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Articles 5191 - 5220 of 6879

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A Management Information System For The Control Of Pest Animals And Plants In Victoria, Australia, James K. Backholer, David W.A. Lane, Eric A. Ward Mar 1990

A Management Information System For The Control Of Pest Animals And Plants In Victoria, Australia, James K. Backholer, David W.A. Lane, Eric A. Ward

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The State Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands (CFL) administers legislation relating to the management of pest animals and plants throughout Victoria. CFL conducts control work on public land and assists landholders with programs on freehold land. To provide an information base for the management of CFL's pest control programs, the Pest Management Information System (PMIS) was developed. The PMIS captures descriptions of pest infestations, details of planned and actual treatments, and evaluations of treatments. The first version of the PMIS, developed for microcomputers, was released in 1987 and underwent minor revision during 1988 in the light of field experience. …

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Native Heteromyid Rodents As Pests Of Commercial Jojoba, Rex O. Baker Mar 1990

Native Heteromyid Rodents As Pests Of Commercial Jojoba, Rex O. Baker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

After crop losses of 5 to 60% were noted on two 500-acre Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plantings in a desert area of southern California, a study was conducted to identify the animals responsible. Various population census and pestidentification techniques were utilized. Four native rodents of the Heteromyid family, not previously known to be pests of Jojoba, were found to be present in sufficiently high numbers to cause severe economic crop loss. The Bailey's pocket mouse (Perognathus baileyi) was the only rodent previously known to survive on Jojoba beans as a food source. A natural chemical, cyanogenic glucoside, …

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Plague In The U.S.: Present And Future, Allan M. Barnes Mar 1990

Plague In The U.S.: Present And Future, Allan M. Barnes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

An increasing trend in the frequency of human bubonic plague cases in the United States, the principal sources of human infection, and emerging control techniques are described. Development of an integrated control program involving public health education, citizen participation in plague surveillance, and insecticidal control of flea vectors in response to evidence of plague and potential human exposure substantially reduced human plague cases in a Bernalillo County, New Mexico, hyperendemic plague area. Permethrin 0.5% dust (Pyraperm 455) applied at a rate of 7 g per burrow was found to provide effective control of flea vectors for at least 6 weeks.

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Lamb Predation In Patagonian Ranches, J. Bellati, J. Von Thungen Mar 1990

Lamb Predation In Patagonian Ranches, J. Bellati, J. Von Thungen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Lamb predation in Patagonia, Argentina, is considered by ranchers as the cause of one of their greatest losses and limits sheep production. Patagonian red fox (Dusicyon culpaeus) is the main predator and the magnitude of the problem reflects its distribution and abundance. Since 1979, the Bariloche Experimental Station of the Instituto Nacional de Technologia Agropecuaria (INTA) has performed 8 studies, totaling 1,717 lamb necropsies, with the purpose of determining the relative importance of predation and other causes of lamb mortality. This paper analyzes the causes of lamb mortality, with special reference to red fox and carnivorous bird predation. …

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Development, Use, And Benefits Of The Animal Damage Control Management Information System, Darlene G. Blaney Mar 1990

Development, Use, And Benefits Of The Animal Damage Control Management Information System, Darlene G. Blaney

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Animal Damage Control (ADC) Management Information System (MIS) is in the process of being updated to a relational database format on an IBM-compatible microcomputer. The background of the MIS, the development process, the information that is collected, how the information is used by program managers, and the cost benefits of the automated system are addressed.

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Animal Damage Problems And Control Activities On National Forest System Lands, John E. Borrecco, Hugh C. Black Mar 1990

Animal Damage Problems And Control Activities On National Forest System Lands, John E. Borrecco, Hugh C. Black

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

A questionnaire survey of the National Forests in 1988 indicated that animal damage control (ADC) was conducted on 208,000 acres of reforestation and older stands, nearly all in the West, at a cost of about $9 million. Sixty-two percent of the total acreage treated, or 128,600 acres, and 49 percent of the ADC costs, or $4.3 million, was in the Pacific Northwest Region (Oregon and Washington). Most of the forests in all regions of the Forest Service, except Alaska, rated animal damage to reforestation and older stands as very important or moderately important. One-third of the forests rated damage as …

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Closing Remarks For The Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, John E. Borrecco Mar 1990

Closing Remarks For The Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, John E. Borrecco

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)


This concludes the 14th Vertebrate Pest Conference. Before my closing remarks, let us acknowledge the excellent job done by our session chairpersons and speakers.

