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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Closing Remarks—Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark Mar 1978

Closing Remarks—Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

closing remarks

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Control Of Ground Squirrels In California Using Anticoagulant Treated Baits, Dell O. Clark Mar 1978

Control Of Ground Squirrels In California Using Anticoagulant Treated Baits, Dell O. Clark

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Anticoagulant treated grain baits have been used to control vertebrate pest depredations in California for over 30 years. The use of anticoagulant treated baits has increased seven (7) times in the past seven (7) years; the majority for the use of ground squirrel, Spermophilus spp., control. Since 1968-69, an average of 1,747,828 net over 5,700,919 gross acres per year has been treated for ground squirrel control.

Current use patterns for ground squirrel control with anticoagulant treated baits include: (1) Repeated spot baitings, and (2) exposure of bait in bait boxes.

Experimental work and many years of operational field use have …

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Conference Participants Mar 1978

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

A total of 436 people registered. They came from 37 states, the District of Columbia, and 12 other countries: Canada, Egypt, England, France, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Switzerland, and Venezuela. The international representation contributed greatly to the success of the Conference by providing an exchange of information on an international level.

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Toxic Collar For Control Of Sheep-Killing Coyotes: A Progress Report, Guy E. Connolly, Richard E. Griffiths Jr., Peter J. Savarie Mar 1978

Toxic Collar For Control Of Sheep-Killing Coyotes: A Progress Report, Guy E. Connolly, Richard E. Griffiths Jr., Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The toxic sheep collar is the most selective method known for killing coyotes that prey on domestic sheep. The concept dates back to the early 1900's, and has been studied at the Denver Wildlife Research Center (DWRC) since 1974. Field tests with sodium cyanide (NaCN) in 1975 were unsuccessful due to repellent properties of the toxicant and to the apparent reluctance of coyotes to attack tethered lambs wearing bulky collars. Coyotes attacked one or more tethered, collared lambs in 7 of the 19 test pastures. In all, 14 collared lambs were attacked. Eight of the collars were punctured but no …

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Bird Damage Research At The University Of California, Davis, A. Charles Crabb Mar 1978

Bird Damage Research At The University Of California, Davis, A. Charles Crabb

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The University of California, Davis, starling research program was broadened in 1976 to encompass agricultural pest birds in general. Under new direction there were a number of applied problems studied. The effects of feeding cattle only between 1600 hours and 0800 hours on cattle weight gain was studied with results indicating slower weight gains and lower meat quality when compared to cattle fed ad lib. Feed component selection by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) was also studied finding that a starling selected diet contains a higher percentage of the high protein components than present in a commercially prepared dairy feed …

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World Bird Damage Problems, John W. De Grazio Mar 1978

World Bird Damage Problems, John W. De Grazio

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

There is a lack of information on bird-caused economic losses on a worldwide basis. Some estimates are available for specific problems in the United States, Canada, and parts of Oceania and Europe, but loss estimates are almost totally lacking in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. To justify development of control programs, it is desirable that reliable data on losses be obtained. Such data are helpful at all levels of decision-making about bird control, from research to implementation.

Bird damage situations throughout the world are similar, involving many of the same crops and genera of birds.

This report summarizes major damage …

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A Public Information Program On Predator Damage Control, David S. Decalesta Mar 1978

A Public Information Program On Predator Damage Control, David S. Decalesta

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

A public information and education program was developed in Oregon to defuse a controversy between environmentalists and livestock growers over management of predator damage control. Emphasis was placed on involving special interest and leadership/influential groups in the program and participa-tion was high. Attempts were made to involve the "general public" but response to solicitation and participation were low. Participating groups thought the program was of high value and expressed the need for additional information. Attitudes and beliefs of the special interest groups were changed little by the program, but constructive communications between the groups increased and the controversy dwindled. A …

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Aversive Conditioning Tests Of Black Bears In Beeyards Failed, Michael J. Dorrance, Lawrence D. Roy Mar 1978

Aversive Conditioning Tests Of Black Bears In Beeyards Failed, Michael J. Dorrance, Lawrence D. Roy

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of emetic compounds (lithium chloride and cupric sulfate) in honey baits as a technique for preventing black bear damage in fenced beeyards. LiCl and CuSO4 in honey baits did not reduce black bear damage at beeyards. Our experience indicates that LiCl is not a suitable emetic for producing taste aversions in free-ranging black bears.

