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Articles 6211 - 6240 of 6879

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Red Kangaroo Management In Western Australia, C.D. Gooding Mar 1980

Red Kangaroo Management In Western Australia, C.D. Gooding

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The Red Kangaroo is the dominant native grazing herbivore over much of the arid rangeland area of Western Australia, where the species exists side by side with introduced livestock. The numbers are such that Red Kangaroos can be utilized as the basis for a commercial harvesting industry provided the population is managed on a sustained yield basis. The WA Management Programme is designed to take account of the need for conservation of the species and for protection of the livestock industry and the rangelands on which both kangaroos and the livestock industry depend.

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An Ecological Strategy For Controlling Bovine Rabies Through Elimination Of Vampire Bats, Rexford D. Lord Mar 1980

An Ecological Strategy For Controlling Bovine Rabies Through Elimination Of Vampire Bats, Rexford D. Lord

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Because of the limited resources of most Latin American countries, an ecological strategy for controlling bovine rabies through elimination of vampire bats is proposed instead of attempting total eradication. The strategy is essentially a combination of one or more of the anticoagulant control techniques applied with knowledge of the epizootiology of vampire rabies. Since rabies outbreaks in vampire bats are migratory, each outbreak is studied to determine the direction and velocity of its course, then an area is selected in its path where vampires are eliminated, forming a barrier and resulting in elimination of the outbreak.

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Closing Remarks ─ Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference , Rex E. Marsh Mar 1980

Closing Remarks ─ Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference , Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Closing Remarks

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Avitrol-Treated Bait For Protection Of Grapes From House Finch Damage, Lee R. Martin, William T. Jarvis Mar 1980

Avitrol-Treated Bait For Protection Of Grapes From House Finch Damage, Lee R. Martin, William T. Jarvis

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Damage to grapes by house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) is widespread and well documented in California. DeHaven (1974) estimated that damage in nine counties exceeded 0.75 million dollars while Clark (1976) indicates a probable loss of 3.7 million dollars throughout the entire state. Crase et al. (1976) indicated that house finches undoubtedly are the principal depredating species. Various protection measures are described by Piper & Neff (1937), Boudreau (1972), and Clark (1975, 1976). Current protection programs are explained by Crabb and Martin (1977).

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Federally Registered Pesticides For Vertebrate Pest Control, Raymond W. Matheny Mar 1980

Federally Registered Pesticides For Vertebrate Pest Control, Raymond W. Matheny

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

At the 1978 Vertebrate Pest Conference, Glenn Hood talked of vertebrate control chemicals, their registration status at that time, the rebuttable presumptions against registration and effects on users. He presented an overview of reregistration, classification, labeling, application certification, experimental use permits, emergency use and state registrations. Essentially, what he stated is as true today as when he addressed this conference. I'll try not to duplicate his fine presentation but rather give you an update about those long awaited for and somewhat controversial Guidelines for registering pesticides in the United States, the current status of strychnine and 1080 in the RPAR …

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Keynote Address ─ New Concepts In Wildlife Management, Lester Mccann Mar 1980

Keynote Address ─ New Concepts In Wildlife Management, Lester Mccann

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

New Concepts in Wildlife Management

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Protecting Polyethylene Irrigation Pipes Against Damage Caused By Woodpeckers, Schmuel Moran, Chaim Keidar, Yehuda Wolf Mar 1980

Protecting Polyethylene Irrigation Pipes Against Damage Caused By Woodpeckers, Schmuel Moran, Chaim Keidar, Yehuda Wolf

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Several methods were evaluated for protecting polyethylene irrigation pipes against pecking damage caused by the Syrian woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus). Only by burying the pipes in the ground damage was effectively prevented. Other methods studied, the use of the game repellent Arbinol, covering the pipes with polyethylene sheets, and growing a weed cover, though reducing the rate of the damage, proved not to be sufficiently effective as an economic solution of the problem.