For your information, we had 345 people registered at the conference, representing 37 states and 11 other countries.

I first attended the Vertebrate Pest Conference some 14 years ago at the 7th Conference. At that time I was impressed with the breadth of subjects presented, the international scope, the professional exchange of information, and the opportunity to meet noted experts in vertebrate pest control. Since that meeting, I have always looked forward to the next conference …

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Day-Glo® Fluorescent Particles As A Marker For Use In M-44 Cyanide Capsules, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly, Peter J. Savarie Mar 1990

Day-Glo® Fluorescent Particles As A Marker For Use In M-44 Cyanide Capsules, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly, Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Tracerite®, the chemical marker used in M-44 cyanide capsules, contains cadmium which the Environmental Protection Agency identified as an inert ingredient of toxicological concern. An alternative nontoxic marker was identified and tested. In a weathering test, capsules with Day-Glo® performed as well as those containing Tracerite, and presence of potassium chloride in the capsules did not improve capsule function. Day-Glo was further tested by allowing captive coyotes to discharge M-44s containing sodium cyanide and various colors of Day-Glo. Twelve of 13 coyotes that died or were euthanized soon after recovering from sublethal doses had obvious marks in their mouths for …

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Predator Control For The Protection Of Endangered Species In California, Peter H. Butchko Mar 1990

Predator Control For The Protection Of Endangered Species In California, Peter H. Butchko

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

In recent years, wildlife agencies in California have concluded that predators are limiting factors to the recovery of several endangered species, namely the San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica), California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni). and desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizii). As a result, separate control programs for the protection of these species have been undertaken by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC) in cooperation with State and Federal agencies. Aspects of control activities of avian and/or mammalian predators of each project are discussed.

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Communal Starling Roosts: Implications For Control, Donald F. Caccamise Mar 1990

Communal Starling Roosts: Implications For Control, Donald F. Caccamise

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Roosting behavior is common to most avian pests of agriculture. Movements from highly aggregated distributions in roosts to highly dispersed distributions on foraging grounds determine pattern and severity of avian pest problems. This research seeks an understanding of how roosting behavior influences the dispersion of avian agricultural pests and the damage they cause. My focus is on why birds form communal roosts and how communal roosting influences the selection of foraging sites. I document patterns of roosting behavior in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) through population level studies, followed by analysis of individual behavior using radio telemetry. Starlings maintain …

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Crop Damage By Overabundant Populations Of Nilgai And Blackbuck In Haryana (India) And Its Management, N.P.S. Chauhan, Ramveer Singh Mar 1990

Crop Damage By Overabundant Populations Of Nilgai And Blackbuck In Haryana (India) And Its Management, N.P.S. Chauhan, Ramveer Singh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)


In India, as in other countries, problems associated with locally overabundant wildlife species have emerged as important management issues for reason of some species losing their natural habitat but adapting themselves to the manaltered habitats. Consequently, there is a clash with the interests of local people. Crop-raiding by locally overabundant wild populations of nilgai and blackbuck in Haryana is one such problem analyzed in this paper. Nilgai causes extensive damage to agricultural crops; among these, gram, wheat seedlings and moong are the most preferred ones. Blackbuck nibble mainly on young shoots of various cereal and pulse crops and the damage …

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Planning Rodent Control For Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel Project, Bruce A. Colvin, A. Daniel Ashton, Wellard G. Mccartney, William B. Jackson Mar 1990

Planning Rodent Control For Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel Project, Bruce A. Colvin, A. Daniel Ashton, Wellard G. Mccartney, William B. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

A comprehensive rodent control program is being planned for a $4.4 billion highway-construction project in Boston, MA This IPM program will include broad participation by project personnel, city and state agencies, and community groups. Surveys, public education, and sanitation improvements will begin more than a year before construction; baiting will begin approximately 3 months before construction. All control activities will be maintained until construction is complete. Mitigation of community impacts during construction projects is a growing concern, and improved approaches to construction-related rodent control are needed.

