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Articles 6511 - 6540 of 6879

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Control Of The European Mole, Talpa Eruopaea, M. Lund Mar 1976

Control Of The European Mole, Talpa Eruopaea, M. Lund

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Common methods for mole control are baiting with earthworms impregnated with thallium sulphate or strychnine, gassing with pellets developing phosphine, and trapping. Seasonal cycles in burrowing activity make it difficult to evaluate results of expensive control campaigns and may give a false impression of efficiency.

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Review And Results Of Sodium Cyanide Spring Loaded Ejector Mechanism (Scslem) Experimental Programs , Raymond W. Matheny Mar 1976

Review And Results Of Sodium Cyanide Spring Loaded Ejector Mechanism (Scslem) Experimental Programs , Raymond W. Matheny

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Sodium cyanide was cancelled for use in predator control in March 1972 along with strychnine and 1080 mainly because of the indiscriminate use of these poisons which posed an imminent hazard and danger to the environment. After due consideration, the EPA Administrator in January 1974 authorized approval of experimental use permits (under Section 5 of FIFRA as amended) for use of sodium cyanide in the M-44 device (SCSLEM) in order to accumulate information necessary to support registration consideration. Subsequently nine permits were issued for this purpose. In August 1975, a public hearing was held in Washington, D.C. to respond to …

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A Regional Approach To Rodent Control In The San Francisco Bay Area, Earl W. Mortenson, George L. Rotramel Mar 1976

A Regional Approach To Rodent Control In The San Francisco Bay Area, Earl W. Mortenson, George L. Rotramel

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

A federally funded rat control project is being conducted by the Vector Control Section, California State Department of Health in cooperation with local health agencies in the Sari Francisco Bay Area. Four community demonstration areas were selected in urban poverty areas in the region. The objective of each demonstration program is to reduce the rat infestation to a level that will not have significant adverse health or economic effect. Environmental improvement and community participation are emphasized. Concurrent studies are being conducted to determine the status of anticoagulant resistance, the occurrence of rodent-borne diseases, and the significance of rat infestations in …

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Methiocarb For Preventing Blackbird Damage To Sprouting Rice, Donald F. Mott, Joseph L. Guarino, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham Mar 1976

Methiocarb For Preventing Blackbird Damage To Sprouting Rice, Donald F. Mott, Joseph L. Guarino, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Seed rice was treated with 0.25% methiocarb to test its effectiveness as a blackbird repellent in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana in the spring of 1975. Two replications of 3 treated and 3 untreated plots showed 68% more seedlings in treated plots (2,393) than in untreated plots (1,429). Half as many birds (chiefly redwing blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were recorded in treated (1.18/mi n) as in untreated plots (2.39/min).

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Pest Bird Damage Control In Cattle Feedlots: The Integrated Systems Approach, Thomas K. Palmer Mar 1976

Pest Bird Damage Control In Cattle Feedlots: The Integrated Systems Approach, Thomas K. Palmer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

The cattle feedlot affords an ideal habitat for large concentrations of birds. Several species are primarily involved in feed depredations and contamination. The development of an integrated systems approach to control involves the interaction of - human attitude, cultural control practices and application of bird damage control techniques, each of which is a dynamic system in itself.

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Effects Of Bait Formulations On Toxicant Losses And Efficacy, Larry F. Pank Mar 1976

Effects Of Bait Formulations On Toxicant Losses And Efficacy, Larry F. Pank

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

During application by airplane excessive amounts of zinc phosphide were lost from the bait registered to control rat damage in Hawaiian sugarcane. The losses created unnecessary hazards and potentially reduced the efficacy of the control program. In a series of screening tests, alternate adhesives, adhesive concentrations, and bait mixing procedures were evaluated for zinc phosphide retention, acceptance by rats, phosphine residues in sugarcane and operational effectiveness. A formulation was developed that reduced zinc phosphide losses 32% during application, increased acceptance by rats, left residues in sugarcane below the established tolerance and equaled or exceeded the performance of the original formulation.