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Dispersing Blackbirds And Starlings From Objectionable Roost Sites, Donald F. Mott Mar 1980

Dispersing Blackbirds And Starlings From Objectionable Roost Sites, Donald F. Mott

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Frightening devices and other methods of dispersing roosting blackbirds and starlings are described along with the techniques for their proper application. In a study in the southeastern United States, exploding shotgun shells and noise bombs were used to disperse roosts of up to 1 million birds. Five roosts containing up to 1 million blackbirds and starlings were 96 to 100% dispersed by two to five people during three to eight evenings of harassment. Dispersal cost between $80 and $535 per roost.

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Efficacy Of Predator Damage Control Programs, Roger D. Nass Mar 1980

Efficacy Of Predator Damage Control Programs, Roger D. Nass

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Data about the efficacy of predator damage reduction programs are shown for predation loss studies with control, loss studies without control, complaint resolution or success rates, and predation-predatorcapture sequences. This combined evidence indicates that animal damage control programs are reducing predation on livestock.

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Plague Studies In California — The Roles Of Various Species Of Sylvatic Rodents In Plague Ecology In California, Bernard C. Nelson Mar 1980

Plague Studies In California — The Roles Of Various Species Of Sylvatic Rodents In Plague Ecology In California, Bernard C. Nelson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The status of our knowledge of the roles of various sylvatic rodents in plague ecology in California is reviewed. Two theories, Pavlovsky's doctrine of focality of zoonotic diseases and Baltazard's proposal that plague is maintained in nature in resistant rodent species, form the framework for our understanding of the occurrence and persistence of plague. The concepts of resistance, reservoir species, susceptibility, and recipient species are defined and discussed. The ecological attributes that appear to enhance the role of certain rodent species as reservoirs are proposed, and the ecological features that appear to produce epizootics are briefly outlined. Based on current …

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The Need For Good Public Relations And Staff Training In The Use Of Toxins In Pest Destruction, Peter C. Nelson Mar 1980

The Need For Good Public Relations And Staff Training In The Use Of Toxins In Pest Destruction, Peter C. Nelson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

With ever-increasing environmental pressures being placed on all animal control agencies worldwide, particularly those utilizing toxins as control weapons, the time has arisen where those agencies must attempt to anticipate these pressures which are likely to become more vocal and counter them wherever possible before they happen. It is an accepted fact that the world as a whole has become extremely environmental conscious in all fields, not just pest control. This can be seen or heard most days of the week in newspapers, on television or radio. The reasons for this awareness of the environmental problem are wide and diverse …

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Factors Responsible For The Successful Establishment Of Exotic Avian Species In Southeastern Florida, Alison C. Rand Mar 1980

Factors Responsible For The Successful Establishment Of Exotic Avian Species In Southeastern Florida, Alison C. Rand

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Presently southeastern Florida has at least 24 established exotic avian species from both New and Old World families. This much man-modified region of Florida is characterized by the Atlantic Coastal Ridge in Palm Beach, Broward and Dade Counties and the Florida Keys of Monroe County. Because of the draining of the Everglades to the west, the filling of the mangroves on the seaward side, and the accompanying urban-suburban sprawl, many exotic plant species have invaded the Ridge thus preparing the environment for introduced birds. The Red-whiskered Bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus, illustrates this point. Most exotic avian species have appeared and colonized …

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Taste-Aversion Learning And Its Implications For Rodent Control, Robert J. Robbins Mar 1980

Taste-Aversion Learning And Its Implications For Rodent Control, Robert J. Robbins

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Although bait shyness has long been recognized as a problem to be overcome in the control of vertebrate pests, it has recently been suggested that the phenomenon might be turned to an advantage and used as an alternative, non-lethal form of control. Unfortunately, this technique has not proven to be as useful as hoped, as the work which has been done on coyotes is inconclusive at best and some recent work on rodents has cast serious doubts upon the method's potential. However, an extensive literature dealing with the formation of poison-based food aversions now exists, and insights gained from these …

