Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Land Use Patterns In Relation To Lake Water Quality In The North Pond Watershed, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College

Colby College Watershed Study: East and North Ponds (2011, 1999, 1996, 1991)

Human activity within the watershed can greatly accelerate the eutrophication process by increasing the rate at which nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen enter the lake (Fernandez et al. 1992). Increased nutrient loading causes dramatic increases in algal populations resulting in algal blooms. Many New England lakes develop a greenish tint because of algal blooms during early summer or early fall. Populations of bacteria which feed on organic material rise because of increased food supply. Bacterial activity decreases the level of dissolved oxygen in the lake (Henderson-Seller and Markland, 1987). A sharp decrease in dissolved oxygen levels can cause massive …

Comparison Of Daily Water Table Depth Prediction By Four Simulation Models, Eric D. Desmond, Andrew D. Ward, Norman R. Fausey, Stephen R. Workman

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The Agricultural Drainage And Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model was compared to the water management simulation models DRAINMOD, SWATREN, and PREFLO. SWATREN and PREFLO are one-dimensional finite-difference models while ADAPT and DRAINMOD are one-dimensional mass balance models. ADAPT, an extension of the computer model GLEAMS, also provides chemical transport information. All four models were tested against field data from Aurora, North Carolina. Observed water table depth data were collected during 1973 through 1977 from a water table management field experiment with three subsurface drain spacing treatments of 7.5, 15, and 30 m.

Both the standard error of estimate and the average …

Surface Exchange Of Water Vapour Between An Open Sphagnum Fen And The Atmosphere, S. B. Verma

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Conifer Shoot Bidirectional Scattering: Methodology And Preliminary Results, E.A. Walter-Shea, M.A. Mesarch

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Local Effect Of Intermittency On The Inertial Subrange Energy Spectrum Of The Atmospheric Surface Layer, Jozsef Szilagyi, Gabriel G. Katul, Marc B. Parlange, John D. Albertson, Anthony T. Cahill

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Land Use/Land Cover On Climatological Values Of The Diurnal Temperature Range, Kevin P. Gallo, David R. Easterling, Thomas C. Peterson

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The diurnal temperature range (DTR) at weather observation stations that make up the U.S. Historical Climatology Network was evaluated with respect to the predominant land use/land cover associated with the stations within three radii intervals (100, 1000, and 10 000 m) of the stations. Those stations that were associated with predominantly rural land use/land cover (LULC) usually displayed the greatest observed DTR, whereas those associated with urban related land use or land cover displayed the least observed DTR. The results of this study suggest that significant differences in the climatological DTR were observed and could be attributed to the predominant …

Estimation Of Seasonal Dynamics Of Pasture And Crop Productivity In Kazakhstan Using Noaa/Avhrr Data, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Felix Kogan, Lev Spivak, Edige Zakarin, Lubov Lebed

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Recently, NOAA developed the AVHRR-based Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) for drought monitoring. This index was used for estimating pasture and crop productivity in Kazakhstan. The results of VCI-derived vegetation conditions were compared with vegetation density, biomass and reflectance measured in different climatic and ecological zones with elevation from 200 to 700 m and a large range of the NDVI variation (over space and season) from 0.05 to 0.47. An estimation error of AVHRR-derived vegetation density was less than 16 per cent. First time it was shown that the VCI-derived vegetation condition data can be effectively used for quantitative assessments of …

Novel Algorithms For Remote Sensing Of Chlorophyll Content In Higher Plant Leaves, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Mark N. Merzlyak, Yuri Grits

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The general features of reflectance spectra of higher plant leaves are considered with special reference to remote sensing of chlorophyll. Wavelengths with maximum sensitivity to chlorophyll content were found in the wide spectral range from 550 to 630 nm and near 700 nm. The wavelength of the red edge position of the reflectance spectrum correlated very closely with the reflectance at 550 and 700 nm. The ratios of reflectances in the near infra-red range of the spectrum (above 750 nm) to that at 700 nm R_NIR/R₇₀₀ and R_NIR/R₅₅₀ were directly proportional to the leaves' …

Windbreak Management, Craig Stange

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The windbreaks on your farm are an important part of the agricultural landscape. They provide protection for the farmstead, livestock, and crops; provide habitat for wildlife; and contribute to an overall healthy environment for you and your family. They are living systems with youth, maturity, and old age. Like any other living thing they need proper care and management in order to continue to function at their best.

