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Articles 5641 - 5670 of 6879

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Adc In The U.S. Department Of Agriculture, Gerald J. Fichtner Apr 1987

Adc In The U.S. Department Of Agriculture, Gerald J. Fichtner

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

ADC transferred to the U.S. Department of Agriculture by Public Law 99-190. Parameters of ADC in USDA are that the program is biologically sound, environmentally acceptable, and economically feasible. Major program components are cooperative operational control, education and information, and research. The National Animal Damage Control Advisory Committee is being formed. The American Society for Testing and Materials is helping on research priorities. A line-staff organization has been put in place within the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service in USDA.

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A Novel Strategy For Pocket Gopher Control, Michael E.R. Godfrey Apr 1987

A Novel Strategy For Pocket Gopher Control, Michael E.R. Godfrey

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Current techniques for the control of pocket gophers use traps, fumigants or toxic baits. Trapping and fumigation are labor intensive and seldom effective in giving more than short-term relief. Toxic baiting usually uses baits that are rapidly degraded and although the resident gopher may be killed the burrow system is frequently reoccupied very rapidly and little long-term control is achieved. The use of persistent baits that remain toxic and acceptable to the gophers for an extended period may result in more effective long-term control.

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A Chronology Of Prairie Dog Control Operations And Related Developments In South Dakota, Rew Hanson Apr 1987

A Chronology Of Prairie Dog Control Operations And Related Developments In South Dakota, Rew Hanson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The black-tailed prairie dog is a South Dakota native with a long history of controversy regarding its activities and control. The first organized efforts in prairie dog control date back to 1914 but little information was recorded until 1919 with some county operations and the passing of a rodent control law by the South Dakota Legislature. Nine west river counties reported treating a total of 398,000 acres of prairie dogs in 1920.

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Control Of One Native Animal Species To Benefit Another Native Species, John T. Lokemoen Apr 1987

Control Of One Native Animal Species To Benefit Another Native Species, John T. Lokemoen

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This paper expresses my feelings on the topic of controlling one native animal species (small carnivores) for the benefit of another native species (waterfowl). The relationship between the predator and prey has always been an interesting one. During much of man's experience with wildlife, predators were generally feared and persecuted. It was almost universally agreed that killing predators resulted in larger game populations, which man wanted for food or sport.

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Comparative Toxicity Of Strychnine To Eight Species Of Ground Squirrels, George Matschke, Carolyn L. Fordham, Susan C. Hurlbut, Richard M. Engeman Apr 1987

Comparative Toxicity Of Strychnine To Eight Species Of Ground Squirrels, George Matschke, Carolyn L. Fordham, Susan C. Hurlbut, Richard M. Engeman

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The toxicity of 3 strychnine bait concentrations, 0.20%, 0.35%, and 0.50%, was evaluated on 8 species of ground squirrels (Spermophilus spp). Significant species-specific differences were evident in the relative toxicity of strychnine in our tests.

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An Overview Of The South Dakota Animal Damage Control Program, Alvin L. Miller Apr 1987

An Overview Of The South Dakota Animal Damage Control Program, Alvin L. Miller

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Animal Damage Control in South Dakota is a very comprehensive program. The program's objective is to reduce agricultural loss caused by predators, nuisance animals, rodents, migratory birds and waterfowl. It involves the cooperation of several federal, state and county agencies as well as landowners and In turn requires very close coordination of these various entities in order to successfully achieve our objective. Operational control, extension services, research and educational programs are alI important facets of such a comprehensive program.

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Legislative Review Of Prairie Dog Statutes, Lyndell Peterson Apr 1987

Legislative Review Of Prairie Dog Statutes, Lyndell Peterson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The legislature is a modern version of a system that allows us to get along and bring our values together, sort them out, and establish ground rules under which we function. As we imbalance nature in our favor and apply our values through the legislature and congress, one prevailing value is that most of us will go to war for our right to own property. Yet there are times when our point of view functions in such a way that we say this process should provide us authority and power over somebody else's property as long as nobody exercises that …

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Snaring As A Beaver Control Technique In South Dakota, Jerry Riedel Apr 1987

Snaring As A Beaver Control Technique In South Dakota, Jerry Riedel

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Methods used for alleviating beaver damage include suggestions on farm management, extension trapping, and direct control. Direct control is utilized in the majority of the complaints with snaring constituting the most often used control technique.