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The Habits And Influence On The Environment Of The Old World Porcupine Hystrix Cristata L. In The Northernmost Part Of Its Range, L. Santini Mar 1980

The Habits And Influence On The Environment Of The Old World Porcupine Hystrix Cristata L. In The Northernmost Part Of Its Range, L. Santini

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The Crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata L.) has been shown to have considerably increased in numbers, and to have occupied new territories in Tuscany, which is the northernmost part of its range. New data on its ecology and biology, and the negative effects of an excessive density of these rodents on the rural and natural environment are reported. Since this species is protected by law in Italy, because of its high value from the faunistic point of view, some possible techniques, to be improved upon, for the capture and redistribution of live specimens are discussed.

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Development Of A Simple Two-Ingredient Pyrotechnic Fumigant, Peter J. Savarie, James R. Tigner, Donald J. Elias, David J. Hayes Mar 1980

Development Of A Simple Two-Ingredient Pyrotechnic Fumigant, Peter J. Savarie, James R. Tigner, Donald J. Elias, David J. Hayes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

In laboratory tests with adult coyotes (Canis latrans) a pyrotechnic fumigant containing two active ingredients, sodium nitrate and charcoal, was found to be just as effective as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Gas Cartridge that contains six active and two inactive ingredients. The two-ingredient cartridge produces high concentrations of carbon monoxide. Field tests with cartridges containing 240 g of 65% sodium nitrate and 35% charcoal produced a 96% mortality rate in coyote pups. A cartridge containing 65 g of 65% sodium nitrate and 35% charcoal was effective in both laboratory and field tests on wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). …

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Studies Of The Toxicity Of Vacor (Rh-787) On The Reproductive Biology Of Rattus Rattus Rufescens, Y. Saxena, P.P. Sharma, M. Zutshi Mar 1980

Studies Of The Toxicity Of Vacor (Rh-787) On The Reproductive Biology Of Rattus Rattus Rufescens, Y. Saxena, P.P. Sharma, M. Zutshi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Investigations on damage, losses and diseases attributed to rodents in India are well documented by Barnett and Prakash (1975), Fitzwater and Prakash (1973). The toxicity of rodenticides on the rodents have been studied by several investigators such as Cowan (1978), Marsh and Howard (1975, 1977). Some rodenticides are less potent and induce overall deleterious effects on biological systems but not on mortality. Therefore, studies on the effects of these agents on the reproductive biology would be of significance as reported by D'souza and Batra (1975). Srivastava et al. (1979) investigated the bait shyness as shown by rodents in case of …

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Multiple Litters In The California Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Beecheyi Fisheri, In Tulare County, George L. Simpson, Thomas K. Lamunyon Mar 1980

Multiple Litters In The California Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Beecheyi Fisheri, In Tulare County, George L. Simpson, Thomas K. Lamunyon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

From the fall of 1977 through late spring of 1979, periodic examination of female ground squirrels in the low oak woodlands of southern Tulare County revealed that as much as 20 percent of the reproductively active females bred a second time within a given breeding season. This began to occur 50 to 80 days after the beginning of the breeding season. Evidence of litter loss from abortion was inapparent in 1979, but grossly obvious uterine inflammation was seen in 2 percent of the females in 1978. Neonatal losses were undetermined. Rebreeding appeared to occur in the older females, 2 years …

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Efficacy Tests Of Different Rodenticides On Some Species Of Rats In Thailand, Kasem Tongtavee Mar 1980

Efficacy Tests Of Different Rodenticides On Some Species Of Rats In Thailand, Kasem Tongtavee

