Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Aircraft Engines And Large Flocking Birds, Richard Parker

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

This paper will present a summary of the results of the ARAC (engine) Bird Ingestion Phase II rule making effort. The effort was to evaluate the hazard to transport category aircraft, of large flocking birds, and to revise the engine certification requirements as appropriate. The paper will discuss the revision to engine certification requirements. It will also discuss the recommendation of the task group regarding the importance of continuing effort for bird control at the airport.

Potential Of Grass-Endophytes As A Bird Deterrent: Concept Testing With Canada Geese, Chris G. L. Pennell, Phil Rolston

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Problems caused by birds in the agricultural, horticultural, recreational and the aviation industries are escalating world wide as man develops environments that are attractive to birds. Chemical repellents, bird scarers, and exclusion netting are being used to keep birds away by taste, fright and containment. Habitat management using grasses with selected endophytes may be a new tool for minimizing bird nuisance problems in these industries. Canada geese (Branta Canadensis) were offered selected ryegrass/endophyte Neotyphodium lolli seed and herbage to examine the effects of known endophyte alkaloids on their feeding behavior in 2000-2001. Forty geese were captured annually, contained …

Aspects Of The Feeding Ecology Of Avifauna At An Inland Airport, South Africa, Ordino Kok, Lettie Kok

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Bloemfontein airport, situated in the central Free State, experiences the greatest number of bird-aircraft collisions at South African airports, relative to its (low) air traffic. In an attempt to rectify the situation, aspects of the feeding ecology of birds presenting a potential hazard at the airport were investigated. Plant surveys indicated that the study area can be classified as a dry Cymbopogon – Themeda veld type in a relatively good condition. Using 270 pitfall traps over a continuous period of 15 months, it was established that more than twice as many ground-living invertebrates, mainly insects, occurred in grass kept permanently …

Assessing Bird Strike Hazards In Coastal Wetlands Through Field Experiments, John Ledbetter, John Gray

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Santa Barbara Municipal Airport (SBA) is located in and adjacent to Goleta Slough, a large coastal salt marsh with limited tidal circulation. Various government and non-government agencies are pursuing a long-term project to restore the historic tidal circulation to the slough to improve ecological conditions. SBA recently completed a study to assess feasibility of conducting a controlled field experiment in the slough to evaluate the relationship between bird strike hazards and the presence of tidal and non-tidal wetlands near the airfield. The study indicated that a limited field experiment, in which new estuarine marsh areas are temporarily restored, would provide …

A Paradigm Shift In Bird Strike Prevention By The Israeli Air Force, Nicholas B. Carter, Eyal Cohen

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Over the past 20 years, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) has focused attention in bird strike prevention on collisions between aircraft and migrating birds during low-level flight operations. Only in the last 2 years has the IAF begun to tackle the problem of reducing bird-aircraft collisions at or near airfields. A dramatic shift in thinking has led the IAF to initiate complete wildlife control programs at its airbases, featuring the employment of border collies and wildlife control officers to help eliminate the risk of wildlife collisions within the control zone (CTR) of each airfield. As a crucial component of this …

Translocating Common Nighthawks At Mcconnell Air Force Base, Kansas To Reduce Aircraft Strikes, John L. Cummings, Patricia A. Pochop, James E. Davis, Darryl L. York

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

McConnell Air Force Base (MAFB) experiences a unique bird/aircraft hazard problem with migrating common nighthawks (Chordeiles minor) from August-October. Nighthawks are the most commonly struck species at MAFB, representing about 38% of total reported bird/aircraft strikes and 82% of the strikes from August-October. Factors that contribute to an over abundance of nighthawks on MAFB are: abundant foraging opportunities in close proximity to the airfield, available roosting habitat for nighthawks on and around the airfield, the lack of a Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard program to address nighthawks, and the location of MAFB on a nighthawk migration route. Approaches for …

A Small Pond Off-Airfield Provides More Than Water, Nigel Horton

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Land use changes around aerodromes are becoming more problematical as conservation groups increasingly press for eco-friendly restorations, especially of water areas. Often the requirement is to encourage insects or plants or recreational use of such areas. However, these same beneficial features for biodiversity, can enhance the already considerable off-airfield bird attraction. A single case study illustrates the slow, generally unnoticed, development of a small water feature as an attraction to increasing numbers of birds and species over a period of about 10 years. This and a second study reveal how a "must feed the birds" mentality influences local bird populations. …

Automated Haze Systems With Methyl Anthranilate Eliminate Nuisance Birds In Aviation Hangars, Warehouses, Airports, Bruce E. Vergote

