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Articles 6001 - 6030 of 6879
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Population Reduction Of Richardson's Ground Squirrels Using A Brodifacoum Bait, George H. Matschke, Steve F. Baril, Raymond W. Blaskiewicz
Population Reduction Of Richardson's Ground Squirrels Using A Brodifacoum Bait, George H. Matschke, Steve F. Baril, Raymond W. Blaskiewicz
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings
On 6 study plots (3 treated and 3 control of 2.47. acres--1 ha), we evaluated the efficacy of a 50 ppm brodifacoum grain bait on Richardson's ground squirrels (spermophilus richardsonii Efficacy was measured by 3 methods: (1) radio-telemetry - 22 ground squirrels were live trapped on each treated plot and equipped with radio transmitters, (2) mark-recapture - by mark-recapture sampling methods and the computer program entitled CAPTURE, and (3) Tanaka's formula - by using only marked survivors retrapped posttreatment. Treatment began the day following the pretreatment trapping period by systematically baiting each burrow entrance with approximately 16-19 g of bait. …
The Wildlife Society's Committee On Wildlife Damage Control, Terrell P. Salmon
The Wildlife Society's Committee On Wildlife Damage Control, Terrell P. Salmon
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings
In 1982, the President of the Wildlife Society created a Committee to make recommendations on what the Society should do to be an attractive organization for wildlife professionals specializing in wildlife damage control. The Committee, composed of 7 professionals in wildlife damage control, made 13 recommendations to the Society. Which, if implemented will improve the Society's relationship with wildlife damage control professionals.
The Viability Of Rabies In Carrion, Joseph M. Schaefer
The Viability Of Rabies In Carrion, Joseph M. Schaefer
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings
The viability of rabies virus in carrion is a major factor in affecting the chances that a scavenging animal could contact the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of rabies virus in brains and salivary glands of rabid striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis ) carcasses exposed to different controlled temperatures.
Current Events In Extension Wildlife Damage Control In The United States, James E. Miller
Current Events In Extension Wildlife Damage Control In The United States, James E. Miller
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings
The Cooperative Extension Services (CES) within each state and territory of the United States and their federal partner, the Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), have long recognized the need for, and responsibility of, providing educational programs in wildlife damage control to both rural and urban clientele. The system employed to implement these educational programs was established early in this century dating back to passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914. Through the years since that time, the strengths of this system have been the recognition of the need for a continuing spirit of cooperation with other federal …
Guardian Dog Research In The U.S., John C. Mcgrew
Guardian Dog Research In The U.S., John C. Mcgrew
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings
Research on the use and effectiveness of guardian dogs has been conducted since 1977 at 3 locations in the U.S.: the Livestock Dog Project (Amherst, MA), the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (Dubois, ID), and Colorado State University (Ft. Collins). Their findings are quite consistent: dogs guard sheep and goats directly, i.e., they respond aggressively to predators, chasing them away when necessary, then returning to the flock. This aggressive response toward predators is apparently defense of personal space rather than territorial defense. The development of attentiveness toward sheep, beginning early in life, is probably the most important aspect of training a …
An Evaluation Of Burrow Destruction As A Ground Squirrel Control Method, Dennis C. Stroud
An Evaluation Of Burrow Destruction As A Ground Squirrel Control Method, Dennis C. Stroud
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings
Several researchers have suggested that the presence of burrows is a limiting factor for ground squirrel populations and that the destruction of these burrow systems can reduce the rate of reinvasion following control. However, no one has yet tested the potential value of burrow destruction as a control method.
Welcome, Fred D. Sobering
Welcome, Fred D. Sobering
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings
It's a real pleasure to welcome you to Kansas and to this Sixth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop. The Wildlife Resources Committee of the Great Plains Agricultural Council has always been one of the more active and productive committees of this Council.