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Brodifacoum (Talon™ Rodenticide), A Novel Concept, A.C. Dubock, D.E. Kaukeinen Mar 1978

Brodifacoum (Talon™ Rodenticide), A Novel Concept, A.C. Dubock, D.E. Kaukeinen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Brodifacoum, a new rodenticide, is described. This anticoagulant is shown to be of exceptional potency and capable of controlling resistant rodents as well as several non-commensal species. Results demonstrate that, in contrast to first generation anticoagulants, a bait concentration of only 50 ppm is adequate to give control and in only a single feeding for most species. In common with other anticoagulants, vitamin K1 is an effective antidote. In contrast with other acute rodenticides, symptoms are delayed and no bait shyness is observed. The results of laboratory and field trials from many parts of the world are summarized and …

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Electromagnetic Repellers—Fact Or Fiction?, William D. Fitzwater Mar 1978

Electromagnetic Repellers—Fact Or Fiction?, William D. Fitzwater

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The effectiveness of devices that supposedly repel a large number of invertebrate and vertebrate animals by emitting oscillating electromagnetic impulses is investigated. While scientific support that electromagnetic forces affect biological systems exists, these data are based on animals confined under higher intensity fields than are seemingly produced by commercial units. A number of instances of field use of the devices is discussed. These indicate little objective support for the units.

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8th Vertebrate Pest Conference 1978 Frontmatter Mar 1978

8th Vertebrate Pest Conference 1978 Frontmatter

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

CONTENTS

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Management Of Blackbird And Starling Winter Roost Problems In Kentucky And Tennessee, Kenneth M. Garner Mar 1978

Management Of Blackbird And Starling Winter Roost Problems In Kentucky And Tennessee, Kenneth M. Garner

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Blackbirds and starlings in winter roosts create conflict problems in five major categories: 1) Public Health, 2) Agricultural Crop, 3) Wildlife Competition, 4) Structural, 5) Safety. After identification of problems created by an individual roost and roost site, problems are solved by one or a combination of seven methods: 1) No Action, 2) Move the Roost, 3) Alteration of Agricultural Practices, 4) Bird Proofing, 5) Move Birds from Feeding or Loafing Site, 6) Population Reduction at Feedlots, 7) Population Reduction of Roosts.

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Control Of The Multimammate Rat, Mastomys Natalensis (A. Smith) In The Irrigated Fields Of The Republic Of Burundi, Jacques Giban Mar 1978

Control Of The Multimammate Rat, Mastomys Natalensis (A. Smith) In The Irrigated Fields Of The Republic Of Burundi, Jacques Giban

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Irrigated cultivations have been developed in Burundi with the aid of the European Fund for Development. Three major rodent species are considered pests, but one of them is far more important and can survive flooding: Mastomys natalensis, the multimammate rat. The biological cycle of the species is well identified, with peak populations generally in the July-October period. A first attempt to prevent the damages consisted of slight changes in the timing of some cultivations. The second step was to find a rodenticide and a bait that could have practical use in that country. Corn paraffin blocks poisoned with chlorophacinone …

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Vertebrate Pest Control In Urban/Suburban Areas, Ronald M. Gilman Mar 1978

Vertebrate Pest Control In Urban/Suburban Areas, Ronald M. Gilman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Urban/suburban vertebrate pest control problems present unique challenges because of the people-afflicted environment in which they occur. People are a major consideration in effective urban/ suburban vertebrate pest control because of their emotions and changing values. Those responsible for today's vertebrate pest control must anticipate and consider this element of increasing importance and use it to their advantage rather than let it become a liability.

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Damages Caused By Cotton Rat, Sigmodon Hispidus Zanjonensis, On Sugar Cane In San Pedro Sula, Honduras , A. Gonzalez Romero, G. Tello Sandoval, J. Sernasecundino, V.M. Aguilar Ramirez Mar 1978

Damages Caused By Cotton Rat, Sigmodon Hispidus Zanjonensis, On Sugar Cane In San Pedro Sula, Honduras , A. Gonzalez Romero, G. Tello Sandoval, J. Sernasecundino, V.M. Aguilar Ramirez

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Technical assistance was given to Compañía Azucarera Hondureña, S.A. (Agro-Industrial Co.), Honduras, Central America, to determine if a campaign against noxious rodents to agriculture crops was needed. Several trappings were carried out at different places using snap traps to determine the population structure of rodents associated with the crop, and live traps to determine the index or density of the Sigmodon hispidus rat population, which was identified as being responsible for the damage to sugarcane. Results were 43.24% adult males, 14.86% young males, 31.41% adult females, and 10.47% young females. Of the adult females captured, 54.83% were pregnant with an …

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Coyotes, Sheep And Lithium Chloride, Richard E. Griffiths Jr., Guy E. Connolly, Richard J. Burns, Ray T. Sterner Mar 1978

Coyotes, Sheep And Lithium Chloride, Richard E. Griffiths Jr., Guy E. Connolly, Richard J. Burns, Ray T. Sterner

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The use of LiCl-treated baits and carcasses has been advocated as a means of controlling coyote predation on sheep through a process known as "aversive conditioning or taste aversion." While some investigators have made well publicized claims of damage reduction through the use of LiCl on sheep ranges, other researchers have experienced difficulty establishing prey aversion in captive coyotes. The conflicting results suggest a need for extensive, carefully controlled research in both pen and field situations before valid conclusions can be reached regarding aversive conditioning as a depredations control method.