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Automated haze systems (The BirdHazer) combined with Methyl Anthranilate (MA) is proven effective and cost efficient as an application method for eliminating nuisance birds in aviation hangars, warehouses, and airport facilities. Proper placement of the BirdHazer system which is based on air flow circulation allows to deliver a clean, dry haze, producing a mean droplet diameter size of 5 microns , which also eliminates the possibility of permeation and any settled residue. Three preliminary test studies were successfully completed at 2 dairy barn locations, and a salt storage warehouse. The fourth testing site was conducted at a maintenance hangar at …

Responses Of Captive Birds To Candidate Perching Deterrents On Faa Llwas Units, Michael L. Avery, Ann C. Genchi

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Successful operation of the FAA’s Low-Level Windshear Alert System (LLWAS) depends largely on birds not perching on the wind-sensing units which are installed atop poles 40-45 m tall. Because new LLWAS units will be erected at airports throughout North America, anti- perching devices must deter numerous avian species ranging widely in body size and behavioral pattern. To determine the most promising devices, we conducted pen trials with brown-headed cowbirds, fish crows, barred owls, great horned-owls and black vultures. Birds were given free access to an unmodified sensor unit mounted on a tripod for 24 hours, during which the only alternative …

Evaluation Of Electrobraid Fencing As A Deer Barrier, Thomas W. Seamans, Zachary J. Patton, Kurt .. Vercauteren

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Increasing white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations in North America have lead to direct threats to public safety as well as agricultural losses. Fencing is often used to keep deer from causing damage at both airports and agricultural areas. Tall, chain-link fences have been used successfully but are often prohibitively expensive. Electric fences have potential to offer a less expensive alternative. We tested a new electric fence design marketed under the name ElectroBraid. This fence, comprised of 0.6-cm polyester rope with copper wire woven into it, is carried on frangible, fiberglass posts set at 15-m intervals. From January to …

“Birdstrike” – What’S The Word? (Poster), Carla Dove

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

The word(s) “bird strike”, “bird-strike”, or “birdstrike” has been used inconsistently throughout the literature for as long as birds have been colliding with aircraft. A recent search of peer-reviewed articles in the Zoological Record and Biological Abstracts dating back to 1969 resulted in 52 articles that pertained to bird-aircraft collisions. Of those, 67% used two words (bird strike); 22% used a hyphenated word (bird-strike); 5.5% used one word (birdstrike), and 5.5% actually used both two words and the hyphenated version in the same paper! A brief glance through the proceedings and abstracts of recent Bird Strike Committee Meetings also exemplifies …

Birdstrike Identification (Poster), Carla Dove

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Identification of feather evidence retrieved from birdstrikes provides essential information that allows airfield managers, engineers, pilots and government agencies to work together to prevent damaging birdstrikes. Knowing the identity of the birds that are causing problems is the first step in formulating a plan to discourage birds from interfering with aviation safety. The feather identification process is complex and involves cleaning feather material, microscopic examination, and whole feather comparisons with specimens in a museum collection. This poster presents the feather identification technique and provides information to various agencies on how and where to send birdstrike remains for identification.

Conducting An Economical Wildlife Hazard Assessment Using A Wildlife Incursion Log (Poster), Elizabeth Rogers, David Tiller

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Small and moderate-sized airports face increasing financial constraints. A need for a wildlife hazard assessment can represent a real financial hardship. We describe how a wildlife incursion log maintained by airport personnel can provide an economical means of assessing wildlife hazards in a rural landscape. Using such a log with records for 208 days, we created a relational database that could be analyzed with simple summary statistics. Using the incursion log, we examined seasonal shifts in average daily incursions (such as increased sandhill cranes in the spring), persistent year- round presence of some species (such as American crow), and the …

Environmental Analysis Of Wildlife Hazard Management Programs: Application Of Nepa And Possible Consequences For Implementing New Plans (Poster), Ken Wallace

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

The operating certificate required for airports that accommodate commercial-service air carriers stipulates that the airports be able to conduct safe operations, pursuant to the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. Under Federal Aviation Regulation Part 139, most airports must prepare and implement a wildlife hazard management plan (WHMP) as part of the certification process. Required components of the WHMP include the priorities for needed habitat modification and changes in land use as a result of those modifications. Because habitat modification is often a relatively permanent procedure to reduce wildlife use of airports, it is a preferred method by airport operators for …

Successful Use Of Alarm/Alert Call Playback To End Canada Goose Problems At An Ohio Business Park (Poster), Philip C. Whitford