Rodent Populations And Crop Damage In Minimum Tillage Corn Fields, Richard E. Young, William R. Clark
Rodent Populations And Crop Damage In Minimum Tillage Corn Fields, Richard E. Young, William R. Clark
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings
No-till and disked cornfields were examined in southwest Iowa to determine small mammal population densities, movements, and impacts of rodent depredations on corn seedlings. Two replicates of the treatments corn planted into. corn stubble, corn planted into chemically treated sod, and corn planted into spring-disked fields were studied during the 1982 and 1983 growing seasons. Grids of 100 Sherman live traps were established at the edge and middle of each field to determine rodent densities and document possible encroachment of small mammals from nearby habitats. Trapping experiments were conducted for 6 consecutive days during May, August, and November. To assess …
The Induction Of Tolerance To Heavy Metals In Natural And Laboratory Populations Of Fish, Wesley J. Birge, William H. Benson, Jeffrey A. Black
The Induction Of Tolerance To Heavy Metals In Natural And Laboratory Populations Of Fish, Wesley J. Birge, William H. Benson, Jeffrey A. Black
KWRRI Research Reports
Aquatic toxicity studies were performed on two natural populations of fathead minnows. One group of organisms was taken from a metal-contaminated flyash pond associated with a coal-fired power plant and the other group was collected from relatively uncontaminated hatchery ponds. Acute tests indicated that flyash pond fish were significantly more tolerant to cadmium and copper than were hatchery fish. At an exposure concentration of 6.0 mg Cd/L in moderately hard water, the median period of survival for flyash pond fish was 50.0 hr compared to 6.8 hr for hatchery fish. Both groups of organisms were about equally sensitive to zinc. …
Effects Of Coprophagy In Microtine Rodents, Jack A. Cranford, E. O. Johnson
Effects Of Coprophagy In Microtine Rodents, Jack A. Cranford, E. O. Johnson
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Digestion and assimilation strategies of herbivorous mammals are diverse but fall into two major categories (Moir, 1968; Gartner and Pfaff, 1979; Hume and Warner, 1980). The most complex of which occurs in the lagomorphs and has been well studied. In contrast rodents exhibit great variability in diet and nutritional biology (Landry, 1970; Baker, 1971; Kenagy and Hoyt, 1980). Early reports of coprophagy by rodents were incidental or descriptive, and indicated it was infrequent (Howell and Gersh, 1935; Ingles, 1961; Wilkes, 1962; Hoover et al., 1969; Jarvis, 1981). Rats mechanically prevented from reingesting feces showed reduced growth rates (Barnes et al., …
Digestible Energy Content Of Diets Of Pine Voles From Different Orchard Habitat Types, S. L. Macpherson, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Digestible Energy Content Of Diets Of Pine Voles From Different Orchard Habitat Types, S. L. Macpherson, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
In a previous study at VPI & SU, Servello (1981) developed a technique for predicting the digestible dry matter (DDM) and digestible energy (DE) of the diets of pine voles from a nutritive analysis of their stomach contents. In this nutritive analysis, developed by Goering and Van Soest (1970), feeds are divided into two major fractions: cell soluble and cell wall fractions. The cell soluble fraction is highly digestible while the cell wall (fiber) fraction varies in digestibility. It was found that the highly digestible cell soluble values of the stomach contents were the best predictor of the digestibility of …
Velsicol Markets More Than A Rodenticide, Velsicol Chemical Corporation
Velsicol Markets More Than A Rodenticide, Velsicol Chemical Corporation
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Manufacturer's responsibility does not end with production of a high quality bait. There are several excellent rodenticides on the market today, but their effectiveness depends on the applicators understanding of what he is doing and why he is doing it. That's why Velsicol has shifted so much of its emphasis to studying rodent behavior and rodenticide application technology. To provide orchardists with an understanding of the dynamics of orchard vole control, Velsicol developed an educational program based on integration of good management practices with chemical and non-chemical methods of control. The program covers orchard cultural practices, identification of voles, vole …
Effect Of 6-Mboa On Microtus Pinetorum And Microtus Pennsylvanicus Of Different Ages, J. A. Cranford
Effect Of 6-Mboa On Microtus Pinetorum And Microtus Pennsylvanicus Of Different Ages, J. A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Short-lived small rodents require environmental cues to synchronize their breeding with optimal environmental conditions. In the absence of such cues animals would waste a large portion of their reproductive effort when environmental conditions were unfavorable. Rowan (1938) noted that endocrine systems regulating mammalian reproduction responded to the environmental photoperiodic cues. Bodenheimer (1946) observed that major outbreaks of voles in Palestine could not be correlated with environmental factors such as climate, photoperiod, volume of food resources, or population density, acting either alone or in combination. From those studies he suggested that vole outbreaks were associated with an unknown factor or factors …
Effect Of Group Size On Body Weight In Different Thermal Environments For Microtus Pinetorum, J. A. Cranford, N. N. Thumser
Effect Of Group Size On Body Weight In Different Thermal Environments For Microtus Pinetorum, J. A. Cranford, N. N. Thumser
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Seasonal variation in growth rates has been well documented in some small rodents (Kubik, 1965; Brown, 1973; Iverson and Turner, 1974; Peterborg, 1978; Pistole and Cranford, 1983). During winter juveniles tend to show little or no growth; however, Kubik (1965) found that Cleithronomys glareolus born in late fall went through a two-phase growth pattern. Growing rapidly until winter and then resuming rapid growth the following spring. Additionally, Brown (1973) has reported the same two-phase growth in Microtus pennsylvanicus. Iverson and Turner (1974) demonstrated that Microtus pennsylvanicus adults showed a loss of weight during winter, and Pistole and Cranford (1983) have …
Regulation Of Reproduction In An Outbred Colony Of Pine Voles, John J. Lepri
Regulation Of Reproduction In An Outbred Colony Of Pine Voles, John J. Lepri
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) cause economic losses to orchardists in the eastern United States by gnawing on the roots of fruit trees. Although they are small in body size, their impact on orchards can be quite substantial: in 1979 half of the annual mortality of apple trees in Henderson County, North Carolina, was attributed to vole damage (Sutton et a1 1981). Rodenticide application integrated with cultural management is currently regarded as a good combination for controlling vole populations in orchards. However, this solution to the vole problem is incomplete because poisons may unintentionally harm non-target organisms (Hegda1, Gatz & Fite …
Results Of 1982 Rodenticide Field Tests, M. H. Merson, R. E. Byers
Results Of 1982 Rodenticide Field Tests, M. H. Merson, R. E. Byers
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A 2.0% zinc phosphide pellet and a 0.001% brodifacoum bait gave the lowest percentage post-treatment activity in a field test in which broadcast applications were followed shortly by rain. There was not a clear difference in performance between the single-feeding toxicants and the multiple-feeding anticoagulants in this experiment. A 0.075% cholecalciferol bait gave control comparable to some registered materials and shows promise for future development. A bait containing 0.0216% diphacinone gave significantly better control than one containing 0.005% diphacinone.
Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles In An Orchard, Ralph E. Pagano
Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles In An Orchard, Ralph E. Pagano
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Several radiotelemetry studies have now been completed in the orchards of the mid-Hudson Valley, New York. The results of one of these projects, a l2-month study of the movements and habitat use of pine and meadow voles, will be reported on here. The success of an integrated vole management program using cultural practices and rodenticides depends a great deal on knowing the movements and habitat use of the two orchard vole species. Species interactions that could lead to differential use of the orchard habitat are another important element in a vole management program. This study focused on three major objectives: …
Effects Of Three Pine Vole Populations On Apple Tree Growth And Productivity, Milo Richmond, Pamela Miller, Chester Forshey
Effects Of Three Pine Vole Populations On Apple Tree Growth And Productivity, Milo Richmond, Pamela Miller, Chester Forshey
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Few attempts have been made to quantify the damage to agricultural crops resulting from known densities of a particular pest. Availability of such information, even in its most basic form, is essential to making cost-effective management decisions. The question seems straightforward and simple; however, it is neither. For example, the damage caused by rodents in an apple orchard is not easily observed or measured. Moreover, the ultimate economic effects are dependant to s.ome degree upon tree age, variety and replacement cost; weather, productivity market prices, and a host of other manageable and unmanageable factors facing the grower. In addition to …
Social Influences On Reproduction In Pine Voles, Margaret H. Schadler
Social Influences On Reproduction In Pine Voles, Margaret H. Schadler
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The presence of large populations of pine voles in apple orchards suggests that in the field reproduction of these pests has few constraints. Yet, evidence collected from our colony at Union College indicates that in the laboratory reproduction is not at random but instead is socially restrained and predictable. Unless these findings are artifacts of laboratory life, they may help explain some of the data collected in the field. Horsfall (1963) trapped voles every month of the year from an orchard near Cloverdale, VA. Since he found pregnant females in all collections, he concluded that reproduction occurred throughout the year …
Long Term Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, W. D. Blaine, Stan Taylor
Long Term Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, W. D. Blaine, Stan Taylor
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The results obtained so far in this 3 year study have shown that the plots with poisoned bait feeder stations suffered significantly less tree girdling than the plots treated with the fall broadcast application of 2% zinc phosphide. Similar timings were also observed in number of voles per plot, however, the vole population was much lower than the previous year. Considerable interest has been shown by apple growers in adopting this method of vole control at a commercial level.
Efficacy Of Spring Broadcast Rodenticides In The Hudson Valley, New York, Paul F. Steblein, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond
Efficacy Of Spring Broadcast Rodenticides In The Hudson Valley, New York, Paul F. Steblein, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Subsequent to the prohibition of endrin use in New York State, a variety of alternate rodenticides and methods of rodenticide application have been examined in an effort to develop effective control measures for the pine vole, Pitymys pinetorum. These studies indicate that the manner in which the rodenticides are applied substantially influences their effectiveness in controlling pine voles. Specifically, in our experience placing poisoned bait directly in the animal’s subsurface tunnel systems has proved to be the most effective means of vole control. However, this method of bait placement is both time consuming and expensive. An alternate more cost-effective method …
1982-83 Toxicant Vole Control, Roger S. Young
1982-83 Toxicant Vole Control, Roger S. Young
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
No abstract provided.
Highlights Of The Seventh Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Ross E. Byers
Highlights Of The Seventh Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Ross E. Byers
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The Seventh Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Cliffside Inn, Box 786, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, March 3-4, 1983 for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was held to provide a problem solving atmosphere in which growers, governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI, the chemical industry, and university personnel could observe the current thrusts of research and extension programs and their impact on future control strategies.
