Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Vertebrate Pests Of Beekeeping, John M. O'Brien, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Information concerning vertebrate pests of beekeeping was gathered from state and provincial apiary inspectors through a questionnaire. Forty-eight states and 9 provinces responded. Additional pest information has been assembled from published articles. Bears represent the major vertebrate pest based on severity of damage to colonies. Total estimated losses reported amounted to $623,000 annually. Loss estimates for the various pest species are probably grossly underestimated because many states with problems could not or did not provide loss estimates. Skunks and house mice represent the next most important species from a damage point of view, with annual damage averaging $423,050 and $100,450, …

Red-Winged Blackbird And Starling Feeding Responses On Corn Earworm-Infested Corn, Flavian H. Okurut-Akol, Richard A. Dolbeer, Paul P. Woronecki

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

We examined the feeding behavior of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) on ears of corn (Zea mavs) artificially infested with corn earworms (Helicoverpa zea). In 30-minute aviary tests, redwings and starlings directed 39 to 79% more feeding responses to ears of corn with worms than to ears without worms but they damaged the same proportion of ears with and without worms. In 3-hour aviary tests and a field evaluation, birds damaged more ears with worms than without worms. In spite of more feeding responses directed to ears with …

Registration Status Of Vertebrate Pesticides With Emphasis On 1080 And Strychnine, Steve D. Palmateer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

A review of currently registered vertebrate pesticides is reported with by far the major weight given to strychnine and 1080. The author searched the Agency's label files and has listed most of those pesticides that have claims against at least one vertebrate animal.

Wild Hog Management Program At Great Smoky Mountains National Park, John D. Peine, Jane Allen Farmer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Over the last 30 years the wild hog population control program at Great Smoky Mountains National Park has experienced steady growth. The evolution has been relatively slow, and it was not until the latter part of the 1980s that sufficient funds were available to make a serious attempt at control measures. Over the years, the research program has focused on the biology of the wild hog; its reproductive rate; feeding and movement patterns; and its impact on the fauna, flora, and soils of the park. In addition, a major project was conducted to evaluate attractants and baits to increase the …

An Evaluation Of Breakaway Snares For Use In Coyote Control, Robert L. Phillips, F. Sherman Blom, Richard E. Johnson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Seven types of breakaway snares were evaluated for breaking strength and variability using a universal testing machine. Maximum tension before breakage for individual snares ranged from 142 to 486 pounds. Sheet metal locks which ripped out, and S-hooks which straightened, provided the least variable results. Coyotes (Canis latrans), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), domestic calves and lambs were tested to determine the tension loads they applied to snares. Differences in tension loads among coyotes and nontarget species should allow for the development of snares that will consistently hold coyotes and release most larger nontarget animals.

Responses Of Captive Coyotes To Chemical Attractants, Robert L. Phillips, F. Sherman Blom, Richard M. Engeman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Seasonal responses of captive coyotes (Canis latrans) to 9 chemical attractants (W-U lure, TMAD, SFE, FAS, CFA, artificial smoked fish flavor, artificial beef liver flavor, yeast autolysate and decanoic acid) were evaluated. Twenty-six additional attractants were tested only during the summer. W-U lure and FAS produced the greatest total response times from coyotes during all seasons of the year. FAS and smoked fish flavor evoked the most lick-chew-bite and pulling behaviors during the summer and have potential for improving the performance of M-44 devices in warm weather.

The Status Of Lines In Bird Damage Control–A Review, Patricia A. Pochop, Ron J. Johnson, Danilo A. Aguero, Kent M. Eskridge

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

One technique for repelling or excluding birds is to stretch wires, monofilament lines, or nylon strings across sites needing protection. Wires or lines spaced at various intervals and in various configurations have successfully repelled birds such as ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and/or herring (L. argentatus) gulls, and brant (Branta bernicla bernicla) from reservoirs, sanitary landfills, fish hatcheries, nesting areas, public places, or farm fields. Black thread has been suggested for repelling small birds such as sparrows (unspecified) from garden seedlings and bullfinches (unspecified) from fruit trees. Recent observations in New Mexico indicated that monofilament lines …

Keynote Address--Thoughts On The Future Of Vertebrate Pest Management, Russell F. Reidinger Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

I greatly appreciated the invitation to attend this Conference, and to share some thoughts on the future of vertebrate pest management in the form of a Keynote Address.


In making the presentation, I will dwell mostly on a single document. This document is entitled “Strategic Plan for Animal Damage Control,” and became available in December 1989, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).

