazar, Amos Frumkin
International Journal of Speleology
The Berenike hypogenic cave system near Lake Kinneret, Israel, provides a valuable case study for investigating the recently proposed Confined-Cooling-Flow (CCF) speleogenesis model. Field and speleological surveys, along with existing research, are used to provide a thorough analysis. The CCF model relies on a simple thermo-hydro-chemical scenario, involving the rise of CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids discharging into a confined layer. The cooling of these CO2-rich fluids turns them into aggressive solutions due to the inverse relation between temperature and solubility of carbonates (retrograde solubility). Previous geochemical and numerical analyses of the CCF model predict localized and persistent dissolution and speleogenesis on …
The Product Of Science, Rolf A.E Mueller
The Product Of Science, Rolf A.E Mueller
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The relationships between agricultural science, invention, production and consumption are conventionally considered in a hierarchical model with consumption at the basis and science at the pinnacle of the hierarchy. -Two important shortcomings of that model as a basis for organising and manag\ng agricultural research are identified. First, the model does not specify how the direction and intensity of research Is guided in the absence of markets for the outputs from research. Second, the model does not identify the flows of specific information from the consumption and agricultural production sphere to the research sphere where such information is crucial for the …
From Technology Transfer To Resource Management, Janice Jiggins
From Technology Transfer To Resource Management, Janice Jiggins
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Six models of technological innovation are examined. The implications for the roles and functions of research and extension, and of agricultural education systems, are analysed. The models are assessed against issues of gender, natural resource management and poverty, with consideration of who pays, and who benefits. The conclusion is drawn that the Transfer of Technology model is not a generalisable model to all circumstances, clients and policy goals. Client-driven systems and participatory approaches which build partnerships among researchers, extensionists, producers and other users of grassland landscapes, can be more effective and efficient.
Combining Agricultural Agent Training In Forages With Graduate Credit, Garry Lacefield, Jimmy Henning, M Rasnake, C Forsythe, L Davis
Combining Agricultural Agent Training In Forages With Graduate Credit, Garry Lacefield, Jimmy Henning, M Rasnake, C Forsythe, L Davis
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
An intensive agent training programme in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production nnd utilisation was initialed in 1990. The training was organised by slate extension forage specialists to meet the needs of agricultural agents. Previous programmes have offered similar training but did nol resull in graduate credit. This unique approach offered intensive training to agents presented by a multidisciplinary learn of scientists. All requirements for graduate credit were met and the course completion resulted in 3 hours of graduate credit. The course has been rated "superior" by students. When properly organised and implemented, intensive agent training can be offered that …
A Grazing Land Conservation Plan, R G. Hendricks
A Grazing Land Conservation Plan, R G. Hendricks
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In a sample planning scenario, a ranching operation in the USA demonstrates a typical conservation problem on grazing lands. Using SCS conservation planning techniques, problems and objectives are identified, resources are inventoried, data are analysed, solutions formulated and conservation practices implemented to solve the resource problem. With use of the economic analysis routine in Grazing Land Applications (OLA) version 1.1 decision suppott software, return on investment was largest when the client installed a combination of rest-rotation grazing, prescribed burning, and initiated a hunting lease programme.
Range Conservation Planning: The Usda- Soil Conservation Service Method, Rhett H. Johnson
Range Conservation Planning: The Usda- Soil Conservation Service Method, Rhett H. Johnson
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The USDA-Soil Conservation Service has responsibility for providing one-on-one conservation planning assistance with the private rangeland managers of over 160 million ha in the USA. This assistance is provided on voluntary basis at the request of the private land user through a local conservation district. Through SO years of experience, a successful planning process has evolved, known as the Ten Elements Of Conservation Planning. These elements are: (1) provide information, (2) request assistance, (3) develop resource inventories, (4) recognise problems and opportunities, (5) determine objectives, (6) develop and evaluate alternatives, (7) make decisions, (8) document decisions, (9) implement decisions, and …
Use Of Objective Planning Techniques In The Development Of Large Livestock Farm In New Zealand, K I. Lowe
Use Of Objective Planning Techniques In The Development Of Large Livestock Farm In New Zealand, K I. Lowe
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Limestone Downs is a sheep and beef cattle property of 3200 ha near Port Waikato, and provides funds for the C Alma Baker Trust for "the furtherance of the science of agriculture". A development programme slatted in 1981 transformed the farm from an extensive "station" into an intensive farming operation, lifting animal performance and financial returns. This followed the adoption of well-proven and relatively inexpensive modifications to management. Similar programmes should have realistic goals, and established decision rules with priorities. These should be supported by an appropriate monitoring programme and the use of objective data in decision making.