2002 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, 4th Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA

Burgeoning continental resident Canada goose populations have led to increases in aircraft strikes. Once on or near airfields, geese have proven difficult to move and keep away. Playback of naturally recorded alarm and alert calls of the species was coupled with multiple harassment techniques to determine if this strategy would prove effective at removal of long-term resident geese from a 24-ha business park in Dayton, Ohio. The study began 26 February 2002, following territorial establishment by the geese, and continued until the last few geese had abandoned the property as of 14 May 2002. Most geese present were reusing nest …

Likwidacja Strefy Ochronnej Huty Katowice I Zakładów Koksowniczych "Przyjaźń" W Dąbrowie Górniczej, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

Legislation changes in Poland concerning the protective zones (created around industrial plants particularly harmful to the environment) were presented in the paper. Conditions connected with forming, developing and partial elimination of the protective zone existing around the "Katowice" steelworks and the coke plant Przyjaźń in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland) since 1978 were characterized as well.

English title: Elimination of the protective zone of the Katowice steelworks and the coke plant Przyjaźń in Dąbrowa Górnicza.

Scwds Briefs: Volume 18, Number 3 (October 2002)

Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study: Publications

• Chronic Wasting Disease Update: Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Colorado; National CWD Management – USDA & USDI National Plan for Assisting States, Federal Agencies, and Tribes in Managing Chronic Wasting Disease in Free-ranging and Captive Cervids
• West Nile virus (WNV) reaches the Pacific coast
• West Nile Virus in Blue Jays
• Idaho Brucellosis Linked to Wildlife: All of the epidemiological and laboratory information clearly indicates that brucellosis-infected elk transmitted the disease to the cattle herd.
• Tularemia caused a die-off of captured wild prairie dogs this summer at a Texas commercial exotic animal facility that distributes the animals …

Scwds Briefs: Volume 18, Number 2 (July 2002)

Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study: Publications

• Chronic wasting disease (CWD) recently has been identified in more free-ranging and captive cervids at additional locations in New Mexico, Wisconsin, and Colorado.
• An outbreak of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus apparently has been contained in domestic poultry in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.
• West Nile Virus Continues to Spread
• Update on Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Wildlife
• The accurate diagnosis of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in white-tailed deer
• In June of 2002, the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund made a contribution to help support SCWDS' continuing investigations of avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM).
• …

Creep And Creep-Recovery Models For Wood Under High Stress Levels, Zhiyong Cai, Kenneth J. Fridley, Michael O. Hunt, David V. Rosowsky

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Forty small clear southern pine specimens were loaded under third-point bending to examine creep and creep-recovery behavior for wood under high stress levels. Stress levels of between 69% and 91% of the predicted static strength were applied for 23 h with 1 h allowed for recovery, and the resulting deflection vs. time behavior was studied. The experimental creep and creep-recovery behavior was modeled using modified power law functions. The results indicate that these functions provide the best fit to both primary and secondary experimental data. The empirical models can be used to simulate the viscoelastic behavior of wood under high …

Weryfikacja Emisji Pyłowej Z Huty Katowice I Zasięgu Jej Oddziaływania, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Agnieszka Łopata

Robert Oleniacz

Preliminary analysis of the results of atmospheric dispersion modeling for dust emission from the Katowice Steelworks (Poland) showed necessity of verification the particulate matter, lead and cadmium emission from the plant. The verification was limited to the substance emission sources influencing air pollution to the largest extent. Both scale of dust emission and its granulometric and chemical composition were re-evaluated. Further calculations of the air propagation for the pollutants were carried out and calculation results were compared with direct measurements. Thus the Katowice Steelworks impact on air quality and the level of total dust, lead and cadmium ground deposition was …

Fisheries Envrionmental Management Plan For The Gascoyne Region. Draft Report., Dept. Of Fisheries

Fisheries management papers

This draft document for the Gascoyne Region is the first in the series of Environmental Management Plans. . It complements the recently released Fisheries Environmental Management Review of the Gascoyne Region (2000).