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County Programs For Vertebrate Pest Control In California, M. Hugh Handley Mar 1978

County Programs For Vertebrate Pest Control In California, M. Hugh Handley

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Vertebrate pest control is an important function which has been performed for many years by County Agricultural Commissioners. Since 1917, control materials have been prepared and distributed to assist farmers in the control of rodents and pest animals. Our authority for these programs comes from the California Food and Agricultural Code. It explains why this aspect of pest control is conducted by Agricultural Commissioners.

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Vertebrate Control Chemicals: Current Status Of Registrations, Rebuttable Presumptions Against Registrations, And Effects On Users, Glenn A. Hood Mar 1978

Vertebrate Control Chemicals: Current Status Of Registrations, Rebuttable Presumptions Against Registrations, And Effects On Users, Glenn A. Hood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Man's use of chemical pesticides has received much attention in recent years, reflecting or generating public consciousness of our environmental welfare. The establishment of Water Quality Acts, the Toxic Substances Control Act, air pollution standards, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also exemplify this consciousness which has become a major political force. Although there is some unyielding antagonism against all chemicals used to control pests, there is general agreement that pesticides are necessary for the protection of our health, food, fiber, and habitats. Nevertheless, some pesticides have serious shortcomings, especially toxicity to nontarget organisms and long persistence in the environment. …

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Opening Comments—Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference—And The Stability Of Vertebrate Populations In Man-Modified Habitats, Walter E. Howard Mar 1978

Opening Comments—Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference—And The Stability Of Vertebrate Populations In Man-Modified Habitats, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Good morning. I am Professor Howard, your Conference Chairperson. Welcome to the Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference. Vertebrate pest control has come a long way since our first two-day Conference, in 1962. An excellent meeting has been arranged by the hard-working Conference Committees and the 17 members of the Vertebrate Pest Council, who direct the Vertebrate Pest Conference. It is already a great success--because all of you are here. As I said in opening our first Conference 16 years ago, this is a Conference, not a convention. No motions or resolutions will be entertained. We are here to get acquainted with …

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Rid-A-Bird Perches To Control Bird Damage, William B. Jackson Mar 1978

Rid-A-Bird Perches To Control Bird Damage, William B. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Rid-A-Bird wick perches, using 9.4% endrin or 11% fenthion, may be used on a variety of structures for control of house sparrows, starlings, and pigeons. Installations take advantage of a bird's propensity to perch briefly before feeding or entering roost or nesting structures. Applications may be made to a variety of structures but are restricted from food storage or preparation areas. Additional toxicity and use research is needed.

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Anticoagulant Baiting For Jackrabbit Control, John C. Johnston Mar 1978

Anticoagulant Baiting For Jackrabbit Control, John C. Johnston

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The jackrabbit, Lepus californicus, is properly called a hare rather than a rabbit, because the young are born fully furred and with eyes open. Hares differ from rabbits in anatomy and in the lack of burrowing, although individual hares often have a more or less regular retreat or "form" at the base of a bush or clump of grass. Jackrabbits rely upon speed and dodging to escape enemies. They live chiefly in open places, seldom inhabiting dense brush or woods.

Black-tailed hares or jackrabbits are classed as game mammals by the California Fish and Game Code, but when found …

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The Changing Rodent Pest Fauna In Egypt, A. Maher Ali Mar 1978

The Changing Rodent Pest Fauna In Egypt, A. Maher Ali

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The most serious known rodent pests in agricultural irrigated land are: Rattus rattus, Arvicanthis niloticus and Acomys sp. Occasionally there are rodent outbreaks in agricultural plantations. The changing agro-ecosystem in the present and future agricultural plantations is expected to affect the status of the following potential rodent pest species: Spalax ehrenbergi aegyptiacus, Nesokia indica, Jaculus orientalis, and Gerbillus gerbillus gerbillus. Basic studies are needed to quantify damage including water loss, which is caused by rodents, forecast of rodent outbreaks, and integrated control of rodents in agricultural projects.

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Warfarin Baits Bagging To Control The Population Of Cotton Rats In Field Crops In Sinaloa, Mexico, C. Martinez-Palacios, C. Chavez-Sanchez, R. Ituarte-Soto, A. Marquez Moreno Mar 1978

Warfarin Baits Bagging To Control The Population Of Cotton Rats In Field Crops In Sinaloa, Mexico, C. Martinez-Palacios, C. Chavez-Sanchez, R. Ituarte-Soto, A. Marquez Moreno

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Tests were conducted using 0.05% warfarin baits which were put into polietilinized paper bags with corn oil as attractants, in order to control cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus major) through-out 4,000 ha. of crops in the Sinaloa State. Both the effectiveness of the warfarin bait and the security and efficiency of the handling of the polietilinized paper bags was demonstrated. Furthermore, the tests showed that there were economic advantages in using the warfarin baits instead of the zinc phosphide baits; to the extent of a 46.67% saving in the control expenses.