Interdisciplinary Research: A Vehicle For Meeting The Information Needs Of Grassland Producers, Robert O. Burton Jr, K P. Coffey, J L. Moyer, L W. Lomas, P T. Berends
Interdisciplinary Research: A Vehicle For Meeting The Information Needs Of Grassland Producers, Robert O. Burton Jr, K P. Coffey, J L. Moyer, L W. Lomas, P T. Berends
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Representing the major academic disciplines involved in grassland research • agronomy, animal science and agricultural economics the authors discuss the benefits and pitfalls of interdisciplinary research. Factors discouraging interdisciplinary research include: (1) discipline chauvinism, (2) the time and effort required for communications .and co-ordination, (3) inadequate credit for multiple authorship and (4) importance of disciplinary research. However, link among disciplines are necessary because clientele commercially producing forage need information integrating agronomy, animal science, economics and other disciplines. Benefits of interdisciplinary research are ( I) stimulating highly specialised scientists to plan, perform and interpret their research in the context of whole-farm …
Applied Scientific Concepts For Dairy Cows And Crops, J R. Rodgers
Applied Scientific Concepts For Dairy Cows And Crops, J R. Rodgers
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Prom a rural town to a dairy farm, from the halls of ivy to the smooth beauty of contour strips on the land: this paper is a practical application of science and technology transferred, through the life of the author, from the textbook to the bottom line of a financial report at year end. How this transfer of technologies (i.e. alfalfa, manure pits, computers, etc.) was used to develop the workable plan for my dairy farm operation will be addressed in detail in this presentation.
Extension Through The Landcare Movement In Australia's Pastoral Zone, B R. Roberts
Extension Through The Landcare Movement In Australia's Pastoral Zone, B R. Roberts
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The Landcare movement, presently based on over 1300 landholder committees nationwide, is potentially Australia's most significant popular movement ever. Its success largely depends on producers identifying with the movement and "owning" its objectives and programmes, Central to attainment of Landcare's goals is the support given by technical advisors, These advisors require a special understanding of group extension techniques, group dynamics and the subtleties of invisible leadership when appropriate. In the vast pastoral zone of Australia, where highly independent graziers operate very individualistically, the required group extension is a special challenge to committed advisory officers.
A Farmlet For Teaching Grazing Management, J T. Green, J P. Mueller, S P. Washburn
A Farmlet For Teaching Grazing Management, J T. Green, J P. Mueller, S P. Washburn
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The _objectives were to provide a practical production unit to train students and farm advisors and to maximise grazing, evaluate forage cultivars, document production data and utilise woodlot understorey. A year-round grazing unit was developed on a S.86 ha farmlec (70% temperate pasture; 24% subtropical pasture; 20% woods) for 22-30 ewes and their lambs, 6-8 dairy heifers, and 12-24 angora and meat goats. Farmlet N rate averaged 135 kg/ha/year with excess spring growth harvesced for winter feeding. Live-weight gain averaged 6S4 kg/ha/year. Lambs weaned/ewe exposed to ram, was 1,6 (mature) and 0.8 (yearling). Stocking rate for 3 years ranged from …
A Quality-Tested Hay Market Association In The South-Eastern Usa, Jimmy C. Henning, G D. Lacefield, B Sims
A Quality-Tested Hay Market Association In The South-Eastern Usa, Jimmy C. Henning, G D. Lacefield, B Sims
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A hay marketing association was formed in Kentucky in 1989 as a means of increasing farm income and ·10 hedge against the uncertain future of tobacco production. The Kentucky Pride Hay Grower's Association (KPHGA) was designed to work in concert· with a hay testing and inspection service operated by the Kentucky Department of Agriculture (KDA). This testing service used near• infrared reflectance (NIR) technology as well as a visual appraisal by trained hay inspectors. The association may sell hay only which had been tested and inspected by the KDA. The hay association is a non-profit organisation designed to market Kentucky …
Adopting New Technologies For Grazing Lands: The Role Of Decision Systems, John A. Ludwig, Steve Marsden
Adopting New Technologies For Grazing Lands: The Role Of Decision Systems, John A. Ludwig, Steve Marsden
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The management of Australia's arid and semi-arid grazing lands involves the consideration of many complex and interconnected issues related to both ecological and economic factors. Climates are highly variable across these lands and markets fluctuate widely; decision making is . difficult at the best of times, As new grazing and land management technologies become available through research organisations, such as CSIRO, the adoption of these technologies is a prime concern, Traditionally, State extension services provide this information to grazing land managers, which has proven effeclive for transferring information about current short-term problems (e,g,, locust plagues) and easy to apply products …
Applying "Farmer-First Research" In New Zealand, A F. Mcrae, F M. Anderson, R Brazendale
Applying "Farmer-First Research" In New Zealand, A F. Mcrae, F M. Anderson, R Brazendale
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The disciplinary orientation and other characteristics of traditional agricultural research may result in farmers' research needs not being central to the research proces·s. A Farmer-First Research programme (FFR) has been initiated to complement the traditional research approach. This programme involves collaboration with hill country sheep and beef farmers chosen at random from across the fuff range of farmer circumstances. It sets out to diagnose and describe where scope· exists to Improve farmers' circumstances, and lo design and test relevant innovations on-farm. In addition to seeking to improve research output for far1ners, the· programme has the objective of evaluating the Farmer-First …
Technology Transfer Strategies For Products Of Environmental Research And Development Projects, N D. Macleod, J A. Taylor, P.G H. Van Beek, P N. Vance
Technology Transfer Strategies For Products Of Environmental Research And Development Projects, N D. Macleod, J A. Taylor, P.G H. Van Beek, P N. Vance
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Potentially high net benefits from Research and Development on sustainable grazing systems will not be captured unless the outcomes are adopted. Adoption is a complex process, often requiring integration with other technologies, and specialised extension packages. Technology transfer strategies based on experiences with relatively simple innovations are unsuited to more complex environmental innovations, A 6-stage interactive process involving researchers, extension specialists and potential end-users is suggested.