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The Lure Crop Alternative, Steven D. Fairaizl, William K. Pfeifer Apr 1987

The Lure Crop Alternative, Steven D. Fairaizl, William K. Pfeifer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Lure crops are proposed as an alternative to scaring waterfowl. The lure crop works on the principle of permitting waterfowl to feed undisturbed for the duration of the damage season in an unharvested field of their choice thereby utilizing trampled grain. Waterfowl from adjacent areas are encouraged to use the lure crop through the use of scaring devices placed in protected fields. General criteria for implementation of a lure crop project and specific criteria for lure crop purchases are presented. Factors contributing to a successful lure crop and problems which reduced lure crop effectiveness are identified. Benefit/ cost analysis of …

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Laboratory Trial Of Chlorophacinone As A Prairie Dog Toxicant, Daryl D. Fisher, Robert M. Timm Apr 1987

Laboratory Trial Of Chlorophacinone As A Prairie Dog Toxicant, Daryl D. Fisher, Robert M. Timm

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A laboratory trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy and secondary toxicity of chlorophaoinone oats as a prairie dog toxicant. Bait containing 0.0025% chlorophacinone killed 29 of 31 prairie dogs when offered in 25 gram amounts daily for 6 days. Five of 6 domestic ferrets died of anticoagulant poisoning when fed H of these toxicant-kil led prairie dogs over 8 days. Chlorophacinone may not be an acceptable prairie dog toxicant due to this potential secondary hazard.

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Duck Nest Success And Predators In North Dakota, South Dakota, And Montana: The Central Flyway Study, Michael A. Johnson, Thomas C. Hinz, Thomas L. Kuck Apr 1987

Duck Nest Success And Predators In North Dakota, South Dakota, And Montana: The Central Flyway Study, Michael A. Johnson, Thomas C. Hinz, Thomas L. Kuck

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Data on duck nest success and the distribution and abundance of nest predators were obtained from nine study areas in North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana. Success rates were extremely low due to predation and duck production over much of the region may be insufficient to maintain populations.

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Results Of A Bird Damage Survey Of Kansas Feedlots, Charles D. Lee Apr 1987

Results Of A Bird Damage Survey Of Kansas Feedlots, Charles D. Lee

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A mail survey was conducted in the Fall of 1986 of 196 licensed Kansas feedlots to get a better idea of the extent as well as kinds of wildlife damage they experience. The results of this survey are being used in designing a research project to help feedlot operators cope with bird damage.

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Cougar Predation On Livestock In New Mexico, January 1983 Through June 1984, Gary A. Littauer, Ronald J. White Apr 1987

Cougar Predation On Livestock In New Mexico, January 1983 Through June 1984, Gary A. Littauer, Ronald J. White

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A telephone survey was conducted in which the objective was to obtain information from the entire population of livestock producers in New Mexico who had losses to cougars (Felis concolor) in 1983 and the first six months of 1984. A total of 103 ranchers reported losses in 1983 and 60 reported losses in the first six months of 1984. Verified (by examination of kills) losses of sheep and lambs to cougars totaled 1,202 in 1983 and 525 in the first half of 1984. Verified losses of cattle and calves totaled 230 in 1983 and 102 in the first half of …

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Policy And Goals On National Wildlife Refuges, Len Mcdaniels Apr 1987

Policy And Goals On National Wildlife Refuges, Len Mcdaniels

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The information that I am to present is the National Wildlife Refuge policy in regard to predator control. One of the goals of the National Wildlife Refuge System is to perpetuate the migratory bird resource. Since 1983 the policy of animal control on National Wildlife Refuges is to assess the effects of predation on breeding ducks; and, if predators are compromising waterfowl production, controls may be implemented. However, in reading the manual for policy on predator control, I found there are a lot of "hoops" to jump through before starting a predator control program.

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Should Ducks Be Frightened?, William K. Pfeifer, Steven D. Fairaizl Apr 1987

Should Ducks Be Frightened?, William K. Pfeifer, Steven D. Fairaizl

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The most common method of resolving waterfowl depredations to small grains is to scare ducks using mechanical scare devices or pyrotechnics. Scaring techniques, however, cause waterfowl to damage, by trampling, up to twice the amount of grain consumed. Conditions such as weather, harvest stage, cultural techniques, farm equipment, length of damage season, availability of alternative feeding sites, and waterfowl population could combine to increase trampling losses. These conditions should be evaluated to determine if large scale scaring projects may actually increase damages to small grains.

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South Dakota—Its History, Land, And Wildlife, Chuck Post Apr 1987

South Dakota—Its History, Land, And Wildlife, Chuck Post

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

South Dakota, duh KOH tuh, was named for the Dakota, or Sioux Indians who lived in this region before the white man came. In addition to the Sioux, two other tribes lived in the area before the white man. The Arikara built permanent homes and raised crops while the Cheyenne lived mostly by hunting. The wandering Sioux were hunters and warriors who moved from place to place following the great herds of bison.