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Conference Participants Mar 1990

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The number of registered attendees was 359. The participants came from 33 states, the District of Columbia, and from 12 other countries. The wide representation from the United States and countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the Conference by providing a highly knowledgeable and diversified group for the exchange of research progress, new ideas, and information on a wide range of vertebrate pest topics.

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Efficacy Of Compound 1080 Livestock Protection Collars For Killing Coyotes That Attack Sheep, Guy Connolly, Richard J. Burns Mar 1990

Efficacy Of Compound 1080 Livestock Protection Collars For Killing Coyotes That Attack Sheep, Guy Connolly, Richard J. Burns

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)


Efficacy of Compound 1080 LP Collars was studied under pen and field conditions. Coyotes poisoned themselves by attacking collared sheep and biting the collars. In 54 pen tests where 1 or 2 captive coyotes had opportunity to attack 1 collared lamb, 41 lambs were attacked and 26 collars were punctured. Of 25 different coyotes offered lambs with collars containing 5 or 10 mg sodium fluoroacetate (FAC)/ml, 23 coyotes attacked and 21 died after collars were punctured in their first (n = 17), second (n = 3), or fifth (n = 1) test. For 11 captive coyotes that punctured rubber collars, …

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The Use Of Dogs And Calls To Take Coyotes Around Dens And Resting Areas, Craig Coolahan Mar 1990

The Use Of Dogs And Calls To Take Coyotes Around Dens And Resting Areas, Craig Coolahan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The use of dogs and calls to take coyotes (Canis latrans) around dens and resting areas has been used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative Animal Damage Control program for many years. This technique, when properly employed, is highly selective, humane, and very effective. In more remote, inaccessible areas it is one of the most cost-effective control methods currently available. Current and future public sentiment, as expressed in Legislative mandate, may oblige ADC to depend on methods perceived as more humane and selective. Dogs may become a more important control tool in the not-so- distant future. This …

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Plant Secondary Compounds–A Basis For New Avian Repellents, D.R. Crocker Mar 1990

Plant Secondary Compounds–A Basis For New Avian Repellents, D.R. Crocker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Bird repellents that are effective have tended to be toxic, while those that are relatively nontoxic have tended to be ineffective. There is a need for repellents that work well and safely. Interest has focused on the natural chemical defenses used by plants to defend themselves from herbivores. Preferences of bullfinches in orchards for different pear cultivars were correlated with biochemical differences between cultivars. A class of plant secondary compounds has been isolated and shown to be physiologically active against bullfinch and pigeon gut enzymes, and also to deter feeding in the laboratory. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms responsible for …

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An Evaluation Of Drc-2698 Treated Baits For Reducing Blackbird Populations Associated With Sunflower Damage, John L. Cummings, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham Mar 1990

An Evaluation Of Drc-2698 Treated Baits For Reducing Blackbird Populations Associated With Sunflower Damage, John L. Cummings, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)


From 30 August to 18 September 1985, sunflower and corn mixed baits (75% sunflower meats and 25% cracked corn) treated with 1.50% CAT, (N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)acetamide) were evaluated for reducing blackbird populations near Churchs Ferry, North Dakota. Baits were applied on baiting lanes in sunflower fields with an electric seeder mounted on an all-terrain cycle. Three noncommercial (decoy) sunflower fields were baited with CAT-treated baits diluted 1:9 with similar mixture of untreated bait at a rate of 50 lbs/lane acre (9.3 total treated acres). Based on total bait consumption, the estimate of blackbirds killed by the CAT treatment ranged from 13,266 to …

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Opening Remarks--Fourteenth Pest Conference, Lewis R. Davis Mar 1990

Opening Remarks--Fourteenth Pest Conference, Lewis R. Davis

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)


Good morning. On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council, I welcome you to the 14th Vertebrate Pest Conference.

