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Articles 5431 - 5460 of 6879

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Jack Shaw Bridge, Susie Van Kirk Apr 1988

Jack Shaw Bridge, Susie Van Kirk

Susie Van Kirk Papers

To adequately assess the historical significance of the Mad River suspension bridge near Mountain View, commonly referred to as the Jack Shaw Bridge, it was necessary to research not only the bridge but the surrounding area as well. Resulting information provides a context or association for understanding the bridge's role in local history.

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Closing Remarks For The Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Lewis R. Davis Mar 1988

Closing Remarks For The Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Lewis R. Davis

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

This brings to an end the Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference. Without the speakers and the session chairs, there would not have been a conference. Let us acknowl¬edge them for the excellent job done.

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Conference Participants: Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Mar 1988

Conference Participants: Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference,

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The Conference totalled 401 registered attendees. The wide representation from the United States and from 14 countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified group for the exchange of ideas and information.

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Effects Of Implementing Epa's Endangered Species Protection Program On National Forest System Lands, Shelley Witt, Glen Contreras, Max M. Ollieu Mar 1988

Effects Of Implementing Epa's Endangered Species Protection Program On National Forest System Lands, Shelley Witt, Glen Contreras, Max M. Ollieu

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated an effort to comply more fully with the Endangered Species Act. This effort became their "Endangered Species Protection Program." The possibility of such a program was forecast in 1982 when Donald A. Spencer gave a presentation to the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference on "Vertebrate Pest Management and Changing Times." This paper focuses on current plans for implementing the EPA's Endangered Species Protection Program as it relates to the USDA Forest Service. It analyzes the potential effects this program will have on the agency, using the pocket gopher (Thomomys spp.), strychnine, and …

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Problems Associated With Beaver In Stream Or Floodway Management, Wendy S. Fitzgerald, Ronald A. Thompson Mar 1988

Problems Associated With Beaver In Stream Or Floodway Management, Wendy S. Fitzgerald, Ronald A. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In California, beaver (Castor canadensis) were first recognized for their value as a furbearer. Additionally, in many areas, beaver are considered desirable if not essential components of stream and wetland ecosystems. Where beaver and human activity overlap, beaver have become nuisance animals causing direct damage through dam building, flooding, bank denning, and loss of agricultural crops. Other problems such as the threat of levee failure and subsequent flooding, increases in undesirable brush growth due to a raised water table, restricted access due to flooding, and an increased mosquito population resulted in the Department of Water Resources (DWR) developing a beaver …

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Badgers (Taxidea Taxus) As Occasional Pests In Agriculture, Steven C. Minta, Rex E. Marsh Mar 1988

Badgers (Taxidea Taxus) As Occasional Pests In Agriculture, Steven C. Minta, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The badger (Taxidea taxus). because of its strong propensity for digging, is considered North America's fossorial carnivore, feeding mostly on ground squirrels, pocket gophers, and mice throughout much of the western and midwestern continent. Badger excavations, primarily in search of food, produce mounds and deep holes which can damage alfalfa and other crops and damage farm equipment and water systems. Depredations include poultry, waterfowl, and eggs. Overall, the badger is considered a relatively minor vertebrate pest. As a furbearer it is considered a renewable natural resource. Most local pest problems are currently reduced through leghold trapping and shooting. Habitat modification …

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A Decade Of Use Of Livestock Guarding Dogs, Raymond Coppinger, Lorna Coppinger, Gail Langeloh, Lori Gettler, Jay Lorenz Mar 1988

A Decade Of Use Of Livestock Guarding Dogs, Raymond Coppinger, Lorna Coppinger, Gail Langeloh, Lori Gettler, Jay Lorenz

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Results from a ten-year study of livestock guarding dogs show that the dogs are an effective tool for reducing predation. Average reduction attained by five strains of dogs (Anatolian Shepherds, Maremmas, Shar Planinetz, Anatolian/ Shars, Maremma/Shars) was 64%, with predation reduced to zero for 53% of reporting producers in 1986. Variations in trustworthy, attentive and protective behavior of the dogs were breed-specific, and offer mechanisms for improving the system.