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Contamination Of Forest Ecosystems By Sodium Fluoroacetate (Compound 1080)*, J.A. Peters Mar 1976

Contamination Of Forest Ecosystems By Sodium Fluoroacetate (Compound 1080)*, J.A. Peters

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Predictive and conceptual models are used to examine the contamination, toxicology, and residues of sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080) in relation to its application in vertebrate pest control programs on forest and pastoral lands.

As a pesticide, the toxin appears to be neither mobile nor persistent. Exceedingly slender opportunities exist therefore for significant contamination of susceptible components of the environment.

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Olfactory Responses Of Deer Mice To Douglas-Fir Seed Volatiles, C. Raymond Record, Rex E. Marsh, Walter E. Howard, Donald J. Stern Mar 1976

Olfactory Responses Of Deer Mice To Douglas-Fir Seed Volatiles, C. Raymond Record, Rex E. Marsh, Walter E. Howard, Donald J. Stern

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

An attempt was made to identify the olfactory cues produced by Douglas-fir seeds which attract deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to the seeds. The olfactometers used are described, and the merits of different statistical analyses of the data are discussed. The odors produced by whole Douglas-fir seed and by the endosperm were preferred among the fractions tested to date. Deer mice were repelled by Douglas-fir turpentine, cedar oil, and, to a lesser degree, one extract.

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Control Of The Oregon Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Beldingi Oregonus), Warren C. Sauer Mar 1976

Control Of The Oregon Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Beldingi Oregonus), Warren C. Sauer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Attempts to reduce populations of Spermophilus beldingi oregonus have centered around the application of Compound 10.80 and strychnine baits. Additional population reduction techniques were investigated for possible employment into the squirrel program. Techniques which show much promise are: hand baited chopped gree bait (.01% chlorophacinone) broadcast (10 pounds per acre) and hand baited grain bait with .01% chlorophacinone and .05% fumarin, and bait stations using .01%, .05% chlorophacinone grain bait (100 and 200 foot spacing) and .05% fumarin grain bait (100 foot spacing).

In addition, the concentration of Compound 1080 on chopped green bait can be reduced to 1/4 oz. …

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Pharmacological Review Of Chemicals Used For The Capture Of Animals, Peter J. Savarie Mar 1976

Pharmacological Review Of Chemicals Used For The Capture Of Animals, Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

A review of the literature reveals that over 60 chemicals have been used for the capture of wild animals, but only 30 of the most widely used chemicals are discussed in the present paper. For practical considerations these chemicals can be classified as being either (l) neuromuscular blocking agents, or (2) central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Some common neuromuscular blocking agents are d-tubocurarine, gallamine, succiny1choline, and nicotine. M99 and its derivatives, phencyclidine, and xylazine are some of the more commonly used CNS depressants. Neuromuscular blocking agents have a relatively rapid onset and short duration of action but they do not …

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Operational Aspects Of Successful Ground Squirrel Control By Aerial Application Of Grain Bait, Conrad Schilling Mar 1976

Operational Aspects Of Successful Ground Squirrel Control By Aerial Application Of Grain Bait, Conrad Schilling

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

By County Ordinance the County Agricultural Commissioner has been charged with rodent suppression in Fresno County, California. For nine years personnel from the Agricultural Commissioner's Office have conducted a county operated and funded program of ground squirrel suppression through the use of aerially applied zinc phosphide treated squirrel oat groats. Planning procedures, relative costs and operational aspects of the program are outlined. This technique of ground squirrel suppression has been shown to have many advantages over hand application of rodent baits. No known hazards to non-target wildlife species have been demonstrated.

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Opening Comments—Seventh Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe Mar 1976

Opening Comments—Seventh Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the Seventh Vertebrate Pest Conference. We are pleased that the American Society for Testing and Materials held its first Symposium on Test Methods for Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials in conjunction with our Conference, and we congratulate Symposium Chairman Rex Marsh for the excellent program that was presented. The concerns and challenges of today's society mandate that we be knowledgeable and up-to-date concerning the use of vertebrate pest damage control methods and materials and the impacts of our programs on the environment.