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Endangered Species Considerations In Prairie Dog Management, Max Schroeder Apr 1987

Endangered Species Considerations In Prairie Dog Management, Max Schroeder

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Past management of the prairie dog has more often than not resulted in the reduction of prairie dog ecosystems upon which one endangered species, the black-footed ferret, depends. This species and over 400 other species found in the United States and its Territories are currently protected by the Endangered Species Act. The current Endangered Species Act had its start in 1964. At that time, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife selected a committee of individuals to determine which animal species in the United States were threatened or endangered with extinction. These individuals, with the help of some 300 other …

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Rodenticidal Effects Of Zinc Phosphide And Strychnine Of Nontarget Species, Daniel W. Uresk, Rudy M. King, Anthony D. Apa, Michele S. Deisch, Raymond L. Linder Apr 1987

Rodenticidal Effects Of Zinc Phosphide And Strychnine Of Nontarget Species, Daniel W. Uresk, Rudy M. King, Anthony D. Apa, Michele S. Deisch, Raymond L. Linder

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

When three rodenticide treatments—zinc phosphide (prebaited) and strychnine (both with and without prebait)were evaluated, zinc phosphide was the most effective in reducing active burrows of prairie dogs; but, it also resulted in a reduction in deer mouse densities. One month after treatment, counts of fecal pellets of eastern cottontails were greater on areas treated with strychnine without prebait than on sites treated with zinc phosphide. Eight months after treatment, no differences could be detected among rodenticides for either leporid. Horned lark densities were reduced 61% on sites treated with strychnine only.

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Bullsnake Predation On Waterfowl Nests On Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska, Scott S. Glup, Leonard L. Mcdaniel Apr 1987

Bullsnake Predation On Waterfowl Nests On Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska, Scott S. Glup, Leonard L. Mcdaniel

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Bullsnake (Pituophis melanoleucus) predation on upland nesting ducks was monitored on Valentine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) from 1982-86. The fate of 1,999 duck nests of 9 species was observed under different treatments of land use and control of potential nest predators. Maximum potential levels of bullsnake depredation are masked by nest destruction by mammalian species; bullsnake nest depredation rates were >65% where mammalian predators were controlled, >40% without predator control and <4.0% where both mammalian and reptilian predators were controlled and/or excluded. Duck nest densities were dramatically increased where predator control was accomplished in undisturbed nesting cover.

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Field Evaluation Of Olfactory Attractants And Strategies Used To Capture Depredating Coyotes, George E. Graves, Major L. Boddicker Apr 1987

Field Evaluation Of Olfactory Attractants And Strategies Used To Capture Depredating Coyotes, George E. Graves, Major L. Boddicker

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Forty-five experimental and commercial olfactory attractants (lures) were tested under field conditions over a 30-month period to evaluate attractiveness to coyotes, elicited behaviors, and responses with lethal and simulated lethal coyote capture devices. The top 7 lures evaluated in spring and summer test periods that produced the highest simulated coyote capture rates with trap rings, M-44 heads, and break-away snares were WU 15-20%, Sheep Liver Extract, and (Carman's) Canine Distance Call Lure; (Carman's) Final Touch, Rotten Meat Odor, and TMAD 10%; and Estrous Urine Fractions, respectively.

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Distribution And Impact Of Canada Goose Crop Damage In East-Central Wisconsin, James W. Heinrich, Scott R. Craven Apr 1987

Distribution And Impact Of Canada Goose Crop Damage In East-Central Wisconsin, James W. Heinrich, Scott R. Craven

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Near Horicon marsh, in east-central Wisconsin, increasing fall concentrations of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have produced many opportunities, and a few difficult problems. The problem of crop depredations has plagued the Horicon area since the mid-1960's and has resulted in many changes in goose management in Wisconsin.

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Kansas Wildlife Damage Reporting System, Bart L. Hettenbach Apr 1987

Kansas Wildlife Damage Reporting System, Bart L. Hettenbach

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In the past several years Kansas State University's Extension Wildlife Damage Control Program and the Kansas Fish and Game agency have developed a cooperative program for reporting wildlife damage complaints. The paper will present some data collected, describe the usefulness of this data and provide some data interpretation.

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Management Of Prairie Dog Populations In Wind Cave National Park, Richard W. Klukas Apr 1987

Management Of Prairie Dog Populations In Wind Cave National Park, Richard W. Klukas

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Since the late 1920's there have been periodic control programs on black-tailed prairie dogs in Wind Cave National Park. The most recent control effort, which began in 1982, resulted in the reduction of total dogtown acreage from 2,000 to 750 acres. Recent studies carried out within the park have provided managers with more soundly based justification for carrying out control programs. The same information also points to the importance of maintaining prairie dog populations at or above certain minimum levels and the need for integrating this control program with several of the other resource management programs being carried out in …

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An Evaluation Of Shooting And Habitat Alteration For Control Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Craig J. Knowles Apr 1987

An Evaluation Of Shooting And Habitat Alteration For Control Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Craig J. Knowles

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Shooting at two incipient black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies remover from 12.8 to 17.3 prairie dogs/ha vith reduction of adults averaging 69%. Habitat was physically altered in a portion of one prairie dog colony and activity levels between treated and non-treated areas dia not show any consistent differences.