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Recent Approaches To Controlling Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia Rufa) In Pacific Northwest Forests, Dan L. Campbell, James Evans Mar 1988

Recent Approaches To Controlling Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia Rufa) In Pacific Northwest Forests, Dan L. Campbell, James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Biologists of the Denver Wildlife Research Center are currently investigating ways of managing mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) populations and are developing methods for alleviating mountain beaver damage to conifer trees being grown for timber in the Pacific Northwest. Studies initiated in 1986 indicated that aversive conditioning with Big Game Repellent Powder (BGR-P) dusted on cull Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings placed in burrows significantly reduced mountain beaver damage to planted seedlings treated with BGR-P and to untreated seedlings. Trials also showed that strychnine-sword fern (Polvstichum munitum) baits prepared with a 4.9% (active) strychnine paste concentrate (SLN Reg. No. ID-870003) are very …

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Large Livestock Protection Collars Effective Against Coyotes, Richard J. Burns, Guy Connolly, Peter J. Savarie Mar 1988

Large Livestock Protection Collars Effective Against Coyotes, Richard J. Burns, Guy Connolly, Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A small (30-ml 1080 solution) livestock protection (LP) collar has been registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help control coyote (Canis latrans) predation on sheep and goats. However, the small collar does not adequately cover the throats of large livestock. We pen tested large (60-ml 1080 solution) LP collars on large sheep for effectiveness against coyotes and determined sodium fluoroacetate (FAC) residues in coyotes and sheep to estimate nontarget hazards. The large collar was effective. In 5 tests, all 5 collars were punctured and all attacking coyotes died. Time to death averaged 2.5 h. Coyotes received more …

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Terrestrial Mammalian Pests In Argentina—An Overview, John E. Jackson Mar 1988

Terrestrial Mammalian Pests In Argentina—An Overview, John E. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In Argentina, 41 of the country's 300 native or introduced land mammals are legally considered as pests: 31 are indigenous and 10 exotic. The types of problems arising are described and the principal species causing them are reviewed. Although inflicting damage, several wild animals are also valuable for commercial hunting enterprises.

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Breeding Birches For Resistance To Rodent And Hare Damage , Matti Rousi, Jorma Tahvan Ainen, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Ulrika Kurten Mar 1988

Breeding Birches For Resistance To Rodent And Hare Damage , Matti Rousi, Jorma Tahvan Ainen, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Ulrika Kurten

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Rodents and hares are very harmful pests in forest plantations in the Holarctic zone. No effective way to control damages by these pests is known. There is large variation in resistance of different birch species, origins and families. The resistance does not seem to be correlated to growth of seedlings, thus the prospects for resistance breeding are considered good. There seem to be large variation even within birch families which can partly be explained by morphological differences between seedlings. Also the nursery treatment seems to determine the palatability of seedlings to herbivores. Ways to produce resistant genotypes for the use …

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Recognizing Black Bear Damage To Second Growth Redwoods, Gregory A. Giusti Mar 1988

Recognizing Black Bear Damage To Second Growth Redwoods, Gregory A. Giusti

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Black bears, Ursus americanus, have been known to cause severe damage to second-growth redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens). The damage is seasonal and is often associated with logging roads, skid trails or other openings in the forest. Signs of damage are characteristic and cannot easily be confused with other species of wildlife that damage redwoods.

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The Operation Of Coordinated Rabbit Control Organizations In England And Wales, I. G. Mckillop Mar 1988

The Operation Of Coordinated Rabbit Control Organizations In England And Wales, I. G. Mckillop

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Rabbit control organizations in England and Wales were studied between 1978 and 1982. A national survey of existing organizations showed that there were 2 types (societies and groups) and that they jointly covered only 2% of farmers and 1.5% of agricultural land. Three societies were studied for 3 years and were found to be underfunded and increasingly unable to provide coordinated control on adjoining properties. Farmers are provided with recommendations on how to run coordinated rabbit control organizations.

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Rodenticide Residues In Animal Carcasses And Their Relevance To Secondary Hazards, C. Raymond Record, Rex E. Marsh Mar 1988

Rodenticide Residues In Animal Carcasses And Their Relevance To Secondary Hazards, C. Raymond Record, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Some complexities and limitations of using carcass residue data to determine secondary hazard to nontarget species are discussed. The roles of chemical and toxicological properties of the rodenticide such as metabolism, excretion, organs of retention, site of absorption and latent period in secondary hazard are reviewed and examples given. The possible effects of bait composition and application methods, the behavioral response of the nontarget species, and local environmental factors upon secondary hazard are outlined.

