Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Scientific Perspectives On Integrated Aquatic Resources Management Of The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

When management requires water quality standards, we should establish standards in a scientific and logical manner to serve the long-term needs of the users. It was this very process that led to enactment of the Reclamation Act of 1902 and the Boulder Canyon Project Act of 1928 - legislation that still serves the needs of users in the Colorado River Basin. This process can work again if we can make the "tradeoffs" that are so vital in management of a multi-purpose river.

In order to do this, however, we must first be able to identify "tradeoffs." This requires good scientific …

The Effects Of Impoundments On Salinity In The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker

Publications (WR)

The increase in salinity of our western rivers has been identified as one of the most serious water quality problems in the nation. This is of special concern in the Colorado River where salinity has increased from pristine levels estimated at 380 mg/1 to present-day levels of 825 mg/1 at Imperial Dam. Flow depletions, associated with decreased runoff and increased evaporation and diversions, coupled with high salt loading from natural and man-created sources are considered the primary causes for rising salinity in the river. The urban and agricultural development projected to occur in the basin through this century could deplete …

Birds On Modified Wetlands In Eastern South Dakota, E. Nell Brady

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

To examine the role of bird species (other than Anatidae) in the prairie wetlands ecosystem. Seven wetlands on Waterfowl Production Areas in eastern South Dakota were utilized to measure differences between bird communities in plots with dug brood complexes and non-modified plots. Thirty-eight species of wetland birds were recorded on wetlands during June 1981 and June 1982. The most abundant species included the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris), and song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). Analysis of variance was used to test between treatment (modified and natural plots on the wetlands) differences for the dependent variables: density, bird species …

Feeding Behavior, Food Consumption, Growth, And Survival Of Hybrid Grass Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis X Ctenopharyngodon Idella) In South Dakota, Marc C. Harberg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Plant preference of yearling hybrids (Hypophthlmichthys nobilis X Ctenopharyngodon idella) was examined under control conditions at the Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery, Yankton, South Dakota and under field conditions in two stockwater impoundments in south-central South Dakota. IN feeding trials, conducted in a 0.07 ha hatchery pond, hybrid grass carp selected Najas guadalupensis, Chara sp. and Potamogeton pectinuatus. Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum were not consumed. Under field conditions N. guadalupensis also appeared to be preferred while C. demersum was not. Feeding behavior, daily consumption, growth, and survival were also evaluated in the two stockwater impoundments. Hybrids averaging 51g were …

Characteristics And Success Of South Dakota Archery Deer Hunters, Kelly Brian Mcphillips

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two mail questionnaires were sent to South Dakota archery deer hunters after the 1981 archery deer season. One questionnaire was sent to a random sample of all bowhunters, and the second was sent to a sample of bowhunters failing to return the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks (SDGFP) mandatory big game hunter report card. Success rate of bowhunters killing deer and crippling rate of deer by bowhunters were determined. A profile of the average bowhunter was developed. The SDGFP bowhunter reporting system was evaluated. Success rates from the 2 questionnaires (29% and 19%) were significantly different from …

Interagency Hazard Mitigation: 90-Day Post Flood Recovery Progress Report, Hazard Mitigation Team (Utah)

Elusive Documents

As a result of an extended period of abnormally high precipitation, prolonged snow melt, and subsequent high water tales, Utahns, in 1983 suffered from landslides, debris flows, flooding, and a dam failure. On April 30, 1983, the President determined the Spanish Fork slide-dam and Thistle flood covering Utah, Carbon, and Emery Counties was of sufficient seventy and magnitude to issue a Major Disaster Declaration under Public Law 93-288. The incident period was not closed until July 1, 1983. By the time all flooding had ceased, nineteen additional counties (over 75% of Utah) had been included in the Declaration.