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Prairie Dog Overpopulation: Value Judgement Or Ecological Reality?, Kirsten Krueger Apr 1987

Prairie Dog Overpopulation: Value Judgement Or Ecological Reality?, Kirsten Krueger

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The subject of prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) overpopulation is complex, and judgements of overpopulation may not be based on prairie dog population size or density. Caughley's (1981) model of animal overpopulation is applied here to prairie dogs to clarify the basis for a judgement of overpopulation in each of several cases. There are ecological components to all such cases, but a purely ecological judgement of overpopulation requires much more information than is currently available. However, defensible management of prairie dog systems is a goal, and time-honored but flawed assumptions are never an adequate substitute for results derived from thorough, scientific …

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Demography And Population Dynamics Of Prairie Dogs, John L. Hoogland, Diane Kay Angell, James G. Daley, Matthew C. Radcliffe Apr 1987

Demography And Population Dynamics Of Prairie Dogs, John L. Hoogland, Diane Kay Angell, James G. Daley, Matthew C. Radcliffe

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

For the last 14 years, we have been studying the sociobiology, demography, and population dynamics of blacktailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. Our study colony covers 6.6 hectares (16 acres) and has not expanded during the period of research; in late spring of each year the colony contains a mean ± SD of 133 ± 29 adults and yearlings and 81 ± 33 juveniles. We have discovered four surprising aspects of the demography and populations dynamics of prairie dogs. (1) Mortality during the first year is approximately 50% for both sexes. Those males that …

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Increasing Waterfowl Production On Points And Islands By Reducing Mammalian Predation, John T. Lokemoen, Richard W. Schnaderbeck, Robert Woodward Apr 1987

Increasing Waterfowl Production On Points And Islands By Reducing Mammalian Predation, John T. Lokemoen, Richard W. Schnaderbeck, Robert Woodward

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

On 12 points, with electric predator barriers, there were 0.84 duck nests per acre with a hatching rate of 60%. On 12 control points, there were 0.23 nests per acre with a hatching rate of 8%. On 9 islands where predators were removed, there were 851 nests in 1986 with 87% nest success. In 1984 and 1985, before predators were controlled, these islands contained 52 nests with 8% nest success. The management cost to produce hatched young on treated points was $7.13 compared with $0.33 for each hatched young on islands.

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Relevant Characteristics Of Zinc Phosphide As A Rodenticide, Rex E. Marsh Apr 1987

Relevant Characteristics Of Zinc Phosphide As A Rodenticide, Rex E. Marsh

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Zinc phosphide has a long history of use and remains an important rodenticide for both commensal and select field rodents. A long list of significant characteristics contributes to its relative safety to nontarget species. It is zinc phosphide's relative safeness to humans, most livestock, and nontarget wildlife that has kept it in vogue, A most relevant and highly proclaimed characteristic is its general lack of potential secondary hazard to predators and scavengers. Poor or inconsistent efficacy on certain field rodents is a major shortcoming that can, in part, be compensated for by prebaiting. Zinc phosphide's favorable characteristics support its continued …

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White-Tailed Prairie Dog Ecology In Wyoming, George E. Menkens Jr., Brian J. Miller, Stanley H. Anderson Apr 1987

White-Tailed Prairie Dog Ecology In Wyoming, George E. Menkens Jr., Brian J. Miller, Stanley H. Anderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

White-tailed prairie dog populations and habitats were studied on six towns in Wyoming. Habitats and habitat structure varied greatly both within and between towns. Prairie dog populations on each town were found to fluctuate by more than 50% between consecutive years. Prairie dog density was not significantly related to burrow density indicating that burrow density was not a useful predictor of population density.

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A Field Habitat Model For Black-Footed Ferrets, Brian J. Miller, George E. Menkens Jr., Stanley H. Anderson Apr 1987

A Field Habitat Model For Black-Footed Ferrets, Brian J. Miller, George E. Menkens Jr., Stanley H. Anderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

We present a model to compare prairie dog complexes with known black-footed ferret habitat. The model assumes: 1) black-footed ferret populations require prairie dog colonies for survival, 2) prairie dog colonies can accommodate an additional black-footed ferret for each approximate 50 hectare increase in size, 3) a higher percentage of overall area covered by prairie dogs can accommodate more black-footed ferrets. We list four biological variables. They are: 1) total hectares in prairie dog colonies, 2) percent of total complex inhabited by prairie dogs, 3) intercolony distance, 4) an estimate of burrow density per hectare. In addition, two non-biological parameters …

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