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Determination Of The Environmental Fate Of Ground Squirrel Carcasses, Daniel Sullivan Mar 1988

Determination Of The Environmental Fate Of Ground Squirrel Carcasses, Daniel Sullivan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A field study was conducted in Lewis and Clark County, Montana, during the summer of 1986 to determine the fate of Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus) carcasses in the environment. Ground squirrel carcasses were marked with radio transmitters and placed in situations and locations similar to those found in actual rodent control operations. Carcasses were monitored until their fate was determined or until they were no longer considered attractive to scavengers. Red fox (Vulpes fulva) was the primary scavenger in this study. Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and birds (corvids and/or raptors) were the other mammalian and avian scavengers identified. Carrion-eating …

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M-44 Sodium Cyanide Ejectors In The Animal Damage Control Program, 1976-1986, Guy Connolly Mar 1988

M-44 Sodium Cyanide Ejectors In The Animal Damage Control Program, 1976-1986, Guy Connolly

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

This paper summarizes Animal Damage Control (ADC) program records relating to M-44 use during Fiscal Years 1976-86. During these years, M-44s were used in 14 western states to take 103,255 animals, including 92,843 coyotes, 5,544 other target canids, and 4,868 nontarget animals. More animals were taken in Texas than in all other states combined. Program-wide during FY1977-81, M-44 effort averaged approximately 5,600 unit years annually and 1.2 target animals were recovered per M-44 year.

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Field Evaluation Of Padded Jaw Coyote Traps: Effectiveness And Foot Injury, Samuel B. Linhart, F. Sherman Blom, Gary J. Dasch, Richard M. Engeman, Glenn H. Olsen Mar 1988

Field Evaluation Of Padded Jaw Coyote Traps: Effectiveness And Foot Injury, Samuel B. Linhart, F. Sherman Blom, Gary J. Dasch, Richard M. Engeman, Glenn H. Olsen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A field study of unpadded and padded foothold coyote traps was undertaken in six western states in 1986-1987. Tests were designed to determine the capture efficiency and extent of foot injury caused by different trap modifications. Results were similar to an earlier study undertaken in 1984-85 that showed padded traps reduced foot injury but captured and held fewer animals than did unpadded traps. Both studies showed that unpadded long-spring traps used operationally by Federal Animal Damage Control specialists were the most effective (75-78% capture rate) but caused more foot injury. Padded long-spring traps were intermediate in efficacy (52-57%) and foot …

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Predators And Sheep Management Practices In Sonoma County, California, Stephanie Larson, Terrell P. Salmon Mar 1988

Predators And Sheep Management Practices In Sonoma County, California, Stephanie Larson, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Over the last twenty-five years, sheep numbers have been declining in Sonoma and Marin Counties at the same time the number of predators has increased. With the removal of most chemical control methods, livestock producers have had to turn to other methods of preventing livestock losses. The objective of this project was to survey livestock producers to determine the levels of predation, type of predator involved, and the management methods being used to reduce these losses. This information is essential to develop a sound extension program to help livestock producers better deal with the predator problem.

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Development And Testing Of The Coyote Lure Operative Device, Daniel B. Fagre, Steven M. Ebbert Mar 1988

Development And Testing Of The Coyote Lure Operative Device, Daniel B. Fagre, Steven M. Ebbert

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A new device for orally delivering substances to coyotes (Canis latrans) has been under development for approximately 10 years. The development of the coyote lure operative device (CLOD) is described along with some recent field evaluations of the CLOD system. In general, the results of these field tests indicate that the CLOD shows potential and merits further development.