I am Lew Davis and will be serving as your chairman for this conference. I am rather “a new kid on the block” as this is only the 10th conference I have attended. As chairman, one of the few responsibilities I have is to present the opening remarks. Looking back at past opening remarks, I have found them to be short and not too philosophical except I did research back into the records of time and looked at the proceedings of the …

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Reducing Blackbird Damage To Newly Planted Rice With A Nontoxic Clay-Based Seed Coating, David G. Decker, Michael L. Avery, M. O. Way Mar 1990

Reducing Blackbird Damage To Newly Planted Rice With A Nontoxic Clay-Based Seed Coating, David G. Decker, Michael L. Avery, M. O. Way

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

At 3 sites in Chambers County, Texas, the estimated sprout loss in 1-ac plots sown with clay-coated rice seed averaged 17.0% compared to 36.5% in adjacent 1-ac control plots. In one field, bird use of the control plot was 14 times that of the treated plot. Average feeding rates of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were 1.5 seeds/min and 8.4 seeds/min in the treated and control plots, respectively. Roadside counts of territorial male redwings and evening flightline counts of birds going to roost indicated a depredating population consisting mainly of nonbreeding, roosting birds early in April with increasing proportions …

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Bromethalin Toxicosis-Evaluation Of Aminophylline Treatment And An Epidemiologic Assessment, David C. Dorman, Alan J. Parker, William B. Buck Mar 1990

Bromethalin Toxicosis-Evaluation Of Aminophylline Treatment And An Epidemiologic Assessment, David C. Dorman, Alan J. Parker, William B. Buck

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The reported LD50 for technical grade bromethalin ranges from 1.8 mg/kg in the cat, 4.7 mg/kg in the dog, and 13 mg/kg in rabbits, and up to >1000 mg/kg in guinea pigs (VanLier and Ottosen 1981, VanLier and Cherry 1988). Mitochondrial electron transport studies using purified rat brain and liver mitochondria have been performed, and have established that bromethalin is an effective uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (VanLier and Ottosen 1981, Cherry et al. 1982, VanLier and Cherry 1988). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the major mechanism for production of ATP in the brain. Uncoupling of this reaction in bromethalin-poisoned animals …

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The Development Of A Policy For The Management Of Dingo Populations In South Australia, R.J. Downward, J.E. Bromell Mar 1990

The Development Of A Policy For The Management Of Dingo Populations In South Australia, R.J. Downward, J.E. Bromell

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Competing concerns between conservation and sheep-growing interests in South Australia over problems associated with the naturalized dog,Canis familiaris dingo, prompted the development of a policy for the management of this subspecies. The background to the development of this policy is outlined. The policy provides for a compromise between the need to protect the livestock industry while ensuring the continued survival of the dingo as a wildlife species.

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A Comparison Of Three Traps For Removal Of Columbian Ground Squirrels, W. Daniel Edge, Sally L. Olson-Edge Mar 1990

A Comparison Of Three Traps For Removal Of Columbian Ground Squirrels, W. Daniel Edge, Sally L. Olson-Edge

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

A study to determine the relative effectiveness of three trap types for Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus) removal was conducted during May and July 1985 in Missoula County, Montana. A Two-way Analysis of Variance was used to test for differences in reduction of burrow activity between conibear, box, and live traps versus controls. All trap types significantly reduced ground squirrel activity when compared to the controls for each month, but no trap type was significantly more effective than the others. Ground squirrels are more easily caught in July; trapping during both months is recommended for maximum reduction in …

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A Review Of Falconry As A Bird-Hazing Technique, William A. Erickson, Rex E. Marsh, Terrell P. Salmon Mar 1990

A Review Of Falconry As A Bird-Hazing Technique, William A. Erickson, Rex E. Marsh, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The use of trained falcons and hawks for dispersing pest birds has been mainly limited to airports in Europe and, to a lesser extent, in North America to prevent bird/aircraft strikes. The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) are the raptors used most often. These trained birds can effectively disperse gulls (Larus spp. ) and a variety of other pest bird species, although other bird-scaring methods are often equally or more effective and economical. Because of the scarcity of trained raptors and handlers, their use is limited to special situations such as …

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Efficacy Data For Registration Of Strychnine Grain Baits To Control Pocket Gophers (Thomomys Spp.), James Evans, George H. Matschke, Dan L. Campbell, Paul L. Hegdal, Richard M. Engeman Mar 1990