Development Of Environmental And Agricultural Professionalism, Robert F. Barnes, Thomas J. Hall
Development Of Environmental And Agricultural Professionalism, Robert F. Barnes, Thomas J. Hall
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The American Society of Agronomy {ASA) is' co-ordinating the development of a \ioluritary certification programme for the men and women who··make nutrient management strategies for farmers .• This paper examines the need, "history and obstacles in developing a crop advisor certification programme. Past arid proposed state and national legislative initiatives have indicated to some industry leaders that certification programmes' will be needed ·to operate in the coming regulat6ry environment. Other members· of industry· feel chat voluntary certification will bring on mandated programmes, The' differences in outlook, the diversity of the audience and the academic orientation of ASA ·have all created …
Grazier's Pattern Of Understanding Vegetation In The Semi-Arid Rangelands Of New South Wales, S.M M. Kersten, R L. Ison
Grazier's Pattern Of Understanding Vegetation In The Semi-Arid Rangelands Of New South Wales, S.M M. Kersten, R L. Ison
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A matrix ranking (MR) technique was used by graziers in western New South Wales to rank rangeland plants according to preference. Graziers preferred a variety of plant species in their paddocks: "bushes" and "50f1 feed", perennials and annuals, winter-and summergrowing plants, on both stock-based and non-stock-based criteria, The criteria for evaluation were rarely independent of each other nor of different soil types on the grai:ier's property. Drought resistance was perceived as one of the more important criteria, followed by stock-based criteria such as "nutritious", "palatable" or "quick fattening" stock feed. The utility of MR for allowing graziers' knowledge to be …
Composition Of The Fractions Of Dry, Mature Subterranean Clover Digested In Vivo And In Vitro, L Klein, S K. Baker
Composition Of The Fractions Of Dry, Mature Subterranean Clover Digested In Vivo And In Vitro, L Klein, S K. Baker
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A modified pepsin-cellulase procedure was used to improve the prediction of in vivo digestibility of dry, mature subterranean clovers (Trifolium subterraneum). Feed, faeces, and the residues from this /11 vitro procedure and the i11 vitro procedure of Tilley & Terry were analysed for protein, ash and fibre fractions lo determine the composition of the cell-wall functions that were digested. The extent of digestion of the cell-wall fractions differed between the two in vitro procedures, but the cell-wall fraction that was digested contained similar proportions of cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and lignin. The cellulose and protein contents of the cell-wall digested …
Effect Of Plant Leaf Age On The Production Of Tannins, Phenols, Proanthocyanidins And Flavanols In Eulalia Villosa, M M. Wolfson, E W. Du Toit, P Chesselet
Effect Of Plant Leaf Age On The Production Of Tannins, Phenols, Proanthocyanidins And Flavanols In Eulalia Villosa, M M. Wolfson, E W. Du Toit, P Chesselet
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Histochemical and biochemical analyses have confirmed the presence of condensed tannins in a number of southern African tropical grasses. The ability to precipitate proteins, total phenols, condensed tannin and proanthocyanidin levels were significantly higher in mature leaves of Eulalia villosa than in young leaves. The ratio of condensed tannin to Jlavan 3,4-diols indicated that the young leaf material contained more monomeric unpolymerised flavan 3,4-diol units than mature leaves. The trend is repeated in the ratio 'of proanthocyanidin to flavan-4-ols, These low molecular weight proanthocyanidin precursors probably do not have the ability to precipitate proteins, The histochemical tests can be used …
Effect Of Inoculants And Absorbents Incorporated In Grass Silage On Silage Quality, Effluent Production And Animal Performance, Raymond Jones
Effect Of Inoculants And Absorbents Incorporated In Grass Silage On Silage Quality, Effluent Production And Animal Performance, Raymond Jones
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Unwilled ryegrass crops (151 kg DM) were enslled in 70-t bunker silos. Crop analysis (g/kg/DM) was water-soluble carbohydrates 153, nitrogen 24.1 and predicted digestibility (DOMD) 0.67. Molassed sugar beet feed pellets were incorporated at a rate of 25 kg/t in the harvested crop with or without inoculant treatment ("Live Systems", MMB, UK), and compared with a control silage with no additive. Absorbent addition with or without inoculant significantly reduced silage pH and ammonia-N compared with the control. Inoculant treatment further increased lactic acid content. Silage effluent production was reduced by up to 33% by absorbent inclusion with effluent DM losses …
