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Articles 49441 - 49470 of 52431

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Changing Status Of Mountain Lion In California And Livestock Depredation Problems, Richard A. Weaver Mar 1978

Changing Status Of Mountain Lion In California And Livestock Depredation Problems, Richard A. Weaver

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The California Department of Fish and Game studied depredation by mountain lions on livestock from 1971 through 1977 to determine the scope of the problem. Information was needed on the physical characteristics of a stock killer, the frequency and trend of predation, the livestock types preyed upon, and the geographic distribution of incidents. Department of Fish and Game verified 134 incidents of mountain lion predation on livestock which occurred between April 1971 and December 1977. Forty-five mountain lions (28 males and 17 females) were killed on depredation during this time. Approximately 42 percent of the predation incidents involved sheep, 22 …

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Influences On The Science Of Animal Damage Control, John R. Wood Mar 1978

Influences On The Science Of Animal Damage Control, John R. Wood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This paper is about the complexity of animal damage control science and its research, methods development, and control applications. It is not the point here to discourse on the individual methodology used in animal damage control research. The discussion is to point out that many researchers, wildlife managers, bureaucrats, or advocates fail to understand the situation in the science of animal damage control and its attendant problems that need resolution. (1,2,3)

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Design Of A Reliable, Inexpensive Recording Rain Gage Which Utilizes Solid-State Memory, Stephen A. Dyer Mar 1978

Design Of A Reliable, Inexpensive Recording Rain Gage Which Utilizes Solid-State Memory, Stephen A. Dyer

KWRRI Research Reports

Researchers working in the general area of water resources frequently have need for precipitation data. Unfortunately, the cost of commercially available recording rain gages is often greater than $1,000 per unit. This report describes a microprocessor-controlled remote recording rain gage which is capable of unattended operation for periods of greater than a month that costs less than $400 in single quantities. The laboratory prototype uses a tipping bucket to collect precipitation in 0.01-inch increments. The time of the bucket tip is stored, using an offset binary format, in solid-state memory. A complete description of the gage hardware is presented along …

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Matters Of Concern In Rodent Control In Pennsylvania Orchards, C. M. Ritter Feb 1978

Matters Of Concern In Rodent Control In Pennsylvania Orchards, C. M. Ritter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Rodent control -- both meadow and pine -- has been and continues to be a matter of major concern in all Pennsylvania orchards. Insect and disease problems are vexing but largely seasonal and comparatively easy to correct. Rodent damage, at best, is a debilitating factor in tree growth and fruit production. At worst, it is terminal so far as tree life is concerned.

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The Meadow, Prairie, And Pine Vole Problem In Ohio, Charles L. Mcgriff Feb 1978

The Meadow, Prairie, And Pine Vole Problem In Ohio, Charles L. Mcgriff

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Fruit growers, nurserymen, and Christmas tree growers in Ohio suffer economic loss each year if tree-girdling mice are present and not con¬trolled. Unfortunately, in Ohio as elsewhere we have no practical method for arriving at the total value of loss from mouse damage. The grower's reports of losses are merely estimates.

Populations of meadow, prairie, and pine voles are present in Ohio, with pine voles most common in the Southern part. It is essential that the grower identify the species present, because control methods differ, and the same materials are not equally effective for all species.

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Proceedings Of The Second Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium Feb 1978

Proceedings Of The Second Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SECOND EASTERN FINE AND MEADOW VOLE SYMPOSIUM

The Second Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium met at Beltsville, Maryland, February 23-24, 1978, to discuss various solutions to the serious damage caused by these rodents to fruit trees in the Eastern United States. Fruit growers, local, state, and federal research and extension specialists from many universities, Environmental Protection Agency, U. S. Department of Agriculture, U. S. Department of Interior, and the chemical industry participated in the program.