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Criteria For Rodent Bait Selection, W.R. Smythe Mar 1976

Criteria For Rodent Bait Selection, W.R. Smythe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

World food shortages become more acute each year, and all too often, rodents are present to take their unwarranted share. To counter this, we must refine our rodent control methods to make them more efficient. To this end, correct bait selection is essential. Grain baits must be selected for purity and acceptability. Grain alterations must be carefully controlled, as well as any additives. Multi-ingredient or composition baits must be checked for size, hardness, protein content and additives. The selection of trap baits is critical for the success of trapping program. In general, fresh coconut is the best bait, but on-site …

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Keynote Address—The Role Of Education In Vertebrate Pest Control, Gustav A. Swanson Mar 1976

Keynote Address—The Role Of Education In Vertebrate Pest Control, Gustav A. Swanson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Lack of adequate information is emphasized as a major problem in attaining effective control of damage by vertebrate pests, and it is stressed that the problem is widespread in all elements of the public, including those directly involved, like producers and government officials, as well as those only indirectly involved, like the average citizen. A number of specific examples are cited to illustrate the problems of uninformed or inadequately informed publics.

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Anticoagulants—A Problem Of Distribution For The Hawaiian Sugar Industry, Allen H. Teshima Mar 1976

Anticoagulants—A Problem Of Distribution For The Hawaiian Sugar Industry, Allen H. Teshima

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Current rodent control practices for the Hawaiian sugar industry revolve around the use of single grain baits containing anticoagulants in bait stations and zinc phosphide for aerial applications. Neither type of control programs as they are now applied has been very effective against the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) which is becoming a major problem species for the industry. As a result, we have sought a more effective anticoagulant, to which the Norway rat is more susceptible, and an improved method of bait distribution. With knowledge of the month-to-month variation in the field rodents' gestation rate, a new control …

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The Cost Of Predator Damage Control Using Trapping As The Primary Control Technique, Ronald A. Thompson Mar 1976

The Cost Of Predator Damage Control Using Trapping As The Primary Control Technique, Ronald A. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

The justification and economics of the operational animal damage control program in California as conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are discussed. Emphasis is given to the necessity for use of the steel trap. Nearly 83 percent of the depredators are taken by trapping. Annual agricultural losses due to predation were estimated at $4.7 million in California for Fiscal Year 1975. The projected cost-benefit ratio was 1:3.9.

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The Use Of Aircraft In Predator Control, Dale A. Wade Mar 1976

The Use Of Aircraft In Predator Control, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Private aerial hunting of predators for protection of livestock began before 1925 in the western United States. Apparently, it was first used in professional control programs in 1942. Inclement weather, dense vegetation and rough terrain are limiting factors and helicopters are more versatile than fixed-wing aircraft. When it can be employed, aerial hunting is unsurpassed as an immediate control method where livestock losses are severe and the need for control is urgent.

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Chlorofluorocarbon Effects On Cardiac, Pulmonary, And Respiratory Patients, Mildred E. Olson Jan 1976

Chlorofluorocarbon Effects On Cardiac, Pulmonary, And Respiratory Patients, Mildred E. Olson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Research results from studies of the physiological effects of aerosal propellants on animals and people are summarized. The papers selected for this summary were published between 1968 and 1975. Effects of the 15 chlorofluorocarbons used as propellants have been recorded on the cardiac, pulmonary and respiratory functions of a number of animal species as well as man. The fifteen propellants have been classified into four groups on the basis of their degree of toxicity. Fluorocarbon 11, the most frequently used propellant, is in group 1, the most toxic. The relative toxicity of each of the 14 other propellants compared with …

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Proceedings Of The Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, F. Robert Henderson Dec 1975

Proceedings Of The Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Program Planning Committee

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Committee Proposals For Development Of A Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Handbook Dec 1975

Committee Proposals For Development Of A Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Handbook

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In 1969, Bob Henderson developed a two-volume Wildlife Damage Control Handbook for use by county extension agents throughout Kansas. The handbook was well received and was felt to be of definite value to the overall wildlife damage control program in Kansas.