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Distribution And Magnitude Of Eagle/Livestock Conflicts In The Western United States, Robert L. Phillips, F. Sheridan Blom Mar 1988

Distribution And Magnitude Of Eagle/Livestock Conflicts In The Western United States, Robert L. Phillips, F. Sheridan Blom

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Problems with golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and bald eagle (Haliaetus leucocephalus) depredation on livestock in western United States were investigated by surveying Animal Damage Control field personnel. One hundred forty-three individuals from 14 states identified areas where they had observed eagle damage to livestock in the past 10 years. Most field personnel believed golden eagles (both residents and migrants) were the most important species causing livestock depredations. The highest livestock losses to eagles were associated with open range lambing operations. Eagle numbers were reported to be increasing throughout the West, but livestock losses to eagles were staying at about …

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Photographic Records — Their Importance In Today's Environmentally Sensitive Bird Management Programs, Charles W. Areson Mar 1988

Photographic Records — Their Importance In Today's Environmentally Sensitive Bird Management Programs, Charles W. Areson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

We are living in a day of change. Environmental awareness is a part of our everyday life in a way unprecedented in history. The courts, in their infinite wisdom, have initiated the joint and several liability (deep pocket) rules that make everyone at risk in almost all situations. Bird management programs, by their very nature, are extremely sensitive. Any project, if not evaluated, planned, carried out, and documented properly can result in adverse regulatory agency action, bad publicity, and even fines or lawsuits. Proper photographic documentation can play a vital part in helping to provide the necessary records to help …

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Solutions To Urban Bird Problems, William D. Fitzwater Mar 1988

Solutions To Urban Bird Problems, William D. Fitzwater

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A survey of municipalities across the country indicated that pigeons were the most widespread aerial nuisance in urban areas. These were followed in order by: blackbirds, starlings, house sparrows, woodpeckers, crows/ravens, swallows/swifts, waterfowl (Canadian geese, mallards, and coots), and gulls. With somewhat lesser frequency were robins, vultures, raptors, herons/egrets, mockingbirds, waxwings, and monk parakeets. Local bird problems were mostly handled by: USDA-APH1S-ADC, Health Department, City/County Animal Control, Landowner/householder, PCO, State Wildlife Agency, Police Department, and Mayor's office.

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Observation Of Woodpecker Damage To Electrical Distribution Line Poles In Missouri, Lyle A. Stemmerman Mar 1988

Observation Of Woodpecker Damage To Electrical Distribution Line Poles In Missouri, Lyle A. Stemmerman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Woodpecker damage to electrical distribution poles was monitored in Saline and Pcttis Counties. Damage increased over the four-year monitoring period. There was an increase in both the number of poles damaged and the amount of damage to individual poles. When woodpecker-damaged poles were replaced, the replacement poles proved highly vulnerable to attack. A pole repair and replacement program in Dekalb and Gentry Counties was monitored. The objective was to determine if plastic mesh would effectively protect poles from woodpecker attack and if efficacy could be reliably determined within one year of installation. Plastic mesh failed to provide an acceptable level …

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Effect Of Ultrasonic, Visual, And Sonic Devices On Pigeon Numbers In A Vacant Building, Paul P. Woronecki Mar 1988

Effect Of Ultrasonic, Visual, And Sonic Devices On Pigeon Numbers In A Vacant Building, Paul P. Woronecki

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Three bird scaring devices, ultrasonic, visual and sonic, were evaluated for repelling pigeons from inside a vacant building. After 10-30 days of treatment, none of the devices reduced the pigeon population from levels recorded in pre- and posttreatment periods. However, both the visual and sonic devices altered pigeon behavior during their 10-day treatment periods and temporarily reduced the pigeon population during the first 2 days of treatment. The ultrasonic device was completely ineffective; no change in pigeon activity was observed during a 20-day treatment period.

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Aerial Treatments Against Starling Roosts In France With Chloro-Para-Toluidin (Cpt): Results Of Eight Years Of Experiments, P. Douville De Franssu, P. Gramet, G. Grolleau, A. Such Mar 1988

Aerial Treatments Against Starling Roosts In France With Chloro-Para-Toluidin (Cpt): Results Of Eight Years Of Experiments, P. Douville De Franssu, P. Gramet, G. Grolleau, A. Such

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The starling is one of the major pest birds in France. During the winter, starlings coming from other parts of Europe gather in the Northwest of France and cause extensive damage in the corn silage distributed to the cattle, by eating and spoiling the grains. As it is impossible to protect the cattle food by physical means in most of the situations, the persons in charge of resolving the problem have chosen to turn towards chemical roost treatments. Between 1980 and 1988, nearly 40 treatments have been carried out on 25 different roosts. The chemical used is CPT (chloro-para-toluidin) applied …