The purpose of the second symposium was to focus attention on one of the most serious cultural problems facing the fruit …

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Herbaceous Cover Spray Of Chlorophacinone For Meadow Mice Control In Apple Orchards, Raymond E. Hunter Feb 1978

Herbaceous Cover Spray Of Chlorophacinone For Meadow Mice Control In Apple Orchards, Raymond E. Hunter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Very effective control of the short-tailed meadow mice (Microtus spp.) was obtained by means of grass and weed spraying in two orchards with Chlorophacinone. This toxin was applied in one orchard with a boom-type tractor sprayer and in another orchard with a hand-gun nozzle operated from the tractor manually. The anti-coagulant rodenticide in each orchard was mixed in spray tanks at the rate of one pint per 100 gallons water. Spray was directed to an area two feet on each side of apple tree rows applying six pints of the concentrate per treated acre. A five-foot strip of dense …

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Efficacy Data For Baits Prepared As Candidate Orchard Vole Control Agents, Milo Richmond, Mary Dunlay, Robert Stehn Feb 1978

Efficacy Data For Baits Prepared As Candidate Orchard Vole Control Agents, Milo Richmond, Mary Dunlay, Robert Stehn

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

I believe this audience is already well aware of the dilemma in New York State. We have suffered extensive damage from orchard mice over the past three years in New York with some growers losing their entire operation. The pine vole, Pitymys pinetorum, has assumed an Important role as an orchard pest and in eastern New York easily surpasses the related meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus as a significant orchard pest. A recent grower-funded economic survey, initiated by this Unit, and reported in a paper by Pearson and Forsney (1978) points up the severity of losses thru reduced quality and …

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Comparison Of Pine Vole Populations In A Maintained And An Abandoned Orchard, S. K. Kukila, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick Feb 1978

Comparison Of Pine Vole Populations In A Maintained And An Abandoned Orchard, S. K. Kukila, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Before more effective and reliable control methods for pine vole populations can be developed, it is essential to increase our knowledge of the pine vole's basic biology and ecology. Former research conducted by Estep et al (1978) and Noffsinger (1976) has demonstrated distinct differences in food habits, physiological condition and reproductive activity of pine voles in active and abandoned orchards. A summary of their findings is presented in Kirkpatrick and Noffsinger (1977). Results from these studies has promoted an interest to more completely define population characteristics of pine voles in these two orchard types. In this manner, it will be …

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Progress Report To The Second Pine Mouse Symposium On Control Measures By New York Growers, Steve Clark Feb 1978

Progress Report To The Second Pine Mouse Symposium On Control Measures By New York Growers, Steve Clark

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In the past year, The Pine Mouse Action Committee of the North Eastern Fruit Council, mounted a successful campaign to secure a state label for endrin. This was a temporary state label for special use in pine vole infested orchards. Warren Smith, Extension Agent, will explain in more detail how this was done and what restrictions were imposed. To most of you, this may not seem like we made much progress, but this is the first time a persistent chemical has been returned to the active list. We feel the endrin will give us the needed vole control in orchards …

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A Grower's View Of Vole Control Methods, R. N. Barber Feb 1978

A Grower's View Of Vole Control Methods, R. N. Barber

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Barber Orchards has been an operating orchard since 1903. Our number one problem as far as pests are concerned has been the loss of trees due to mice — pine and meadow vole.

In the 20's, 30’s, and 40's, we consistently lost from 300 to 500 trees per year, even though we were putting out and using every known conventional bait station and bait known to the various states growing apples in a commercial way. We used poisoned oats, wheat, chufers, peanuts and apples which we placed in the runs and holes, as well as under one yard squares of …

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Preliminary Benefit Analysis Of Endrin Use On Apple Orchards, Mark A. Luttner Feb 1978

Preliminary Benefit Analysis Of Endrin Use On Apple Orchards, Mark A. Luttner

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This article summarizes the Preliminary Benefit Analysis of Endrin Use on Apple Orchards of September, 1977. The analysis was prepared to be an input to the risk/benefit decision by the Administrator of EPA as to the continued registration of endrin under FIFRA, as amended. A notice of rebuttable presumption against registration (RPAR) of endrin was Issued in the Federal Register on July 27, 1976. If the data on human health and or environmental risks cited in the RPAR are not rebutted and risks outweigh benefits, the Administrator may announce intent to cancel the apple orchard registrations of endrin. This report …

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Research Funding, C. Leslie Mccombs Feb 1978

Research Funding, C. Leslie Mccombs

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The purpose of this paper is to review the past trends in funding agricultural research and focus on the current situation and offer suggestions for ways that we might help ourselves in the funding crisis that seemingly gets worse each year.