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis Of The Nutrient Content Of Dairy Pastures, R C. Kellaway, C Stimson, R J. Tassell
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis Of The Nutrient Content Of Dairy Pastures, R C. Kellaway, C Stimson, R J. Tassell
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Pasture samples from temperate and tropical species were collected before and after grazing, at regular intervals, on 3 dairy farms in New South Wales over a period of 3 years. All samples (n=693) were analysed on a near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer with a scanning monochromator. Subsets of samples selected for calibration and validation, were analysed by wet chemistry methods for estimated metabolisable energy (MID), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), acid-detergent fibre (ADF), Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, S, Cu, Mn and Zn. These data were used lo develop NIR equations using partial least squares analyses. Standard errors of laboratory analysis …
Influence Of Oxygen Leakage Through Stretch Film On Quality Of Round Bale Silage, P Lingvall, C M. Pettersson, P Wilhelmsson
Influence Of Oxygen Leakage Through Stretch Film On Quality Of Round Bale Silage, P Lingvall, C M. Pettersson, P Wilhelmsson
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The ensiling-process is based on anaerobic conditions. Therefore, it is important to get "air tight" parcels covering big-bale silage. Wrapping round bales wilh stretch film has improved silage quality, and reduced diy matter (OM) and energy losses. In this experiment we studied the influence of stretch film quality, film thickness, .storage temperature and storage place on fermentation, microbial growth/ and DM losses. Additionally, oxygen permeability of stretch film wrapped in 4 or 6 layers around artificial bales (metal) and DM losses was tested In a model. High storage temperature, low total film thickness and high film permeability to oxygen increased …
Exploring Intraplate Seismicity In The Midwest, Alexa Fernández
Exploring Intraplate Seismicity In The Midwest, Alexa Fernández
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Intraplate seismicity represents a notable occurrence within the stable North American Craton. This research explores the potential sources of stresses that could reactivate older faults and influence seismic activity within this region. Among these sources, the enduring impact of the last glacial period is considered, which includes continued glacial isostatic adjustments (GIA). During GIA the lithosphere rebounds due to the retreating ice, and the forebulge caused by far-field flexure in response to the glacial load, collapses. This results in significant faulting, fracturing, and seismic activity associated with the deglaciation phase. The adjustment of the lithosphere manifests as both near surface …
Rock Wall Fracturing As A Potential Control On River Valley Width In The Buffalo National River, Arkansas, Kindle Hon
Rock Wall Fracturing As A Potential Control On River Valley Width In The Buffalo National River, Arkansas, Kindle Hon
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Quantifying bedrock properties that control the persistence of fallen rock material (talus) along bedrock walls bounding river valleys may be a key factor in understanding what controls the rate at which these river valleys widen. My work is a component of a collaborative research project focused on the overarching hypothesis that the persistence vs. erodibility of talus that buffers river valley walls can be a first-order control on valley widening rates. I hypothesize that the primary control for creating erodible or persistent talus is the fracture spacing of bedrock valley walls as it sets the maximum block size of collapsed …
Struvite Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Flood- And Furrow-Irrigated Rice In The Greenhouse, Chandler Arel
Struvite Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Flood- And Furrow-Irrigated Rice In The Greenhouse, Chandler Arel
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Over time, as the influences of climate-change and declining, mineable, global phosphorus (P) reserves begin to impact agricultural production systems, alternative fertilizer sources and management practices, such as struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) and furrow-irrigation, will be necessary to accommodate nutrient and water demands. The precipitation and use of struvite as a fertilizer-P source could reduce environmental damages caused by nutrient-rich wastewater streams, supplement domestic P supply, and improve the sustainability of flood-, and furrow-irrigated rice production by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The study of struvite from both chemical and electrochemical precipitation processes is well documented, but currently there is a …