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Flight Pen Evaluation Of Eyespot Balloons To Protect Citrus From Bird Depredations, Michael L. Avery, Dennis E. Daneke, David G. Decker, Paul W. Lefebvre, Raymond E. Matteson, Curtis O. Nelms Mar 1988

Flight Pen Evaluation Of Eyespot Balloons To Protect Citrus From Bird Depredations, Michael L. Avery, Dennis E. Daneke, David G. Decker, Paul W. Lefebvre, Raymond E. Matteson, Curtis O. Nelms

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The effectiveness of eyespot balloons in discouraging boat-tailed grackle (Ouiscalus major) use of a simulated orange grove was investigated in a series of 4-day trials. The mean distance to the trees of 6-bird experimental flocks was the same with a plain white balloon present as with no balloon. A white balloon with red and black eyespots kept birds at a greater distance from the trees throughout the trial. The presence of a black balloon with orange and yellow eyespots did not repel the birds from the grove. Observations of birds using the area within 1 m of the trees revealed …

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Bird Damage To Sprouting Rice In Louisiana: Dynamics Of The Millers Lake Blackbird Roost, Kristin E. Brugger Mar 1988

Bird Damage To Sprouting Rice In Louisiana: Dynamics Of The Millers Lake Blackbird Roost, Kristin E. Brugger

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In spring 1986 and 1987 I examined the relationship between blackbird abundance and sequence of rice planting near a very large roost in southwestern Louisiana to identify factors that contributed to bird damage in newly planted rice fields. Millers Lake, an eutrophic man-made lake of approximately 2,500 ha, attracts a winter roosting population that peaks at 10 to 25 million blackbirds annually. By March and April the roost declines to several thousand birds. Female red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were responsible for most rice seed losses, predominating both the roost and feeding flocks in rice fields in spring. Number of flocking …

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Prolonged Seed Handling Time Deters Red-Winged Blackbirds Feeding On Rice Seed, Dennis Daneke, David G. Decker Mar 1988

Prolonged Seed Handling Time Deters Red-Winged Blackbirds Feeding On Rice Seed, Dennis Daneke, David G. Decker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Theoretical concepts from foraging ecology were studied to identify elements of blackbird foraging strategies that may be manipulated to deter blackbirds feeding on rice. Seed-handling time was identified as one such vulnerable element. Consequently, we developed seed coatings for rice that increased handling time per seed, allowed a satisfactory germination rate, and persisted for several days postplanting. Test coats included hydrophilic binders with several starches, clays, plaster of paris and chemical grout in various combinations. Consistent repellency was achieved in feeding trials with captive red-winged blackbirds.

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Using Aircraft For Controlling Blackbird/Sunflower Depredations, Larry L. Handegard Mar 1988

Using Aircraft For Controlling Blackbird/Sunflower Depredations, Larry L. Handegard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Although not a new idea, using aircraft to control blackbird damage to sunflowers has provided some relief for sunflower growers in North Dakota. The numerous scaring devices and limited frightening agents have not proven effective in controlling blackbird damage to sunflowers. In response to a congressional directive to provide assistance in controlling blackbird/sunflower depredations in North Dakota, a blackbird hazing program was developed. The program utilized fixed-wing aircraft and shooting to expedite the migration of blackbirds through North Dakota.

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Controlling Shiny Cowbirds In Puerto Rico, Jon F. Heisterberg, Fernando Nunez-Garcia Mar 1988

Controlling Shiny Cowbirds In Puerto Rico, Jon F. Heisterberg, Fernando Nunez-Garcia

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A program to trap and remove shiny cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis) was conducted during two successive passerine nesting seasons at Roosevelt Roads Naval Station in eastern Puerto Rico. It sought to improve existing trapping techniques and to determine the effect cowbird removal has on the reproductive success of the endangered yellow-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus). Decoy traps of two basic designs were used to capture 2449 cowbirds in 1162 trap-days (average 2.l/trap-day) in June-September 1985 and 850 cowbirds in 1571 trap-days (average 0.5/trap-day) in March-August 1986. The lower capture rate in 1986 suggests that cowbirds removed in 1985 were not being replaced …

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