Growth And Activity Of Juvenile Mosquitofish: Temperature And Ration Effects, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, J. Cech

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The effects of constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 C) and ration size on the growth rates and activity of juvenile mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (mean wet weight, about 20 mg) were measured in laboratory experiments. On ad libitum rations of Tubifex spp. worms, food-consumption rates of mosquitofish were very high, ranging from 7% dry body weight/day at 10 C to 83%/day at 35 C. Growth increased from 0% dry body weight/day at 10 C to 21%/day at 30 C and declined slightly at 35 C. Gross efficiencies (100 growth/food consumption) increased from 0 at 10 C to …

Measuring Species Diversity On Revegetated Surface Mines: An Evaluation Of Techniques, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Mines and Mineral Resources

This report reviews the three most commonly used techniques for measuring species diversity in plant communities: (1) diversity indices, (2) rank correlation tests, and (3) similarity indices. The author discusses the suitability of each technique for assessing species diversity on mined land and evaluates the most often used indices, test statistics, or coefficients of each technique. Applications of the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient, Motyka and others' and Bray and Curtis' version of Sorensen's similarity index, and Spatz' version of Jaccard's index for assessing mined land species diversity are presented in the appendix.

Planning For Rural Human Services: The Western Energy-Impact Experience, United States Department Of Health And Human Services, Office Of Human Development Services

Fuel Sources

Beginning in the mid-1970's, the development of energy resources in the western United States created significant changes in the small, rural communities of this area. Many of the changes were the result of the rapid influx of population associated with industrial activities. It has long been recognized that communities subject to rapid growth have difficulty meeting the physical facility needs of their residents, such as housing, shopping and school facilities, and sewer and water services. In recent years, a growing recognition of the importance of the social effects of rapid community growth has also developed. These effects include the deterioration …

Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) Cage Culture And Primary Production In Eastern South Dakota Dugout Ponds, Michael John Roell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) reared in 1 m³ cages in a South Dakota dugout pond grew and survived as well or better than most cage-cultured rainbow trout reported in the literature. Significant differences (P≤0.01) in mean length, weight, and food conversion, and similarity in relative weight between trout fed 2 and 4% of body weight daily, indicated that the optimum feeding rate was near 3% for this size range (35=100g). Daily rations based on fish size and water temperature need to be developed for trout reared in a lentic environment. The high cost of fingerlings was the limiting factor in …

Waterfowl Pair And Brood Use Of Dug Brood Complexes In East-Central South Dakota, Beth A. Giron Pendleton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Modification of wetlands has been a frequently employed management technique to enhance habitat for waterfowl and other wetland wildlife. One type of excavation in wetland basins is the dug brood complex; an interconnected system of pond units, channels, and islands, primarily created to provide waterfowl brood rearing habitat during drought. In 1981-82, a study was conducted to evaluate waterfowl pair and brood use of 8 pairs of Class IV wetlands in east-central South Dakota. Each pair consisted of a wetland with a dug brood complex (modified) and an unmodified basin of comparable basin size. Under drought conditions in 1981, both …

Recreational Use Of Six Prairie Wetlands In Eastern South Dakota, Timothy Allen Thompson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A recreational use survey was conducted at 6 public wetlands in eastern South Dakota from August 9, 1981 through August 8, 1982. Four hundred and fifty-eight postcard questionnaires were placed on vehicles encountered at these marshes during random time periods. Two hundred and thirty-five were voluntarily returned for a response rate of 51.3%. Approximately 10, 020 people made 4,778 trips to these wetlands and spent 63, 093 man-hours. Thirty-one different activities were observed or reported. Hunting accounted for 96.0% of all fall trips and 89.1% of yearly visits. Over 89% of all visits occurred during fall and over 50% of …

Scs Natinoal Engineering Handbook: Section 15, Irrigation, Chapter 12--Land Leveling, U.S. Department Of Commerce

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Land leveling or land grading for irrigation is modifying the surface relief of a field to a planned grade to provide a more suitable surface for efficiently applying irrigation water. Normally land leveling requires moving a lot of earth over several hundred feet. This should not be confused with land planning, land smoothing, or land floating. They are usually accomplished with special equipment to eliminate minor irregularities, and they do not change the general topography of the land surface. Rough grading is removing knolls, mounds, or ridges and filling pockets or swales in a field that is not to have …

John Muir Newsletter, January/February 1983, Holt-Atherton Pacific Center For Western Studies

Muir Center Newsletters (1981-2015)