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1976 Ipoms Vole Results, Don W. Hayne Feb 1978

1976 Ipoms Vole Results, Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This is a preliminary report on the vole portions of an interdisciplinary study of integrated pest and orchard management systems (IPOMS) in North Carolina. Vole trapping results of winter 1976-77 in 46 orchards are reported and compared to vegetational and chemical measurements made in the same orchards the previous summer.

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An Experimental Comparison Of Vole Control Methods, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don W. Hayne Feb 1978

An Experimental Comparison Of Vole Control Methods, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This is a description of a new relatively long-term study of pine vole control under the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. The objective is to evaluate on an experimental basis, the principal methods used to control vole populations and damage in apple orchards.

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Pine Vole Control Studies In Virginia - 1977, Ross E. Byers Feb 1978

Pine Vole Control Studies In Virginia - 1977, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Hand placed baits of Rozol (Chlorophacinone, CPN), Ramik-Brown (Diphacinone, DPN), and Talon (Brodifacoum, BFC) gave excellent control of pine voles in 1977. Vacor (RH 787) did not give adequate control when a meal preparation was hand placed at 10 lbs/A.

Talon and Rozol broadcast at 25 and 22 lbs/A, respectively, gave 100% and 967. control of pine voles. Five lbs/A of hand placed Talon gave equivalent control. A second broadcast experiment of LM 637, Rozol and Talon at 15 lbs/A each was followed by rain the next day but gave 21%, 66%, and 93% control, respectively.

Ground cover spray of …

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Tank Test Method For Determining Rootstock Resistance To Pine Vole Attack, John C. Wysolmerski, R. E. Byers, James N. Cummins Feb 1978

Tank Test Method For Determining Rootstock Resistance To Pine Vole Attack, John C. Wysolmerski, R. E. Byers, James N. Cummins

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine vole attack of one-year-old stem tissue of clones representing many hybrid and other species revealed 5 cultivars apparently less susceptible to damage when compared to Golden Delicious stems. Fusca seemed to be least attacked along with 74R5M9-62, PI 286613, N.Y. 11928, and Hall.

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An Ecological Framework For Vole Management, Jay Mcaninch Feb 1978

An Ecological Framework For Vole Management, Jay Mcaninch

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A great deal of past pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) research has focused upon toxicants as a means of population control. The advent of more and more environmental restrictions on chemical uses and toxicant resistance in target populations has created endless research in this area of vole control techniques. The application of wildlife management principles through biological and cultural techniques could serve as a sound foundation upon which to build a vole control program.

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Five Years Of Controlling Meadow And Pine Vole With Ramik Brown, J. G. Connell, W. B. O'Neal Feb 1978

Five Years Of Controlling Meadow And Pine Vole With Ramik Brown, J. G. Connell, W. B. O'Neal

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Testing of Ramik for control of orchard mice was begun in 1972 in New York. By 1974 there were many test locations all over the Northeast, and by 1975 tests were conducted all over the country. Analyzing the results of some of the early testing suggested some refinements of application technique and formulation. These changes were made to better adapt Ramik to the conditions found in the orchard, and to make it more attractive to the voles. Some of the parameters examined are outlined below:

1. Bait flavor

2. Weather effects on the bait

3. Pellet size

4. Toxicant concentration …

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An Update On Rozol For Orchard Mouse Control, Sol Pitchon Feb 1978

An Update On Rozol For Orchard Mouse Control, Sol Pitchon

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

ROZOL- continues its advance in establishing itself as a reliable product for controlling orchard mice.

ROZOL GROUND SPRAY CONCENTRATE is still the only alternative to Endrin, not only from the persistence point of view, but for its effectiveness. Environmentally, ROZOL GROUND SPRAY CONCENTRATE is proving to be a desirable product because shortly after it controls the mice, it degrades into non-toxic metabolites, thus lacking the residue problems that exist with Endrin.