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Two acute rodenticides, zinc phosphide and Vacor, at different concentrations were tested on the rice field rats (Rattus argentiventer) and the bandicoot rats (Bandicota indica) with a choice-feeding procedure. It was found that zinc phosphide at 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.6% caused 30%, 30%, and 60% mortality, respectively, to R. argentiventer, and at 1.6% caused death only 30% to B. indica, whereas Vacor at 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.6% caused 70%, 60% and 80% mortality, respectively to R. argentiventer and this compound at 1.6% killed 60% of B. indica. Five anticoagulants Actosin-P, warfarin, Racumin, brodifacoum, and chlorophacinone also were tested on R. argentiventer and …

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Rat Control In Coconut Palms In Colombia, Danilo Valencia Mar 1980

Rat Control In Coconut Palms In Colombia, Danilo Valencia

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The black rat (Rattus rattus) causes severe damage to coconut (Cocos nucifera) crops in Colombia. These rodents climb to the crown of producing palms and often nest there. Damage results from the rats gnawing the shells of the coconuts until they penetrate to the endosperm; the perforated nuts will fall within a period of 15 days and are unsuitable for harvest.
Since 1972, the Colombian Agricultural Research Institute (Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario or ICA), through its Vertebrate Control Program, has been conducting a series of investigations to obtain information about the characteristics of this damage and the best means of reducing …

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Predator Damage Control, 1980: Recent History And Current Status, Dale A. Wade Mar 1980

Predator Damage Control, 1980: Recent History And Current Status, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

This review summarizes executive and other actions relating to cancellation of the predacides in 1972 and related events. A chronology of these actions and events is appended (Appendix A). Predator damage control operations, and research findings over the past decade, are briefly reviewed and related political decisions are discussed.

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Population Studies On Gerbils Of The Western Desert Of Egypt, With Special Reference To Gerbillus Andersoni De Winton, Kamal Wassif, Sohail Soliman Mar 1980

Population Studies On Gerbils Of The Western Desert Of Egypt, With Special Reference To Gerbillus Andersoni De Winton, Kamal Wassif, Sohail Soliman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Population studies on the gerbil, Gerbillus andersoni, were carried out in Omayed in the Western Desert of Egypt during the period from July 1976 through August 1978 inclusive. Studies included determination of the sex ratio in the different age and weight groups, as well as seasonal changes in this ratio. The mean weight and age at the onset of maturity and the reproductive activity of both sexes were determined. The study also included seasonal changes in mean body weights of both sexes, those of the testes in relation to body weights, as well as changes in the length of the …

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The Influence Of Insects In Bird Damage Control, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer Mar 1980

The Influence Of Insects In Bird Damage Control, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Considerable effort has gone into developing and testing the various management methods for keeping blackbirds out of cornfields, but little work has been directed at understanding the relationship of the birds or the damage control methods to the other organisms within cornfields. This report shows that in a number of cases insects may influence bird-damage control programs. It points out the complex interaction among organisms that can occur in agricultural crops and the importance of considering pest control from an integrated view instead of from a single-species basis.

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Environmental Manipulation In Roof Rat Control Programs, Gene Zdunowski Mar 1980

Environmental Manipulation In Roof Rat Control Programs, Gene Zdunowski

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The control of roof rat Rattus rattus involves not just chemical and physical suppression, exclusion, and sanitation in an integrated environmental manipulation approach, but in order for the environmental manipulative technique to work, the environmental-behavioral habits of the individuals living in these roof rat infested areas must be modified. Once a target area of known rodent infestation has been initially impacted and environmentally improved upon, the task by the homeowner to continue to practice environmental manipulation must be ongoing. Continued maintenance of the environmentally improved area by staff knowledgeable in environmental manipulation and behavioral modification is the only way to …

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Exclusion Of Gulls From Reservoirs In Orange County, California, William Amling Mar 1980

Exclusion Of Gulls From Reservoirs In Orange County, California, William Amling

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Measures to exclude gulls from two coastal domestic water supply reservoirs in Orange County have included the use of shotguns, exploding shell cartridges and carbide cannons. Alternative methods were explored which hopefully would prove more effective and less costly than the harassment techniques being employed. The installation of a network of spaced wire over the reservoir water surface has successfully excluded gulls from these bodies of water.

