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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Great-Tailed Grackle Predation On South Texas Citrus (Identifying A Unique Problem), John Hobbs, Fred G. Leon Iii Oct 1987

Great-Tailed Grackle Predation On South Texas Citrus (Identifying A Unique Problem), John Hobbs, Fred G. Leon Iii

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The December 1983 freeze inflicted tremendous damage to the South Texas groves and reduced tree by approximately fifty Additionally, it is believed that Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) populations increased over the past few years. With decreased citrus acreage and increased grackle numbers, the severe negative effects are economically significant to the Texas citrus industry.

Grackle damage to grapefruit and oranges differs in type and economic importance. The first is "cosmetic" in nature, small pecks or scratches on the fruit skin, and downgrades the fruit, reducing its value. The second is actual crop loss due to consumption of fruit …

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An Evaluation Of Controlled Hunting For Management Of Feral Pigeons, Michael D. Hoy, Albert E. Bivings Oct 1987

An Evaluation Of Controlled Hunting For Management Of Feral Pigeons, Michael D. Hoy, Albert E. Bivings

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Pigeons (Columba livia) are a problem for municipal governments throughout most of the eastern United States. Toxicants, sterilants, trapping, and shooting are the principal control techniques. Due to a general public aversion to toxicants and to monetary constraints, a pigeon control program which utilized periodic hunting pressure was initiated in Stuttgart, Arkansas County, Arkansas. Guidelines for organization of controlled hunts are presented along with pigeon harvest rates and population trends. The city government and interested citizens consider the program to be successful and cost effective.

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Frontmatter And Contents Oct 1987

Frontmatter And Contents

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD EASTERN WILDLIFE DAMAGE CONTROL CONFERENCE

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Methiocarb-Treated Rice Seed Applied After Field Draining Fails To Repel Blackbirds From Sprouting Rice, N.R. Holler, P.W. Lefebvre, R.E. Matteson, G.R. Gunknecht, R.A. Dolbeer Oct 1987

Methiocarb-Treated Rice Seed Applied After Field Draining Fails To Repel Blackbirds From Sprouting Rice, N.R. Holler, P.W. Lefebvre, R.E. Matteson, G.R. Gunknecht, R.A. Dolbeer

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Blackbirds, primarily Agelaius phoeniceus, cause extensive losses to sprouting rice in southwestern Louisiana. Methiocarb applied to seed prior to planting at rates above 1.0 g a.i./kg rice (0.1%) has provided excellent protection to sprouting rice in Louisiana under conditions of high bird pressure. To reduce treatment costs, some farmers have used over-flights of methiocarbtreated seed applied at low rates to part of the field after draining. This study showed this technique was not efficacious under conditions of high bird pressure. Four fields treated in this manner suffered 98% loss of sprouts compared to 100% loss in four untreated fields. Large …

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Home Range Responses Of White-Tailed Deer To Crop-Protection Fences, S.E. Hygnstrom, S.R. Craven Oct 1987

Home Range Responses Of White-Tailed Deer To Crop-Protection Fences, S.E. Hygnstrom, S.R. Craven

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

We studied the home ranges and activity patterns of 24 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in southwestern Wisconsin via radio-telemetry and visual observation to determine their response to single-strand electric crop-protection fences. Deer were allowed to establish feeding patterns in alfalfa fields during the spring green-up periods of 1986 and 1987. In mid-April of each year, 7 fences were constructed around selected 7-25 ha alfalfa fields to exclude deer from varying portions of their home ranges. No fences were constructed around alfalfa fields in one area. Fences were built around 50 and 100% of the alfalfa in 2 other areas. Deer …

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Coyote Damage In The Southeastern United States, Edwin J. Jones Oct 1987

Coyote Damage In The Southeastern United States, Edwin J. Jones

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

County agricultural agents in all 82 counties of Mississippi and Extension Wildlife Specialists in the other 10 southeastern states were asked to respond to a short questionnaire on coyote damage in their respective county or state. The questionnaire requested the respondents to: 1) indicate if the number of coyote reports have increased, decreased, or remained stable over the last 5 years, 2) indicate the number of reports they were aware of in the last year, 3) report the type of damage and the associated economic loss, 4) estimate the economic loss over the last 5 years, and 5) provide any …