The document is one of the products from a strategic planning process that began in APHIS about 2 years ago, and continues today. The process began at the highest level of …

Rabies Control For Urban Foxes, Skunks, And Raccoons, Richard C. Rosatte, Michael J. Power, Charles D. Macinnes, Kenneth F. Lawson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rabies is currently enzootic in many cities of southern Ontario. The Ministry of Natural Resources is utilizing two different tactics for the control of rabies in urban wildlife rabies vectors-oral immunization with baits (foxes) and vaccination by injection following live-capture (skunks and raccoons). Between 47 and 79% of the skunks and 61 and 76% of the raccoons were captured and vaccinated (Imrab) in a 60-km2 urban area of Metropolitan Toronto during 1987, 1989. Only three cases of rabies in skunks have been reported since control began in 1987. Population increases of 120% for skunks and 40% for raccoons were noted …

An Evaluation Of Fencing To Exclude Pocket Gophers From Experimental Plots, Terrell P. Salmon, Robert H. Schmidt, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

We evaluated the ability of underground fencing to exclude pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) from experimental plots planted with alfalfa. Fencing extending 61 cm below and 91 cm aboveground, with a 15.2-cm lip bent 90 degrees inward at the bottom, did not prevent marked and unmarked gophers from escaping, invading, or moving among six adjacent plots. Complete underground screening, in combination with gopher control, may be the only technique which ensures the complete exclusion of gophers from experimental and ornamental plots.

Its A Fact! Its A Phact!, Harlan R. Shuhler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

To reduce the costs of providing development assistance in agriculture to the people in the Developing Countries, an international "Post-Harvest Agriculture Computer Teleconference" has been available now for more than 15 months. Suitably supplemented with electronic computer communications networks and their E-mail, these tools allow relatively inexpensive assistance. This combination offers many advantages to the organizations offering assistance and those needing help.

Rodenticide Ecotoxicology: Systems Analysis And Simulation, R.H. Smith, Paula R. Cox, M. Rampaud

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Exposure, as well as toxicity, determines whether rodenticides present real environmental hazards to nontarget animals. In order to combine exposure and toxicity, a compartment model is proposed which distinguishes transfer processes from accumulation of residues. The published literature relevant to the model is analyzed, and some important gaps in knowledge are highlighted. Simple sub-models of rat feeding behavior and mortality are combined into a simulation model which generates data on both efficacy of control and build-up of residues in live rats and carcasses. The roles of feeding parameters (e.g., palatability, availability of alternative food) as well as toxicity are emphasized …

Animal Welfare And The Control Of Vertebrates, Harry V. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The relationships between man and other animals have attracted increased attention and some controversy in recent years. Their importance in biomedical research, farming, and wildlife control are discussed in the United Kingdom context.

Rodent Damage To Hawaiian Sugarcane, Mark E. Tobin, Robert T. Sugihara, Asher K. Ota

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rattus norvegicus, R. exulans, and R. rattus cause extensive damage to Hawaiian sugarcane. This paper gives an overview of the problem and briefly summarizes the history of rodent control on Hawaiian sugarcane plantations. Current baiting practices with zinc phosphide may favor the proliferation of R. norvegicus, and more effective control methods are needed for this species. A cooperative research and development program by the Denver Wildlife Research Center and the nonprofit Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association is described.

Roaming, Stray, And Feral Domestic Cats And Dogs As Wildlife Problems, Bessel D. Van't Woudt

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

From several centers of domestication, cats and dogs have become the near-ubiquitous companion of man. Their dependence on man is such that when abandoned in a rural environment most succumb to malnutrition in combination with predation, diseases, parasites, and exposure. Where not subject to predation and where native or introduced prey is adequate, some survive to form feral populations. This applies on oceanic islands, in Australia and New Zealand. Elsewhere, as far as is known today, requirements for survival are met with in parts of the U.S. and Europe only, in remote wilderness areas in the case of dogs, and …

A Comparison Of Several Pocket Gopher Baits In The Field, Paul Vossen, Pierre Gadd

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Two field trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of anticoagulant baits in pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) control. In the first trial, burrow systems were baited once with chlorophacinone 0.005% on rolled oats and embedded in paraffin to form a wax block. The systems were arranged in a one system-wide line bordering a clean vineyard. Infestation of the vineyard was prevented for 2 months; after that, gophers did bypass the barrier of treated systems and entered the vineyard.

In the second trial two anticoagulant baits, chlorophacinone 0.005% on rolled oats and embedded in paraffin, and diphacinone 0.0052% on …

Rancher Use Of Livestock Protection Collars In Texas, Murray T. Walton

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

With U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's approval of certification and training of sodium monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080) Livestock Protection Collar applicators by the Texas Department of Agriculture in April 1988, use of collars by ranchers was made possible. This paper presents data from 1988 and 1989 on use of Livestock Protection Collars to protect domestic sheep and goats subject to coyote (Canis latrans) predation. Information concerning coyote puncture of collars, loss of collars to other factors, and targeting strategies used by ranchers are discussed. Success of collar use is compared to other predator control methods used by ranchers.