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Deratization Of Budapest And Five Years Of Follow-Up Control Measures, Daniel Bajomi Mar 1980

Deratization Of Budapest And Five Years Of Follow-Up Control Measures, Daniel Bajomi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

A brief review of deratization carried out in Budapest (.2 million inhabitants) is given. As a result of an extensive eradication project initial infestation level of premises amounting to 33% decreased below 0.5%. Materials and techniques employed for the preservation of a rat free state as well as the method how to determine the size of the remainder of the rat population are described. "Idealized premises" were introduced allowing comparison between rat infestations of various areas. Report on the relationship between rat population and temperature, on the areal dispersion of population and on how re-infestation occurs. Finally conclusions are drawn …

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Mountain Beaver Problems In The Forests Of California, Oregon And Washington, John E. Borrecco, Robert J. Anderson Mar 1980

Mountain Beaver Problems In The Forests Of California, Oregon And Washington, John E. Borrecco, Robert J. Anderson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa) cause considerable damage to forest trees in the Pacific Northwest. Feeding injuries result in mortality, growth losses, deformity of trees, and understocked plantations. Losses are most severe in new plantations with significant damage problems also occurring in sapling stands. Trapping, and placing physical barriers around individual trees, are the most common methods of control. Both methods are costly but effective in reducing damage.

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The Situation Of Grain-Eating Birds In Somalia, Richard L. Bruggers Mar 1980

The Situation Of Grain-Eating Birds In Somalia, Richard L. Bruggers

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Research into the biology and control of pest birds in Somalia has continued intermittently since 1971 under UNDP funding of four projects. Data have been gathered on the identification, distribution, and status of the principal pest species to agriculture. These species include the Red-billed Quelea (Quelea quelea), of which northern and southern races occur, and several other ploceid weavers (Ploceus spp.) which may damage cereal crops. The movements, food habits, and corresponding impact of these species on agriculture in Somalia are discussed in detail. As a result of the information obtained during these years of research, emphasis has recently shifted …

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Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker Mar 1980

Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

One of the biggest problems In our mouse control program at H. F. and T. B. Byrd, Inc. in Timberville, Virginia Is keeping a palatable bait before the voles until the bait can be accepted. For years we used labor needed for pruning to place an expensive bait only to be impeded by wet weather that molded the bait.

This year an effort is being made to keep the bait in good condition and before the target animal for a longer time. We cut old car tires (not steel belted) given to us by a local distributor and rented his …

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Evaluation Of Impacts Associated With Reregulation Of Water Levels In Lake Mohave, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker, U.S. Water And Power Resources Service Mar 1980

Evaluation Of Impacts Associated With Reregulation Of Water Levels In Lake Mohave, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker, U.S. Water And Power Resources Service

Publications (WR)

The U.S. Water and Power Resources Service is considering reregulating Lake Mohave water levels to increase the net power benefit from Hoover Dam. Reregulation will not increase the generation capacity of the Hoover powerplant but it will enable the plant operation to be increased when the energy has greater monetary value. Energy generated at different times of the year has different market value, the highest being in January-March and July- September. By generating more power during these periods more net monetary benefit can be derived from Hoover Dam. The total volume of water released from Hoover Dam over an annual …

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Rodenticide Use In Apple Orchards, Walter L. Ferguson Feb 1980

Rodenticide Use In Apple Orchards, Walter L. Ferguson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The preliminary data presented in this paper were obtained from the 1978 Survey of Pesticide Use on Deciduous Fruits (Figure 1). The survey was conducted by the Economics, Statistics and Cooperatives Service, USDA.

The purpose of this paper is to present information on: (1) rodenticides used in controlling meadow and pine voles, (2) method and timing of applications and type of coverage, (3) tree losses due to vole injury by region, and (4) growers perceived efficacy of chemicals versus cultural and mechanical controls. These data are based on the aggregated responses of the surveyed apple producers.

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