Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Enforcement In Environmental Law: An Economic Analysis Of Citizen Suits, Wendy S. Naysnerski

Senior Scholar Papers

Previous to 1970, state and federal agencies held exclusive enforcement responsibilities over the violation of pollution control standards. However, recognizing that the government had neither the time nor resources to provide full enforcement, Congress created citizen suits. Citizen suits, first amended to the Clean Air Act in 1970, authorize citizens to act as private attorney generals and to sue polluters for violating the terms of their operating permits. Since that time, Congress has included citizen suits in 13 other federal statutes. The citizen suit phenomenon is sufficiently new that little is known about it. However, we do know that citizen …

Interactions Between Plains Pocket Gophers And Two Varieties Of Dryland Alfalfa, James C. Luchsinger

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Monofilament Lines To Prevent Damage By Birds, Danilo A. Aguero

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Historic Trends In The Distribution And Populations Of Estuarine Marsh Birds Of The Connecticut River, Robert J. Craig

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

The Probe, Issue 101 - May/June 1990

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
APHIS Activity Report
Reading Material
Letters to the Editor
Personnel
Practical Tips from the Field
All the News that’s Print to Fit
Editorial
New Academic Endeavor
Graduate Assistantships in ADM

Hawaiians Fight For The Rainforest, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

On March 25, 141 were arrested as part of the largest demonstration yet against the drilling of geothermal wells in the Wao Kele O Puna Rainforest on the Big Island of Hawaii. The geothermal project, undertaken by True Geothermal Company and endorsed by Hawaii's governor and other high-powered, short-sighted people, has already invaded the largest intact tropical lowland rainforest in the United States. The demonstration drew over 1500 protesters,

The Effects Of Disease, Prey Fluctuation, And Clear-Cutting On American Marten In Newfoundland, Canada, Richard J. Fredrickson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Individual variation in survival and behavior of American marten (Martes americana) was studied in relation to disease, prey fluctuation, and clear-cutting from 10 January 1986 through 20 August 1987 in Newfoundland, Canada. Thirty-seven of forty marten captured on the study area were telemetered and monitored for part or all of the study.

Marten mortality was concentrated in two intervals, fall 1986 and late winter 1987. Mortality during fall 1986 was attributable to encephalitis, while marten deaths during late winter 1987 resulted from predation and starvation attributable to the prey decline. Nonsuppurative encephalitis was first detected 7 October 1986; …

The Effect Of Seasonal Cattle Grazing On California Bighorn Sheep Habitat Use, Melanie J. Steinkamp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of seasonal cattle grazing on a newly reintroduced population of California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) in Big Cottonwood Canyon, Idaho, was studied. The hypothesis that bighorn sheep avoid cattle was tested. The issue of avoidance between bighorn sheep and livestock is arguable. Some studies have found that bighorn sheep avoid cattle while others have found no response of bighorn sheep to cattle.

Evidence was found to document the avoidance of cattle by bighorn sheep. The size of the bighorn's home range and core area decreased with the movement of cattle into areas of high bighorn …

Enhancement And Monitoring Of The Procambarus Clarkii Population In Lake Mead, Mikell Beth Hager

Publications (WR)

Procambarus clarkii are found in extremely low numbers throughout Lake Mead, AZ-NV. The crayfish are an important dietary component for game fish. Enhancement of the crayfish population would broaden the fishery forage base. Crayfish were stocked and monitored in a study cove on Saddle Island to determine if the Procambarus clarkii population could be enhanced. A trapping survey of the area after the following reproductive season yielded low numbers of crayfish. A comparison of pre-stocking and post-stocking catch per trap day (CPTD) values revealed no significant increase in the population. Procambarus clarkii growth is limited by environmental factors in Lake …

A Descriptive Study Of Range Livestock Operations In The Somali Central Rangelands, Abdinasir M. Abdulle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Information on livestock operations, particularly what kind of livestock operations are practiced in the Somali central rangelands, and how these operations differ for different herders in different vegetation types and farming systems, could serve as a major tool in making management decisions. This study provides a detailed description of range livestock operations in the Somali Central Rangelands. It also answers some important management questions.

Range livestock operations were inventoried through personal interviews with the owners and herders. Data are supplemented by previous nation-wide and regional survey statistics. Herd productivity data which include herd structures, age, age-related sales, slaughters, gifts, and …

Compliance Monitoring And Long-Term Water Quality And Biological Indicator Trends In Hillsborough Bay Initial Report, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This is the second 1990 report to FDER to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition #6 of FDER construction permit DC29-152790. This report includes trend analyses of water quality parameters and biological indicators of water quality collected by us, and the Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission (HCEPC).