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Bats, Biology, And Control, Stephen P. Kincaid Dec 1975

Bats, Biology, And Control, Stephen P. Kincaid

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Although bats are not commonly thought of as major members of the animal kingdom, they are one of the most numerous of land vertebrates. Bats are thought to have originated in the Old Wordl Tropics and are now almost world-wide in distribution. Bats make up the order Chiroptera, and they are closely related to the hedgehog, shrew and mole.

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The Coyote As A Game Animal, Edward L. Kozicky Dec 1975

The Coyote As A Game Animal, Edward L. Kozicky

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Coyote hunting is a very special challenge. Even though coyotes may be abundant in an area, that doesn't mean that they're easy to bag with a rifle. However, I happen to enjoy coyote calling to the point where the shooting is almost anti-climax. Others like to hunt coyotes with either sight or trail hounds, to pursue coyotes with all-terrain vehicles, and to spot coyotes while driving through the country.

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Bird Control, Glen Orr Dec 1975

Bird Control, Glen Orr

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

We started our program in 1967 primarily because of an economic problem in the downtown area of Wichita. We had about eight square blocks of businesses which were not getting any business because people didn't dare go downtown in the evening unless they wore their rain hats and rain gear, and I mean this literally.

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Prairie Dog Control, A. Orville Sandall Dec 1975

Prairie Dog Control, A. Orville Sandall

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Before poisons were taken from the market, I had about fifteen years experience working for the Fish and Wildlife Service doing prairie dog control work. Most of this work was done for private landowners and supervising work crews for the Forest Service and B&A.

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Waterfowl Damage Control, Marvin D. Schwilling Dec 1975

Waterfowl Damage Control, Marvin D. Schwilling

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Waterfowl damage is primarily grain crop depredation that occurs on various agricultural crops, particularly in fall and winter. Field feeding begins as birds flock up on staging areas in preparation for their move along migration routes to the wintering areas.

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Ground Squirrels And How To Control Them, Irving J. Mork Dec 1975

Ground Squirrels And How To Control Them, Irving J. Mork

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Richardson ground squirrel, otherwise known as the flickertail or gray gopher, is common over most of North Dakota north and east of the Missouri River, although they were never common in the immediate Red River Valley.

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Fish Population Manipulation, Robert E. Schoonover Dec 1975

Fish Population Manipulation, Robert E. Schoonover

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Fish population manipulation or control, as the term implies, may be defined as an operation or activity which results in the total removal of fish from a water area, the partial elimination of a fish population, or the selective removal of a species from a water area.

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Snake Control, Steve Thompson Dec 1975

Snake Control, Steve Thompson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Whether wild animals are benificial or injurious depends on the time and the place. It seems that no one likes to have venomous or even harmless snakes in his corral, in his yard, or even on his doorstep; but every spring and fall many people are confronted with this situation. Many requests are recieved each year on how to rid an area of these unwanted reptiles.

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Roster Dec 1975

Roster

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Roster
Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshops
December 8-11, 1975

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An Overview Of Problem Bird Management - Rural And Urban, Joseph L. Guarino Dec 1975

An Overview Of Problem Bird Management - Rural And Urban, Joseph L. Guarino

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The economic impact of birds on agricultural crops in the U.S. is quite substantial -- perhaps as much as $100 million dollars. Methods for reducing this damage can be categorized as biological, mechanical, and chemical. The chemical approach appears to have the most potential. An avian repellent, methiocarb, has proven to be effective for reducing damage by a variety of species of birds to many sprouting and ripening crops and fruit. An avian chemical frightening agent, 4-aminopyridine (Avitrol), if federall registered for use for protecting ripening field corn and sweet corn and was shown to be effective for reducing damage …

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