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Wildlife Damage To Agriculture In Nebraska: A Preliminary Cost Assessment, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Timm Oct 1987

Wildlife Damage To Agriculture In Nebraska: A Preliminary Cost Assessment, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Timm

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

We estimate the annual financial losses resulting from wildlife damage to major crops and livestock in Nebraska. For each wildlife species, the damage problem is presented along with a description of how the estimate was made. Field crop estimates include losses from Plains pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius), commensal rodents (Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus), field rodents in grain fields (e.g. Peromyscus maniculatus, Dipodomys ordi, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), house sparrows (Passer domesticus), blackbirds (e.g. Agelaius phoeniceus and Quiscalus quiscula), lagomorphs (Sylvilaqus floridanus, Lepus californicus, and L. townsendii), deer …

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State/Federal/Private Cooperative Relationships In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly Oct 1987

State/Federal/Private Cooperative Relationships In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

During my 30 year tenure as Alabama's Game and Fish Division Director it has been very gratifying to witness the successful restoration of wildlife populations. We have been able to allow long hunting seasons with liberal bag limits for our popular game species. However, as conditions improved from a recreational standpoint we also experienced an escalation of wildlife damage complaints. Every member of the Alabama Game and Fish Division staff is involved to some extent in answering calls, providing information and otherwise assisting with resolution of wildlife damage complaints.

We do not have the resources required to actively pursue every …

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Taxonomic Status Of Wild Canids In The Southeastern United States, Michael L. Kennedy Oct 1987

Taxonomic Status Of Wild Canids In The Southeastern United States, Michael L. Kennedy

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

In the last 20 years (especially during the last decade), reports of coyote-like wild canids have increased steadily in the southeastern United States. These canids have apparently become well established in many parts of the Southeast. Taxonomically, the coyote-like animal could represent coyote (Canis latrans), red wolf (C. rufus), gray wolf (C. lupus), domestic dog (C. familaris), or hybrids of these taxa. There has been wide speculation (especially among the general public) in some areas as to the taxonomic status of wild canids. General references to wild "coy-dogs" (coyote x domestic dog …

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Drc-6749--An Avian Wetting Agent Of Low Aquatic Toxicity, P.W. Lefebvre, T.D. Bills, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.E. Matteson, L.L. Marking Oct 1987

Drc-6749--An Avian Wetting Agent Of Low Aquatic Toxicity, P.W. Lefebvre, T.D. Bills, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.E. Matteson, L.L. Marking

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

PA-14, the compound presently registered for lethal control of blackbirds and starlings at roosts, is labelled for use only at upland sites. Research was undertaken to identify another wetting agent which might be registered for use at aquatic sites. Of 90 samples received from suppliers, 60 were evaluated for wetting ability in a standard laboratory test. Of these, 10 were chosen for test against an aquatic indicator animal, Daphnia. One of the 10, DRC-6749, a block copolymer, was found significantly low in toxicity, and underwent further aquatic testing against 6 fish and 1 mussel species. Under standard test conditions, no …

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Use Of Soybean Fields In Eastern Virginia By White-Tailed Deer, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon Oct 1987

Use Of Soybean Fields In Eastern Virginia By White-Tailed Deer, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of soybean fields in Virginia was observed during the 1983 and 1984 growing seasons. Total deer observed and deer seen per observer-hour were both greater in 1983 (199 and 2.1, respectively) than in 1984 (122 and 1.8, respectively). The number of deer seen per observer-hour was related to crop phenology; it was highest during the early vegetative stages and decreased when the soybean plants entered reproductive growth stages. Most (90%) deer were sighted within 50 m of edge cover. In both years, the number of adult does seen was about 3 times the …

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The Economic Impact Of Wildlife Damage On Hudson Valley Orchards, M. Phillips, C.G. Forshey, G.B. White, M.E. Richmond Oct 1987