Windbreak management requires an understanding of how your windbreak works. Your goal is to maintain the health and vigor of individual trees and shrubs while maintaining the overall structure of the windbreak …

Windbreaks For Snow Management, James R. Brandle, H. Doak Nickerson

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

In areas of high winds and blowing snow, windbreaks can reduce the amount of effort spent on snow management. They can be designed to spread snow across a large area or to confine it to a relatively small storage area. The design of your windbreak will depend on your objective. Field windbreaks designed to distribute snow evenly across a field should be tall and porous. In contrast, windbreaks designed to capture snow and control drifting should have multiple rows with high density. There is no one set design, number of rows, or width of planting that is ideal for every …

The Ecotourism Equation: Measuring The Impacts, Elizabeth Malek-Zadeh

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Variation In Cell Dimensions And Fibril Angle For Two Fertilized Even-Aged Loblolly Pine Plantations, Douglas D. Stokke, Todd F. Shupe, Elvin T. Choong, Mark D. Gibson

Douglas D. Stokke

Increment core samples were obtained from randomly selected, nine-year-old lohlolly pine (Pinus faeda L.) in two even-aged plantations in Louisiana in order to determine the variation in cell dimensions and fibril angle of the sites. The Homer site is representative of the growing conditions in north Louisiana, and the Bogalusa site is typical of the conditions in southeastern Louisiana. Both sites were subjected to similar site preparation and weed control and were fertilized in the juvenile period. The anatomical properties that were measured include: fiber length, cell-wall thickness, and microfibril angle (MFA). Observations were made in order to compare corewood …

Estimating One-Electron Reduction Potentials Of Quinones, Steven P. Bradbury, Ovanes G. Mekenyan, V. B. Kamenska

Steven P. Bradbury

The one-electron reduction potential ∗ E1 7 of benzo-, naphtho-and anthracenequinones is related to their ability to undergo redox cycling and elicit cytotoxicity through oxidative stress. To evaluate a general approach to estimate the E1 7 of benzo-, naphtho-and anthracenequinones, QSAR approaches based on gas phase and solvation based methods were employed. Stereoelectronic descriptors of ground state quinones, respective intermediates of the redox cycle, and the di erences in parameters for the transition between intermediates were evaluated. The variation of E1 7 was correlated with descriptors of the parent quinones and speci c transition parameters. The energy of the highest …

Presettlement Vegetation Of The Lower Chippewa River Valley, Lisa A. Schulte-Moore, William J. Barnes

Lisa A. Schulte Moore

The lower Chippewa River of west-central Wisconsin is the portion that flows southwest from the city of Eau Claire to the Mississippi River at Nelson. The river has a gentle gradient of about 0.8 m/km and highly erodible banks of sand and gravel. The river valley occurs between 35 m to 70 m below the surrounding upland, is between 1 and 5 km wide, and was formed primarily by glacial meltwaters. The floodplain is defined by annual high water levels and is generally below the 25 year flood recurrence interval, which on this part of the Chippewa River is >5m …

2,3, 7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin, Steven P. Bradbury

Steven P. Bradbury

Since 1985, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has classified 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a probable human carcinogen; subsequently, sources of TCDD in the environment have been regulated on the basis of animal cancer rates extrapolated to doses associated with human exposures. Two major activities have prompted the decision to reassess this approach for evaluating TCDD toxicity and its associated risks. First, an epidemiological study of cancer mortality in U.S. chemical workers by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health provided evidence of TCDD-mediated human carcinogenicity (Fingerhut et al. 1991 ). Second, at a 1990 Banbury conference a consensus …

Underpass Systems For Amphibians, Scott D. Jackson

Scott D. Jackson

No abstract provided.

Public Land: How Much Is Enough?, Dale A. Oesterle, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Books, Reports, and Studies

59 p. ; 29 cm

Strengthening The Foundations Of Outdoor Education, Anderson B. Young, Leo H. Mcavoy

Research in Outdoor Education

A preface to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume 3 is presented by the authors on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

Front Matter, Coalition For Education In The Outdoors (Ceo)

Research in Outdoor Education

The Coalition for Education in the Outdoors initiated a Research Task Force in 1990 with the purpose of supporting the conduct of research in the field and the dissemination of the results. The symposium at Bradford Woods and these proceedings offer evidence of the success of this task force. At the first symposium in 1992, there was general agreement that the symposium be a regular occurrence. The 1994 and 1996 Symposia and these Proceedings are indicators of the Coalition's continued support of research in outdoor education. Information on future events will be available through the Coalition office.

This article includes …

Outdoor Education And Spirituality, Tom Smith

Research in Outdoor Education

The question at hand is that of researching the impact of outdoor recreational and educa­tional experiences on the spiritual development of the individual. I approach that question from the perspective of a facilitator of personal growth who has long advocated the methodolo­gies considered as experiential outdoor/chal­lenge/adventure education.