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2a Water Quality Data, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume II of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains additional water quality information. This information includes the historical evaluation of the water quality in the Arkansas River and data for various water quality parameters included in the two-year sampling program. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2b Water Quality Data, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume II of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains additional water quality information. This information includes the historical evaluation of the water quality in the Arkansas River and data for various water quality parameters included in the two-year sampling program. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 3 Treatability Study, Steven M. Jones, Steven G. Burghart, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume III of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains the treatability data. These data include the results of the granular activated carbon, ozonation and packed tower aeration studies. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed financially by matching the cost of sample collection. The City of Little …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 4 Cost Analyses, Joseph Watt, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume IV of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains the cost information calculated using WATER MAID. WATER MAID is an interactive software program for use in calculating treatment plant costs. The software program was developed for the Environmental Protection Agency. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission.

Changes To Simulated Fire Behaviour And Societal Benefits After Two Levels Of Thinning In A Mixed-Conifer Wildland-Urban Interface Community, Christopher Dicus

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Potential fire behaviour and various societal benefits (air pollution removal, carbon sequestration, and stormwater runoff) were quantified in a California Sierra mixed-conifer forest in (a) untreated conditions, (b) after removing all understorey trees dbh, and (c) after thinning 50% of the stand's total basal area. Potential fire behaviour was modelled under constant conditions near a hypothetical development by the FARSITE fire behaviour and growth simulator and societal benefits were calculated by CITY green, both GIS-based software applications. Results showed that fire behaviour was considerably moderated by both thinning treatments. Modelled societal benefits, however, were largely unaffected by either treatment, which …

Water Current, Volume 22, April 1990

Water Current Newsletter

Environmental Studies Part of Geography Department, Jeanne Kay
Twentieth Annual Earth Day Observed April 22
NATO Advanced Research Workshop to be Held at UNL in September
First Irrigation Day Held February 22
Just Give Us a Call for Water Seminar Proceedings
Festival Highlights Importance of Nebraska's Groundwater
Prevention Key to Pollution
Assessment Atlas Now Available
Water Conference Council Awards
Agency Cooperation Urged at Water Conference
90s Exciting Times in Water Resources
Nebraska Counties Included in High Plains Irrigation Research
Mid-Nebraska Water Quality Demo Project Combines State and Federal Agencies to Research Irrigation Efficiency
Irrigation Bolsters Nebraska's Economy
First Nebraska Instream …

Regional Climate Centers: New Institutions For Climate Service And Climate- Impact Research, Stanley A. Changnon, Peter J. Lamb, Kenneth G. Hubbard

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

In response to the need climate services at the local, state, and regional levels, a national network of regional climate centers has developed. This provides the background to this development, and outlines the functions of the centers and identifies their benefits and beneficiaries. The centers are a source of climate expertise and maintain multifaceted interfaces with the public and private sectors. Each center a) performs services, including the management of the basic data for its region and the delivery of specialized products; b) conducts applied climate studies, including the monitoring of anomalous conditions and the promotin of regional research; and …

Water Resources Review - April 1990, Annis Water Resources Institute

AWRI Reviews

No abstract provided.

The Planet, 1990, Spring, Sara Olason, Associated Students Environmental Center, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Chesapeake Bay Wave Climate : Thimble Shoals Wave Station, Report And Summary Of Wave Observations, September 27, 1988 Through October 17, 1989, John D. Boon, S. M. Kimball, K. D. Suh, D. A. Hepworth

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, has identified as one of its major goals the systematic study of hydrodynamic processes that affect recreational, shoreline and benthic resources in the coastal zone of the Commonwealth. In pursuit of that goal, a long-term study of the wave climate in the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay was initiated in 1988 with support from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration through the Coastal Zone Management Program administered by the Virginia Council on the Environment (Grant Ho. HA88AA-D-CZ092). Past …

A “Drastic” Evaluation Of The Ground-Water Pollution Potential Of Karst Terrain: Lost River Ground-Water Basin, Warren County, Kentucky, David Baize

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Karst terrains, such as the Lost River Karst Ground-Water Basin, are extremely vulnerable to ground-water contamination. Seven physical factors: depth to water, recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity, are evaluated using the DRASTIC system to determine the ground-water pollution potential of the study area. A numerical value is calculated for each of the seven factors, and a map layer for each factor is produced. These layers are then “added” together to produce a DRASTIC ground-water pollution potential map. The effectiveness of each factor in evaluating the pollution potential of karst terrain is …

Cost-Effective Wilderness Fire Management: A Case Study In Southern California, Christian A. Childers, Douglas D. Piirto