The Economic Impact Of Wildlife Damage On Hudson Valley Orchards, M. Phillips, C.G. Forshey, G.B. White, M.E. Richmond

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The impact of wildlife damage on the profitability of apple farming in New York's Hudson Valley was determined by vise of a Standard Net Present Value (NPV) analysis as a means to measure long-term impact. Data were gathered through questionnaire and interview of a stratified random sample of 39 growers that represented 17% of the regional growers. Data concerning species causing damage, extent of wildlife damage and types of controls used were combined with current and long-range costs including revenue lost through damage and control costs. Limitations of the analysis are discussed along with results that indicate an annual equivalent …

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Perceptions And Management Preferences Of Game Wardens And Extension Agents Towards Deer Damage To Soybeans, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon Oct 1987

Perceptions And Management Preferences Of Game Wardens And Extension Agents Towards Deer Damage To Soybeans, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

We conducted mail-back questionnaire surveys in 1985 of game wardens and agricultural extension agents in eastern Virginia. Our objectives were to examine perceptions of deer damage, particularly on soybean crops, and deer management preferences of these two groups. Extension agents generally reported greater yield losses of crops from deer damage than did game wardens, but the average difference per crop between groups were not significantly different. For example, game wardens estimated that loss of soybean yield due to deer damage was 2.9% (SD = 1.96) and extension agents reported 4.9% loss (SD = 5.01, P = 0.31. The proportion of …

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A State-Administered User-Pay Program For Nuisance Wildlife Control, Dale W. May Oct 1987

A State-Administered User-Pay Program For Nuisance Wildlife Control, Dale W. May

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

In recent years Connecticut, like many other northeastern states, has experienced dramatic suburban encroachment into woodland and farmland areas. The expansion of human population and the accompanying habitat alteration have resulted in a substantial increase in the frequency of wildlife/human conflicts. The Department of Environmental Protection's Wildlife Bureau, mandated to respond to the needs of the people as well as the wildlife of Connecticut, is the state agency given the responsibility of controlling nuisance wildlife problems. Although the Wildlife Bureau provides free technical assistance and educational material, in many cases landowners are either unwilling or unable to resolve nuisance wildlife …

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Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller Oct 1987

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The wildlife profession has achieved great success in habitat management, game population restoration, and in learning to manage wildlife populations for public use and enjoyment during the past 50 years. However, a number of wildlife species have become serious problems to agricultural profitability and to natural resources managers in recent years.

These problem situations may well focus on a lack of appropriate research or perhaps just not keeping pace. For the most part, wildlife research for the prevention and control of wildlife damage has been latently reactive, rather than proactive. Obviously, one of the difficulties continues to be, how to …

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Characteristics Of Predation And Losses In The New York Sheep Industry, Jay B. Mcaninch, Michael G. Fargione Oct 1987

Characteristics Of Predation And Losses In The New York Sheep Industry, Jay B. Mcaninch, Michael G. Fargione

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

A questionnaire survey was used in 1985 to obtain data on predation and losses from New York sheep growers. Surveys were returned by 685 growers which was a 40% return rate. The average grower managed 160 acres, including 24 acres of pasture, kept 106 sheep and received 12% of the total family income from sheep farming. Sheep predation occurred on 44% of the farms and dogs were considered the most harmful predator by 88% of the growers with losses. Growers with sheep losses had significantly larger flocks, more acreage in pasture, larger farms and depended more heavily on sheep farming …

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A Perspective From A State Department Of Agriculture: Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Robert J. Mungari Oct 1987

A Perspective From A State Department Of Agriculture: Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Robert J. Mungari

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Prior to addressing our topic of "Research Needs in Wildlife Damage Control" it is necessary to provide you with the perspective of the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets as it relates to wildlife damage. The Department does not possess statutory authority over the management of the State's wildlife resources. We, therefore, lack the ability to address agricultural crop losses from a statewide or regional perspective through the utilization of population management. Instead we must approach damage control on an individual farm basis with the impact of our present control activities and practices being somewhat localized.