Holt-Atherton Pacific Center V\/ / University of the Pacific for Western Studies \ Stockton, Calif 95211 VOLUME 3 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1983 NUMBER 1 EDITORIAL STAFF: RONALD H. LIMBAUGH, KIRSTEN E. LEWIS HOP SIGNS PUBLICATION AGREEMENT WITH MUIR-HANNA FAMILIES The unpublished works of John Muir, including but not limited to correspondence, manuscripts and sketches, remain the literary property of the Muir- Hanna families and are currently protected by common-law copyright. Anyone seeking to publish any portion of the Muir papers must obtain permission from an authorized representative of the Muir-Hanna families. Last September the literary heirs appointed Richard R. Hanna and Ross …

Abundance And Biomass Of The Meiobenthos In Nearshore Lake Michigan With Comparisons To The Macrobenthos, Thomas F. Nalepa, Michael A. Quigley

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The meiobenthos of nearshore southeastern Lake Michigan was quantified by taking cores from three depths (11, 17, and 23 m) at monthly intervals from May to November 1976-79. Total meiobenthic abundance rangedfrom 69,700/m² to 1,300,000/m² and total biomass rangedfrom 0.03 to 0.87 g/m². Nematodes accounted for 80% of all individuals and 66% of the biomass. Most of the major groups peaked in late spring/summer, but some peaked in early spring and fall. With the exception of nematodes, mean annual densities varied from two-fold to twelve-fold at a given station. Harpacticoids, tardigrades, and ostracods tended to be …

Successional Trends In An Ungrazed, Arid Grassland Over A Decade, Edgar F. Kleiner

Canyonlands Research Bibliography

A study has been made of the vegetational condition of a formerly grazed area, Chesler Park, in Canyonlands National Park. A comparison was made with the same area 10 years earlier. The 10-year successional changes are also compared to baseline data of 10 years earlier from Virginia Park, an adjacent ungrazed area. Because of inaccessibility and long isolation from disturbances, Virginia Park is presumed to be in climax condition and is the control for this study. Chesler Park shows a successional trend after 10 years toward the vegetational condition of Virginia Park. This is exemplified, with only one major exception …

Pastoral Land Degradation: The Fitzroy As A Case Study, Alan L. Payne, Ronald B. Hacker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

When large numbers of domestic livestock are superimposed on native vegetation in semi-arid and arid areas of the world, the ecological balance inevitably changes. In extreme cases these changes include such degradation as drastic losses of vegetation and active soil erosion. Areas affected in this way are unproductive for most purposes.

Western Australia's Fitzroy River valley has deteriorated in this way. Today, this once-­productive grazing country is so degraded that it has become a matter of concern to Governments, the pastoral industry and others.

This article gives a brief history of land degradation in parts of the Fitzroy River valley, …

Hydrological Studies In Soil Salinity, C J. Henschke

Resource management technical reports

Investigations involved examination of near-surface indurated layers to investigate their role in saltland formation. It was found that groundwater could move readily through this layer due to the presence of macro-pores. Close examination of apparently impermeable pallid zone clays, shows that decayed tree roots and large diameter voids provide a continuous pathway for the veritical transport of saline water from deeper aquifers.

Land Resource Survey Report Of The Brigadoon Development Proposal, M R. Wells

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

A Brief Study Of Land Capability In The Coastal Region Of The Shire Of Harvey, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia. Soil Conservation Service, M R. Wells, P A. Hesp

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Agricultural Water Quality Criteria : Irrigation Aspects., P R. George

Resource management technical reports

Water quality criteria for irrigation are imprecise. The final result of quality evaluation depends on plant, soil and climatic variables all of which can be inter-dependent. A range of management strategies of varying complexity are available to mitigate the effects of poor quality water. The heavy winter rainfall in the south-west of Western Australia affects the applicability of published salinity criteria most of which have been developed in arid and semi-arid environments with little effective rainfall.