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Federal wilderness fire management policies have been scrutinized since the catastrophic fires in the Greater Yellowstone Area in 1988. While wilderness tire management objectives are still aimed at recreating natural fire regimes, all USDA Forest Service fire management programs must be cost-effective. Since current Forest Service economic analyses do not fully represent the value of fire to wilderness, a cost-effectiveness analysis was developed to compare wilderness fire management options. The analytical procedure is briefly reviewed, illustrated through a southern California case study and case study results are discussed. These results suggest that containment of some tires may be more cost-effective …

Alternatives To Fisher's "Exact Test" For Analyzing 2 X 2 Tables With Small Cell Sizes, Richard M. Engeman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rice (1988a) presents an interesting test for analyzing 2 X 2 contingency tables in the smaller sample size situations. His motivation was to provide an alternative to Fisher's "exact test" and his rationale was based on the application of a prior distribution to the probability of a success, 0, under the null hypothesis. We would like to briefly comment on these aspects of his paper and also discuss another alternative that was proposed a number of years ago.

Politics And Economics Of Maintaining Pesticide Registrations, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Roger W. Bullard, Craig A. Ramey

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) was amended in 1988 to require the reregistration of all pesticides registered before 1984 within 9 years. The FIFRA 88 required that all pesticide active ingredients must meet current registration standards, suspended the previous fee structure, and imposed a one-time registration fee and annual maintenance fees. New data generated because of FIFRA 88 must conform to EPA's Good Laboratory Practice Standards and animal studies must follow guidelines of the Animal Welfare Act. FIFRA 88 has significantly increased data requirements, data costs, and other pesticide registration and reregistration costs for most pesticides. The …

Warfarin Resistance Of Rattus Tiomanicus In Oil Palms In Malaysia And The Associated Increase Of Rattus Diardii, B.J. Wood, G.F. Chung

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rattus tiomanicus is a serious pest of oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia, feeding on the ripening fruit. R. diardii is a rat of human habitations and has been only an occasional field species, presumably because it cannot compete with better adapted species. A widely used control for R. tiomanicus of proven effectiveness uses maize-based baits containing warfarin at 0.05% in 2 cm3 (14.5 g) wax-bound cubes. These are applied in campaigns at one per palm, replaced on 4 daily rounds, until acceptance has declined to 20%. This "standard method" is applied at about 6-month intervals, and rat populations remain …

The Effect Of Seed Coat Colour And Depth Of Planting On Bushfowl Damage To Planted Maize Seeds, Modupe Akande, A.O. Obajimi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The bushfowl (Francolinus bicalcaratus bicalcaratus L.) is a major avian pest on planted maize seeds. Maize seeds colored green and normal white seeds were planted at different depths of 2.5 cm, 5.0 cm, 7.5 cm, 10.0 cm, 12.5 cm, and 15.0 cm in three different trials between 1987 and 1988. The effect of planting depth was highly significant. Damage occurring to seeds planted at a depth of 2.5 cm was significantly higher than all the other depths, even though there was not significant damage among the other depths.

Effect Of Artificial Perches And Nests In Attracting Raptors To Orchards, Leonard R. Askham

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Artificial perches and nest boxes were placed in three Pacific Northwest orchards to assess their effectiveness in attracting birds of prey to reduce vole populations. The data indicated that birds could be attracted under some conditions, but vole populations were not significantly affected. Additional factors such as vegetative biomass and human activity may limit their usefulness in reducing rodent populations under intensive agricultural conditions.

A Management Information System For The Control Of Pest Animals And Plants In Victoria, Australia, James K. Backholer, David W.A. Lane, Eric A. Ward

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The State Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands (CFL) administers legislation relating to the management of pest animals and plants throughout Victoria. CFL conducts control work on public land and assists landholders with programs on freehold land. To provide an information base for the management of CFL's pest control programs, the Pest Management Information System (PMIS) was developed. The PMIS captures descriptions of pest infestations, details of planned and actual treatments, and evaluations of treatments. The first version of the PMIS, developed for microcomputers, was released in 1987 and underwent minor revision during 1988 in the light of field experience. …

Native Heteromyid Rodents As Pests Of Commercial Jojoba, Rex O. Baker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

After crop losses of 5 to 60% were noted on two 500-acre Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plantings in a desert area of southern California, a study was conducted to identify the animals responsible. Various population census and pestidentification techniques were utilized. Four native rodents of the Heteromyid family, not previously known to be pests of Jojoba, were found to be present in sufficiently high numbers to cause severe economic crop loss. The Bailey's pocket mouse (Perognathus baileyi) was the only rodent previously known to survive on Jojoba beans as a food source. A natural chemical, cyanogenic glucoside, …