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Rodenticidal Activity Of Bromadiolone—A New Anticoagulant, Adrian P. Meehan Mar 1978

Rodenticidal Activity Of Bromadiolone—A New Anticoagulant, Adrian P. Meehan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Bromadiolone, a new anticoagulant rodenticide, has been evaluated against laboratory rats and mice. Kill of both species was excellent, even when bromadiolone was offered for only one day in the presence of alternative food. Effectiveness against homozygous warfarin resistant rats was also demonstrated. Limited field trials on farms showed that after baiting for seven days with bromadiolone, warfarin resistant rat populations were substantially reduced although subsequent re-infestation occurred. Longer or continuous periods of baiting with bromadiolone would almost certainly prevent population increase, but government restrictions on the amount of bait approved for the trials did not allow this to be …

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Granivorous Birds In Sunflower Crops, Andre Meylan Mar 1978

Granivorous Birds In Sunflower Crops, Andre Meylan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Bird communities visiting and causing damage to sunflower crops were studied in Western Switzerland. The greenfinch is the main pest species. A population study of that species was carried out in Changins, near Nyon, and crop protection techniques, including an ultrasonic device, were tested.

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Vertebrate Pest Control, Where From Here?, Raymond M. Momboisse Mar 1978

Vertebrate Pest Control, Where From Here?, Raymond M. Momboisse

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The legal and regulatory problems confronting the vertebrate pest control profession have mushroomed in recent years. The causes, the groups responsible and a suggested action plan for meeting the problem is outlined.

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Agricultural Pests Destruction Movement In New Zealand, Peter C. Nelson Mar 1978

Agricultural Pests Destruction Movement In New Zealand, Peter C. Nelson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

New Zealand could be regarded as an acclimatization laboratory, i.e., the consequence of a wide range of animal introductions in the period 1840-1907. Species introduced ranged from camels to hedge-hogs, ostriches to sky larks. Fortunately many failed to survive.

The majority of these liberations were made by Acclimatization Societies or private individuals, often with Government approval and protection. The most damaging species were several species of deer, rabbits, Australian opossums, goats, pigs, tahr, wallabies, and chamois.

The establishment, natural dispersion and colonization of unoccupied habitat by these animals was successful and surpassed all expectations. Pastoral land development in the early …

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Present And Historical Bobcat Population Trends In New Mexico And The West, Gary Lee Nunley Mar 1978

Present And Historical Bobcat Population Trends In New Mexico And The West, Gary Lee Nunley

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations throughout the West have reportedly decreased from the high levels of the early sixties. This decrease is also reflected in the annual New Mexico bobcat take of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service when based on a bobcat trapped per man-year of effort relationship from 1916 through 1976. Bobcat populations in New Mexico were comparably low from 1916 through 1948. In 1949 through 1950 populations began to increase to triple their highest pre-1948 levels by the late fifties. New Mexico bobcat populations began to decrease in the early sixties to present levels typical before …

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Chopped Cabbage Baits For Ground Squirrel Control In Nevada, John O'Brien Mar 1978

Chopped Cabbage Baits For Ground Squirrel Control In Nevada, John O'Brien

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Effectiveness of four cabbage baits was tested on Belding (Spermophilus beldingi) or Townsend (S. townsendi) ground squirrels. Ground squirrel activity reduction and number of above ground deaths/ 100 lb. bait applied were as follows: 0.00625% sodium monofluoroacetate - 94 1/2%, 2-1/3; 0.29% strychnine alkaloid - 86%, 17; 0.19% strychnine alkaloid - 73 1/2%, 10. A 0.8% zinc phosphide bait was not well accepted; activity was reduced 39%. Two cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus nuttalli) and one badger (Taxidea taxus) were found dead in treatment fields after treatment.

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Sheep Depredation By Golden Eagles In Montana, Bart W. O'Gara Mar 1978

Sheep Depredation By Golden Eagles In Montana, Bart W. O'Gara

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

A limited study on two ranches near Dillon, Montana, near the end of the lambing season in 1974 revealed that 44 domestic lambs were killed by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). This was 76 percent of all deaths recorded during the short study. Using an average docking percent of 90 (based on years before severe eagle problems developed), the 76 percent eagle predation, and the 1974 docking percentages, the ranchers estimated an eagle kill of 1,092 lambs valued at about $38,000. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service live-trapped and removed 249 golden eagles from the ranches during the next …

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