Rural (Non-Irrigation) Water Supplies In Western Australia : A Perspective To The Year 2000, I A F Laing

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Interpretation Of Water Quality Data From The Nansemond And Chuckatuck Estuaries With Respect To Point And Nonpoint Sources Of Pollution : A Report To The Hampton Roads Water Quality Agency, Cindy L. Bosco, Bruce J. Neilson

Reports

.Recently the Nansemond and Chuckatuck basins have been designated as a Rural Clean Water Program demonstration area. This designation means that federal funds will be available to share the costs incurred by farmers when they implement the so-called Best Management Practices on their croplands, pastures, and feedlots. One requirement of the federal funding agency is that local governmental bodies monitor the quality of the waters in the area to document changes. One element in that monitoring effort is the study of conditions in the estuaries of these two water bodies. The Hampton Roads Water Quality Agency contracted with VIMS to …

Ten Year Research Plan For The Period July 1, 1983- June 30, 1993, School Of Marine Science, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, College Of William & Mary

Reports

No abstract provided.

Monthly Report On The State Of Rivers 1983, Albert Kuo

Reports

Chiefly graphs showing monthly salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen distributions at slackwater for the James, York, Pamunkey, and Rappahannock Rivers.

1983: March-April, May, June-November

Adapting Appropriation Water Law To Accommodate Equitable Consideration Of Instream Flow Uses, Jay M. Bagley, Dean T. Larson, Lee Kapaloski

Reports

The increasing public interest in naturally flowing streams has fostered efforts to obtain their protection under existing state water laws. In this study, the water laws of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming were examined and compared 1) with each other, and 2) against a set of aleitn criteria, to assess shortcomings in accommodating instream flow protections. It was determined that the appropriation system has the essential features of and ambodies legal principles that should allow the accommodation of instream flow values but, at this time, purchase of existing rights or the exercise of governmental reservation/withdrawal/appropriation …

Impediments To Effective Interactions Between Multipurpose Water Districts And Other Governmental Institutions In Urbanizing Areas, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws, Wendell B. Anderson, Daniel H. Hoggan, Lee Kapaloski

Reports

Water institutions are highly diffused throughout society. These institutions interact with one another in various ways. As water needs and services expand, collaborative and cooperative arrangements are commonly sought as a means of meeting common goals of providing a safe, dependable adn least cost water supply to particular constituencies. Of the many different institutions involved in the development, managment, distribution, and use of water, perhaps the most significant in terms of extensive interactions with other institutions is the kind that is typified by Water Conservancy Districts and Metropolitan Water Districts in Utah. The statutory and operating framework of counterpart organizations …

Some Lake Level Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, Marvin E. Allen, Ronald K. Christensen, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Fluctuations of the level of the Great Salt Lake cause large changes in both surface area and shoreline. Developments adjacent to the lake have been damaged by both high and low lake levels; and unless measures are implemented to regulate lake level fluctuations or otherwise to protect these developments, damages will continue. Various possible managment alternatives for mitigating potential damages from lake level fluctuations need to be examined and evaluated. In this study, three possible techniques are examined for reducing damages from fluctuating water levels at the lake, namely: 1. Consumptively using an increased proportion of the inflowing fresh waters …

Aquatic Resources Management Of The Colorado River Ecosystem, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra

Reports

The Colorado River system has often been referred to as "the most regulated river system in the world." The Colorado River Basin serves millions of people through agricultural, energy, municipal and industrial uses, fish and wildlife activities, and recreation. The symposium was conceived and organized to allow researchers, private industry, consultants, water users, regulatory agencies, and concerned citizens the opportunity to express needs, desires, and concerns about the vast resources of the Colorado River. We found that there were a diverse number of problems confronting the individuals who are involved in the management of this important ecosystem. A variety of …

Institutional Arrangements For Flood Plain Management In Ontario An Analysis Of The West Ferris Flood Plain Management Study, Dan Shrubsole

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The intent of this study is to investigate how river basin study delays could be avoided or shortened. Mitchell and Gardner (1983) identified the need for this type of research in order to make watershed planning credible. This study specifically focuses on how the institutional arrangement for flood plain management may be improved to provide more efficient and effective management, present institutional arrangement for flood plain management in Ontario. The research was divided into two phases. The first phase was a literature review pertaining to comprehensive river basin management, institutional arrangements for water management, and general planning. This review led …