Our involvement …

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Closing Remarks, James E. Miller Oct 1987

Closing Remarks, James E. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The need for professionalism in wildlife damage prevention and control is more important today than ever before. It will be even more important in the future as we are faced with increasing interaction between people and their interests which includes many different perceptions about wildlife. Wildlife professionals must change their philosophy regarding communication with the public about both the positive and negative impacts of wildlife. We can no longer afford the luxury, if indeed we ever could, of avoiding people and their perceptions about wildlife. We must provide scientific, biologically and ecologically sound information in a form which the public …

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The Future Of Wildlife Damage Control In An Urban Environment, Gary J. San Julian Oct 1987

The Future Of Wildlife Damage Control In An Urban Environment, Gary J. San Julian

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

As the trend towards urbanization escalates, the United States is rapidly becoming a nation of non-farmers and suburban residents. Consequently, the conflicts between residents and wildlife species are increasing, while the interest in urban wildlife and backyard habitat is growing. These ' trends, coupled with changes in pesticide regulations, a shortage of trained professionals and relic legislation, create a complex and paradoxical situation for residents and professionals in the area of urban wildlife management. The future of wildlife in the urban environment will depend on our ability to convince and educate wildlife managers, citizens and legislators about the need for …

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Wolf, Golden Eagle, And Coyote Problems In Montana, B.W. O'Gara, W. Rightmire Oct 1987

Wolf, Golden Eagle, And Coyote Problems In Montana, B.W. O'Gara, W. Rightmire

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The average annual reported loss of sheep and lambs to predators in Montana from 1982 through 1986 was 46,000 animals worth $1,980,000. During recent years, coyote predation has been the single most important cause of death for lambs. Coyotes accounted for 80% of the predator kills during 1985 and 72% during 1986, and 8,321 coyotes were killed by ADC during those 2 years. Aerial gunning accounted for more than half of the kills. During the first year of a study on a ranch in western Montana without predator control, coyotes killed 8% of the ewes and 27% of lambs. Predation …

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Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B.W. O'Gara Oct 1987

Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B.W. O'Gara

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Controversies regarding wildlife damage control often result from incorrect perceptions by the general public or conservation groups. Such controversies can usually be settled to most people's satisfaction by indisputable data. In the past, however, data were often lacking. The ban, by Executive order in 1972, of chemical toxicants for predator control on federal lands and by federal agencies is a good case in point. Indisputable data were not available concerning the level of predation. The only data were derived from questionnaires filled out by livestock producers; Government officials and the public simply would not accept such data as unbiased.

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Lethal Roost Toxicants For Control Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Denver L. Otis Oct 1987

Lethal Roost Toxicants For Control Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Denver L. Otis

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Roosting congregations of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and several blackbird species (Icteridae) cause several millions of dollars in losses to agricultural crops throughout the United States. In addition, they are responsible for a variety of nuisance problems, human and livestock diseases, and human safety hazards. Dozens of tools have been developed for alleviating these problems, some of which are nonlethal techniques aimed at either roost dispersal or site specific protection of the problem site. Lethal baiting techniques for use at staging areas or at the problem site have also been developed. However, the most controversial solution involves the use …

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Coyote Control Techniques And Their Applications In The Eastern United States, Rick D. Owens Oct 1987

Coyote Control Techniques And Their Applications In The Eastern United States, Rick D. Owens

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Conflicts between coyotes and man's activities are varied and include such problems as predation on livestock, agricultural crops, and other wildlife, as well as threats to human health or safety. Formerly restricted to the Great Plains, the coyote's adaptability has enabled expansion of its population throughout most of the United States, Canada and Mexico. This expansion has occurred in spite of large-scale control and/or eradication efforts.