Roundtable Series On Innovative Approaches To Land Conservation And Smart Growth, New England Environmental Finance Center

Smart Growth

A series of six roundtable discussions was conducted by the New England Environmental Finance Center (NE/EFC) from January through May 2002, one in each New England state. The objectives of the series were to consolidate expertise in financing and coordinating projects that combine conservation and development on the landscape, and to identify key areas of unmet need that could be addressed by the NE/EFC. Each discussion entailed several case study presentations and facilitated discussion about what works, what doesn’t work, and what might work in financing and coordinating efforts that combine conservation and development. Key areas of opportunity that emerged …

Transport Of The Herbicide Atrazine On Suspended Sediments During A Spring Storm Event In Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Michael Anderson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study examines the transport of atrazine, an herbicide used in Kentucky to control grassy and broad-leaf weeds in corn fields, on suspended sediments. Atrazine is a known carcinogen and endocrine disruptor and has been shown to be toxic at low environmental concentrations. Atrazine has the capacity to adsorb to soil particles, which in karst areas such as those found in south central Kentucky can be transported directly into the groundwater. Suspended sediments and water were collected from a well at the Hawkins River in Mammoth Cave National Park during a spring storm and tested for atrazine. Atrazine was found …

Scwds Briefs: Volume 18, Number 1 (April 2002) -- Special Cwd Issue

Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study: Publications

SPECIAL CWD ISSUE

• Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
• TSEs of Domestic Animals and Humans
• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
• Chronic Wasting Disease 101
• CWD Epidemiology
• CWD Diagnosis
• CWD Surveillance, Doing the Numbers
• CWD Management
• CWD in Captive Cervids
• CWD in Wild Deer and Elk
• Public Health Concerns About CWD

Fisheries Research Report No. 134, Vol 1 - Towards An Assessment Of The Natural And Human Use Impacts On The Marine Environment Of The Abrolhos Islands, F J. Webster, C J. Dibden, C F. Chubb

Fisheries research reports

The State Territorial Waters surrounding the Abrolhos Islands are gazetted as a Fish Habitat Protection Area and vested with the Minister for Fisheries under the Fish Resources Management Act 1994. Three Fisheries Management Papers have identified management priorities for the marine environment at the Abrolhos Islands:

• Management of the Houtman Abrolhos System
• Aquaculture Plan for the Houtman Abrolhos Islands
• Sustainable Tourism Plan for the Houtman Abrolhos Islands.

These plans and other national and international obligations to examine the effect of extractive and non-extractive anthropogenic activities on marine habitats (eg. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) led to …

An Economic Analysis Of The Arsenic Standard On Nevada, Jill S. Dale

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In 2001, the arsenic standard for drinking water was lowered from 50 parts per billion to 10 parts per billion. The clean-up costs for Nevada are estimated at approximately 400 million dollars. The purpose of this project is to examine the economic impacts the State of Nevada will absorb as a result of the new regulation. Research of historical data will be the basis for the project. National data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and data collected from the State of Nevada will be accompanied by comparable research data found through other sources

Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2002 Annual Report

Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery: Annual Reports

Wolves (Canis lupus) in the Northern Rocky Mountain states (Idaho, Montana and Wyoming) continue to increase in distribution and numbers (Figures 1, 5). Estimates of wolf numbers at the end of 2002 were 284 wolves in the Central Idaho Recovery Area, 271 in the Greater Yellowstone Recovery Area, and 108 in the Northwest Montana Recovery Area for a total of 663 (Figure 1, Table 4a). By state boundaries, there were an estimated 263 wolves in the state of Idaho, 217 in Wyoming and 183 in Montana (Table 4b). Of approximately 80 groups of two or more wolves, 43 …

Smart Growth And Land Acquisition Priorities, New England Environmental Finance Center

Land Conservation

It is well-known and generally accepted that all undeveloped land in New England cannot forever be protected from development; nor would this be a desirable goal, as continued economic development and population growth are near certainties. For these and other reasons, private land trusts and government agencies generally use explicit criteria to prioritize their land acquisition activities and prospects.

Much land protection in New England and elsewhere, however, has occurred without substantial attention to such land use needs as fostering the best locations for where people will live, businesses will locate, and infrastructure will be built to avoid degrading resources. …

Inside Unlv, Diane Russell, Betty Blodgett, Richard Jensen, Cate Weeks

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2001 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

Thirty-nine oyster populations were surveyed for disease in fall 2001. Perkinsus marinus was found in all areas sampled and prevalence exceeded 90% at all but 5 sample locations. In the James River P. marinus prevalence ranged from 88-100% at Deepwater Shoal, Horsehead Rock, Point of Shoals, Wreck Shoal, Mulberry Point, Swash, Long Shoal, and Dry Shoal. A lower prevalence was observed down river at Thomas Rock, 72%, and at Nansemond Ridge, 12%. The extremely low prevalence at Nansemond Ridge is likely age and density related; the oyster population was primarily comprised of spat; few small to market oysters were present …