Efficacy Data For Registration Of Strychnine Grain Baits To Control Pocket Gophers (Thomomys Spp.), James Evans, George H. Matschke, Dan L. Campbell, Paul L. Hegdal, Richard M. Engeman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Laboratory tests, field telemetry trials, and actual use field efficacy evaluations showed that a 0.5% strychnine alkaloid steam-rolled oat-groat hand-bait formulation (EPA Reg. No. 56228-20) with molasses, salt, glycerine, and soda was effective in controlling northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). Baits retaining at least 0.5% strychnine (w/w) were as effective (>95% control) as baits with 0.75% and 1.0% strychnine in field telemetry hand-baiting trials as well as operational hand-baiting and burrow-builder baiting field tests in forest habitat. Data indicated that the 0.5% strychnine hand bait (molasses formulation) should be reregistered and would be a good substitute for …

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Rodent Problems In Range Rehabilitation, Richard Everett, Steve Monsen Mar 1990

Rodent Problems In Range Rehabilitation, Richard Everett, Steve Monsen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Seed predation by rodents has limited successful re-establishment of desirable shrubs, forbs, and grasses on degraded western rangelands. We need to develop methods that temporarily reduce rodent numbers or their predation of planted seed if we are to establish diverse rangeland plant communities. Range site conversion treatments of chaining, prescribed burning, spraying, or drilling have not been effective in reducing deer mice populations. However, seed predation has been reduced by adopting seeding strategies that mimic natural seed predation avoidance mechanisms. Seedings have been designed to mimic the "satiation" strategy for plant establishment by providing more seed and sacrifice foods than …

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Control Of Coyote Predation On Livestock–Progress In Research And Development, Michael W. Fall Mar 1990

Control Of Coyote Predation On Livestock–Progress In Research And Development, Michael W. Fall

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The coyote is highly adaptable in exploiting man's livestock production systems and, indeed, thrives in such situations. Recent research by the Denver Wildlife Research Center has drawn upon earlier studies to focus effort on priority needs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) cooperative Animal Damage Control (ADC) program. Substantial improvements have been made in some control methods and several new methods or effective modifications have become available for use by ADC and by producers. Additional developments have occurred in improving chemical delivery systems and in understanding the ecological requirements for effective control programs. With the substantial investments being made …

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Rodents As A Food Source, Lynwood A. Fiedler Mar 1990

Rodents As A Food Source, Lynwood A. Fiedler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rodents, one of several kinds of vertebrates included in the human diet, are very suitable as human food. More than 71 genera and 89 species of rodents, mostly hystricomorphs, have been consumed by man. Some have even been domesticated for private or commercial production of food for human consumption. Rodents in the temperate world serve only as a supplement to the regular diet of humans; but in the tropical world, they are widely accepted and a popular source of protein. Although harvesting field rats for human food is beneficial, it is not an effective pest control strategy. Consuming rodents in …

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Mythology Of Vertebrate Pest Control, William D. Fitzwater Mar 1990

Mythology Of Vertebrate Pest Control, William D. Fitzwater

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Controlling vertebrate species obnoxious or even dangerous to them has been a concern of the human species through the evolutionary process. Early measures were often based on religious, superstitious, and biologic fantasies. While modern control measures are better biologically founded, there still remains an aura of mythology around many accepted by the public today. Examples are given of some of them: toxicants, electromagnetics, ultrasonics, and repellents for deer, moles, and raccoons.

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Front Matter And Contents Mar 1990

Front Matter And Contents

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Proceedings of the FOURTEENTH VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE

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Ground Squirrel Burrow Destruction: Control Implications, Arlette Gilson, Terrell P. Salmon Mar 1990

Ground Squirrel Burrow Destruction: Control Implications, Arlette Gilson, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rapid reinvasion of low-density sites by dispersing ground squirrels often results in short-term benefits from otherwise effective population control methods. Existing vacant burrow systems appear to play an important role in facilitating the local population recovery. The potential of destroying the ground squirrel burrow entrances to reduce site reinvasion, following population removal, was tested. Under the conditions of the tests, deep ripping resulted in >85% reduction in burrow reinvasion by California and Belding ground squirrels. Studies are still in progress to evaluate the consistency of the results and include long-term effects and cost information. The inclusion of this technique into …

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