In the West, coyote management includes non-lethal as well as lethal techniques. Non-lethal approaches, which have resulted in varying degrees of success, include the use of guarding dogs, fencing, and shedding. In many instances, …

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Participants Oct 1987

Participants

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

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Deer Damage Control Preferences And Use Decisions Of New York Orchardists, K.G. Purdy, W.F. Siemer, G.A. Pomerantz, T.L. Brown Oct 1987

Deer Damage Control Preferences And Use Decisions Of New York Orchardists, K.G. Purdy, W.F. Siemer, G.A. Pomerantz, T.L. Brown

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Previous studies in New York, the nation's second leading state in apple production, have contributed much to deer management decisions that give consideration to orchardists' concerns about crop damage. Little information, however, has been reported about orchardists' reasons for adopting or not adopting particular types of deer damage controls or their preference for various forms of possible damage control assistance. Two complementary studies, conducted in early 1987 by the Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, have addressed these information needs. A mail survey of orchardists in an important fruit-producing region of southeastern New York indicated that …

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Cooperative Beaver Control: Usfws-Adc And Private/Industrial Landowners, K. F. Rohr Oct 1987

Cooperative Beaver Control: Usfws-Adc And Private/Industrial Landowners, K. F. Rohr

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Beaver populations in North Miss, and West Tenn. have increased rapidly, Pelt trapping has been the major control method in the past. With low demand and poor prices for southern pelts, this activity is almost nonexistent today.

Landowners, both private and industrial, have tried several control methods with limited success. Few landowners have the expertise or the time to perform their own control work. What is needed is an agency with the expertise and the supervisory capacity to administer the program for the landowner.

The Animal Damage Control Unit of USDA entered into a cooperative agreement with an industrial landowner …

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Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of 'Mcintosh’ Apple Trees, M.E. Richmond, C.G. Forshey, L.A. Mahaffy, P.N. Miller Oct 1987

Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of 'Mcintosh’ Apple Trees, M.E. Richmond, C.G. Forshey, L.A. Mahaffy, P.N. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) were maintained as known populations (0, 269, 538 and 1075/ha) in wire mesh-enclosed blocks of 'Mclntosh'/M26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) for 2 years. There was little measurable effect of the voles on growth and production the 1st year, but during the 2nd year the highest population was associated with the death of one tree; severe reductions in growth, yield, and fruit size; a 78% reduction in crown bark weight, 56% loss of fibrous roots, and a dramatic reduction in the value of the crop. Although the low and the medium …

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The Use Of The T-Culvert Guard To Protect Road Culverts From Plugging Damage By Beavers, K.J. Roblee Oct 1987

The Use Of The T-Culvert Guard To Protect Road Culverts From Plugging Damage By Beavers, K.J. Roblee

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Since 1978 there has been a continual effort by Region 9 of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to develop devices capable of protecting road culverts from plugging damage by beavers (Castor canadensis). Various protective devices were developed. The most successful was the T-culvert guard. Trial installations of T-culvert guards were made at 4 sites experiencing beaver damage. T-culverts consisted of a 4 ft. or larger diameter culvert and a smaller diameter culvert which connected it to the road culvert . Directions for construction, installation and maintenance of T-culverts are given. Costs for a typical 4 …

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Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian Oct 1987

Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Extension personnel are in a unique position to observe and to be involved in animal damage control (ADC) programs at the federal, state and private levels. In order to offer educational programs, we must interpret regulations and policies to provide a workable interface between ourselves, other agencies and the public. This is not an easy task in such a sensitive and emotional area.

The lack of uniformity in policies among federal agencies as well as the hazy lines of authority and responsibility for some species makes it hard to provide guidance for our clientele. The growing involvement of the public …

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Rodenticide Use In Agricultural Crops, Terrell P. Salmon Oct 1987

Rodenticide Use In Agricultural Crops, Terrell P. Salmon

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The in-crop use of pesticides is allowed only after establishment of a crop tolerance with supporting residue data for the crop. Residue data from different regions and pesticide application methods (hand treatment, aerial broadcast, etc.) are required. Most rodenticide uses have been considered as non-crop since they are generally applied in and around rodent burrows and runways. Because of this, rodenticides do not generally have tolerances or residue information for crop use.

Recent inquiries by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a review of current rodenticide labels, and new pesticide laws, suggest the need for reevaluating the question of in-crop use …

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