Use Of Alpha-Chloralose To Remove Waterfowl From Nuisance And Damage Situations, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer, Thomas W. Seamans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

From 1988 through early 1990 alpha-chloralose (A-C) was successfully used in the United States to immobilize and remove 70 Canada Geese (Branta canadensis), 315 mallard, domestic and hybrid ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), and 348 coots (Fulica Americana) from 17 commercial and residential sites including golf courses, pools, and ponds. Field trials and baiting techniques with bread and corn are described. The optimum dose of A-C for geese, ducks, and coots, using orally administered bread and corn baits, was about 20-30 mg/kg. We are currently pursuing registration of A-C as a bird control chemical with the …

Naphthalenes Associated With Treated Wastewater Effluents In An Urban National Wildlife Refuge, John T. Tanacredi Ph.D.

Faculty Works: CERCOM (1977-2016)

Our coastal enviornments have become the invariable recipient of petroleum and petroleum wastes. Demands for petroleum products coupled with a lack of economic incentive to recycle waste oil, will increase the probability of greater concentrations of petroleum derived hyrdrocarbons entering our estuaries (CEQ Report, 1983).

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1989 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Resource Inventory And Impact Analysis Of Great Bog And The Horse Point Delta/Esker System, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Biologists Organized For Ecosystem Assessment, Colby College

Colby College Watershed Study: Other Area Studies

In May of 1990, Tilcon-Maine, Inc. submitted an application to mine gravel on the east side of Horse Point Road on Horse Point in the Town of Belgrade. The project site covers 46 acres and the proposed excavation covers 16 acres. An estimated 740,000 cubic yards of material will be removed over a period of six or seven years (Pfister, pers. comm.). According to Tilcon (Timson et al., 1990) the maximum depth of the pit will be 78 feet and the bottom of the pit will be a minimum of 6 feet above the water table. At the present time …

Hawaii's Rainforest Crunch: Land, People, And Geothermal Development, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

One hundred and forty-one people, led by Native Hawaiians, were arrested on 25 March 1990 as part of the largest demonstration yet against geothermal development in Hawaii. The gathering was intended to focus attention on Native Hawaiian rights and the ecological consequences of drilling geothermal wells in the near-pristine Wao Kele O Puna rain forest. The energy project, undertaken by True Geothermal Company and endorsed by Hawaii's governor and other imposing figures, has already invaded the largest intact tropical lowland rain forest in the United States.

The New Materialism: Managing Minnesota's Materials As If Matter Mattered, David Morris

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

La Conservation Des Forêts Au Népal: Encourager La Participation Des Femmes, Augusta Molnar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Ce numéro de SEEDS porte sur les moyens mis en oeuvre pour faire participer les femmes à un programme gouvernemental visant à preserver et à restituer la forêt au Népal. Comme il arrive fréquemment lors de la mise en place de projets aussi vastes ayant une portée generale, les femmes n'étaient pas un centre d'intérêt spécifique au moment de la conception du projet. Cependant, lorsque les activités ont demarré, les responsables népalais du projet et leurs collègues de l'étranger se sont tres vite rendus compte que le succès du programme dépendait de la participation directe des femmes aux activités du …

The 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement: A Model Of Intergovernmental And Multi-State Cooperation In Estuary/Coastal Resource Management, John F. Faltus

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The 1980s witnessed an increased awareness of the problems of estuary and coastal water pollution. The medical waste problems of 1988 heightened public awareness of this problem and showed that coastal pollution is not just isolated but rather is a regional problem which requires regional solutions. During the 1980x the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the States of Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia worked together to forge two agreements, one in 1983, and more significantly a broader agreement in 1987, in which they agreed to work together to develop specific goals and objectives to address and solve …

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: (Otec) Outlook For The Future, John M. Kroft

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The temperature differential between the tropical ocean surface and deep waters represents tremendous energy potential. Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems represent an environmentally sound method to extract that energy resource. Included in this paper is a review of the history of OTEC, basic thermodynamic principles involved and major components of the system. The three basic types of OTEC systems are discussed, citing the various advantages and disadvantages of each. The resource extent and possible environmental impacts are examined from the U. S. perspective. After reviewing the conflicting ocean use interest involved, comparative cost calculations of energy types, and the …

Health Effects Of Air Pollutants (Sulfur Dioxide, Ozone, And Carbon Monoxide), Robert A. Bethel

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

19 pages (includes illustrations).

Contains references.

Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control: The Remaining Issues, Michael P. Walsh

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

26 pages (includes illustrations).

Contains references.

Urban Ambient Air Quality Trends, N. O. Gerald

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

24 pages (includes illustrations and maps).

To The U.S. Department Of Transportation: Comments Of The Environmental Defense Fund On The Secretary Of Transportation’S National Transportation Policy, Robert E. Yuhnke

Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28)

20 pages.