Outdoor Education And The Schools, Bert Horwood

Research in Outdoor Education

The research reported to gatherings spon­sored by the Coalition for Education in the Out­doors has had relatively little connection with school-based outdoor education. In this paper, I will explore the potentially fruitful interface between education in the outdoors and the schools. The exploration is influenced by the uncertainty of our times, and I have organized this report to reflect two views. One is that the social ferment of the mid-1990s is normal and that we can continue to conduct research in the way that Kuhn (1974) characterized as "normal science." The second view is that the social fab­ric of the …

Person-Place Engagement Among Recreation Visitors, Iris B. Wilson

Research in Outdoor Education

Leaders of groups participating in experien­tial programs in the outdoors, particularly in backcountry expeditions, can increase group management effectiveness and enhance personal benefit to participants by taking into account the various modes in which individuals engage themselves with the physical setting.

Responsible Environmental Behavior: Metaphoric Transference Of Minimum-Impact Ideology, J. Porter Hammitt, Wayne A. Freimund

Research in Outdoor Education

This abstract represents a thesis research project that studied changes in National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) students' attitudes, intentions, and behavior, as they pertain to the environment, resulting from participation in NOLS' Wind River Wilderness course. It was hypothesized that an increase in these concerns would result from the metaphoric transference of minimum-impact ideology to daily life. Prominent theories from the fields of social psychology and environmental education relating attitudes, intentions, behavior, and other considerations were incorporated into the theo­retical framework of the study.

Providing An Authentic Wilderness Experience? Thinking Beyond The Wilderness Act Of 1964, William T. Borrie, Joseph W. Roggenbuck

Research in Outdoor Education

Six facets of a wilderness experience are suggested (oneness, humility, primitiveness, timelessness, soli­tude, and care) based on the writings of wilderness philosophers such as Henry David Thoreau and John Muir. In structuring our lessons in wilderness, we could do well to broaden our notion of wilderness be- yond the Wilderness Act.

Ethical Frameworks, Moral Practices And Outdoor Education, Karen M. Fox, Mick Lautt

Research in Outdoor Education

Discoveries and insights from quantum physics and chaos theory help create new metaphors about. ethical frameworks and moral practices in outdoor education. Using concepts such as fractals, fields, and strange attractors, we explore new ways to view research results, scholarly writings, and creative endeavors related to outdoor education. In addition, we evaluate four themes related to the present ethical discourse in outdoor education and sketch new directions for moral practice.

Group Development And Group Dynamics In Outdoor Education, Leo H. Mcavoy, Denise S. Mitten, L. Allison Stringer, James P. Steckhart, Kraig Sproles

Research in Outdoor Education

This paper presents an update of the research on group development and group dynamics in out­door education since the 1992 edition of these Proceedings. The research is presented within the six categories of individual and personal dimensions: group process and structure, group functions and tasks, leadership and power, environmental influences, and the impact of the group on the in­dividual. The paper includes a discussion of pertinent research in the fields of social work, com­munications, and management Specific recommendations are made for future research in outdoor education focusing on group development and dynamics.

Research In Outdoor Education: Our Place On The Porch, Alan Ewert

Research in Outdoor Education

This article is an edited version of the transcript from Dr. Ewert's videotaped presentation at the Symposium.

A Research Summary For Corporate Adventure Training (Cat) And Experience-Based Training And Development(Ebtd), Simon Priest

Research in Outdoor Education

This paper is a review of research in Corporate Adventure Training (CAT) and Experience-Based Training and Development (EBTD); a summary of a number of research studies in CAT and EBTD conducted through the Corporate Adventure Training Institute and other researchers; and, recommendations for future research in this growing field of outdoor education. The research results indicate corporate adventure training programs can be effective means of team building and other group development outcomes. The author gives a number of recommendations for future research including the need to investigate the pro­gram elements that contn'bute to overall program effectiveness.

Integrating Outdoor Leadership Education Into The Academic Setting, Pamela E. Foti

Research in Outdoor Education

To integrate outdoor leadership education effectively within university academic programs, innovative curricula need to be developed that combine field and classroom work. The goal must be to enable students to understand and assimilate the knowledge base within the classroom and to be able to.apply and show judgment and competence in the field.

A Research Update Of Adventure Therapy (1992-1995): Challenge Activities And Ropes Courses, Wilderness Expeditions, And Residential Camping Programs, H. Lee Gillis, Donna Thomsen

Research in Outdoor Education

n 1992 a review of research in adventure therapy offered a perspective that utilized work in psy­chotherapy as a lens to view the current state of the field. From that review, several recommenda­tions were made to gain respect within the field of traditional mental health. This update examines the recommendations made in 1992 and updates them utilizing research that has taken place in adventure therapy and borrowing liberally from suggestions made for enhancing the field of psy­chotherapy. The article makes the following points. First, the field of adventure therapy must cre­ate a collective document that addresses its accomplishments and effectiveness. …