Economics Of Microtus Control In Eastern U.S. Orchards, Ross E. Byers
Economics Of Microtus Control In Eastern U.S. Orchards, Ross E. Byers
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Chemical methods were found to be less expensive for control of voles (Microtus spp.) in orchards than the use of clean culture (combinations of herbicides, mowing, and cultivation). Ground cover sprays of hexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo-endo-dimethanaphthalene (Endrin) or 2-[(p-chlorophenyl) phenylacetyl-l,3-indandione (Chlorophacinone, CPN, Rozol) required greater equipment and pesticide costs than hand placed or broadcast baits. Since active ingredient rates for ground cover sprayed chemicals may be 100-400 times that for hand placement or broadcast baiting, the costs for any new ground spray will likely be too expensive to be practical. Broadcast baiting, while less labor intensive than hand baiting, was found to be …
Economics And Control Of Damage Caused By Low-Density Populations Of Meadow Voles In Ontario Apple Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger
Economics And Control Of Damage Caused By Low-Density Populations Of Meadow Voles In Ontario Apple Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Live trapping and questionnaires were used to evaluate amount, distribution, and costs of control of damage to Ontario apple trees by meadow voles (Microtus enns lvanicus) in 1981-82. In a sample of 180 orchards, 5802 (0.77%) trees were damaged or killed by voles. Orchards with high levels of damage (> 2.5%) were smaller than the average orchard in our sample. Application of rodenticides showed no relationship to levels of damage, but was effective in short-term population reduction. Growers spent an average of $17/ha on rodenticides and $38/ha on herbicides, and they estimated that voles destroyed 2% of their crop each …
Acceptability Of Six Candidate Groundcovers To Meadow Voles, Edwin Lewis, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo Richmond
Acceptability Of Six Candidate Groundcovers To Meadow Voles, Edwin Lewis, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Meadow vole food preferences were examined by means of a series Of two day trials where pairs of plants were offered. Of the six plants tested, three (white clover, red clover, alfalfa) were found to be highly preferred by the voles, one (red fuscue) was acceptable, and two species (myrtle and crownvetch) were unacceptable. The results suggest that the undesirable groundcovers may be used as a deterrent to the establishment of meadow vole populations.
Movements Of Meadow Voles In Winter: Implications For Vole Management In Orchard Habitat, Dale M. Madison, Randall W. Fitzgerald, William J. Mcshea
Movements Of Meadow Voles In Winter: Implications For Vole Management In Orchard Habitat, Dale M. Madison, Randall W. Fitzgerald, William J. Mcshea
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The movements of meadow voles in a field population were studied using radiotelemetry during fall and winter. The voles changed from a dispersed, solitary dispersion pattern during early autumn to social clusters with communal nesting during winter. This shift occurred as the daily median temperature approached freezing. Movement was inhibited and localized during winter, except under snow when the voles exhibited a freedom of movement not experienced during other times of the year. Overwinter management of meadow voles in orchard habitats is discussed in view of these findings.
The Efficacy Of Several Broadcast Rodenticides In The Mid-Hudson Valley, New York, Ralph Pagano, Jay Mcaninch
The Efficacy Of Several Broadcast Rodenticides In The Mid-Hudson Valley, New York, Ralph Pagano, Jay Mcaninch
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
As summarized by LaVoie and Tietjen (1978), many aspects of vole control using rodenticides including the costs/benefits of rodenticide use, applicator limitations in commercial orchards, and vole biology have not received proper attention. Data relating vole population levels to damage severity have not been generated and thus the exact benefits of control measures are difficult to analyze. Several aspects of vole biology have only recently been considered in rodenticide application procedures. Problems such as bait acceptance and percentage population control have created disparity in several rodenticide experiments (Richmond et al., 1978). A knowledge of vole use of vegetative cover and …
The Influence Of Soil Moisture, Texture, And Temperature On Nest-Site Selection And Burrowing Activity By The Pine Vole, Microtus Plnetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond
The Influence Of Soil Moisture, Texture, And Temperature On Nest-Site Selection And Burrowing Activity By The Pine Vole, Microtus Plnetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) have long been recognized as a pest species in fruit orchards of the eastern United States (Hamilton 1935). These semifossorial rodents construct tunnel systems beneath apple trees where they eat entire roots or strip roots of bark and cambium. Hamilton (1938) reported numbers of pine voles within apple orchards as high as 200-300 voles per acre which is in sharp contrast to the relative scarcity of pine voles outside orchard situations (Crain and Packard 1966; Goertz 1971), These findings suggest that orchard habitat provides excellent conditions for pine vole growth and reproduction, although the specific components …