Furthermore, mouse resistance to Endrin has developed after many years of orchard use. Clear field data has established that ROZOL GROUND SPRAY CONCENTRATE is more effective than Endrin in …

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The Hudson Valley's Experience Securing Endrin For Use In 1977, Warren H. Smith Feb 1978

The Hudson Valley's Experience Securing Endrin For Use In 1977, Warren H. Smith

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The year 1977 was eventful for Hudson Valley fruit growers who are troubled by pine voles. In March when the snows melted it was clearly evident that serious vole damage to area orchards had taken place and immediate action was necessary to eradicate this menace. Cooperative Extension played a major leadership role organizing grower committee activities, and the North Eastern Fruit Council, a newly formed grower group, represented the industry during these activities. Steve Clark, a Milton, New York fruit grower, was chosen as chairman of the North Eastern Fruit Council grower action committee.

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A Grower's Experience In Pine Mice Control - 1973 Through 1977, Philip Glaize Feb 1978

A Grower's Experience In Pine Mice Control - 1973 Through 1977, Philip Glaize

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

By 1973 Endrin in Virginia was pro-Ting ineffective. Mice were resistant to Endrin in Most orchards.

Dr. Horafall had started work with Chlorophaclone (C.P.N.) just prior to 1973 and Virginia had cleared it for experimental use.

In November we purchased a considerable amount of the first that was manufactured.

The first C.P.N. that was applied at the recommended rate of .2 lbs. per acre was very effective. The weather was fairly warm and according to our checks we had 90 percent control.

Unfortunately, part of our C.P.N. separated due to a bad formulation and we could not complete the job.

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The Pine Vole - Monitoring And Research Efforts, Burel H. Lane Feb 1978

The Pine Vole - Monitoring And Research Efforts, Burel H. Lane

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The fruit industry is an important segment of New York's agricultural economy generating over 100 million dollars of farm income annually. Of the 66,740 acres of apples in the state, four counties of the lower Hudson River Valley incorporate 20,680 acres or approximately 30% of New York's apple acreage.

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Research Needs: Pine Vole Depredations, G. K. Lavoie, H. P. Tietjen Feb 1978

Research Needs: Pine Vole Depredations, G. K. Lavoie, H. P. Tietjen

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles {Pitymys pinetorum (Audubon and Bachman), or Microtus pinetorum (LeConte)} are pests of significant economic importance to orchardists in several eastern and northeastern states. The purpose of this report is to selectively review the status of pine vole research from the control, biological, ecological, and behavioral aspects, and to recommend the research needed to develop effective, economical, and safe programs for controlling this problem.

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Recent Vole Research In New York's Hudson Valley, Jonathan Bart, Milo E. Richmond Feb 1978

Recent Vole Research In New York's Hudson Valley, Jonathan Bart, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

During fall, 1977, four potential chemical methods for controlling pine voles (Pitymys pinetorum) were evaluated on 12, one hectare plots in three apple orchards in the lower Hudson River valley. Each plot consisted of 45 trees. Three plots were treated with endrin, applied at the recommended rate of 1.5 lbs. per acre; two were treated with 2% technical Vacor (RH 787), applied in an unpelletized meal formulation at a rate of 60-70 gms per tree; two received 10% Vacor in an egg-sugar mix (marketed for human consumption as "Marshmallow Fluff") applied at the rate of 5-10 grams per …

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Reproductive Patterns In The Pine Vole, Margaret Horsfall Schadler Feb 1978

Reproductive Patterns In The Pine Vole, Margaret Horsfall Schadler

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Reproductive potential in the pine vole is low compared with other small rodents including other species of voles. Age of maturity is late. Males do not reach puberty before 51 days and females before 77 days. Estrus and ovulation are not spontaneous but tend to be induced by mature males. Gestation is long (24 days). Litter sizes are small (2.8 young weaned per female). Litters are produced less frequently because, although females mate and conceive within 3 days of parturition, prolonged gestation insures a minimum of 24-27 days between litters. Only dominant females in a group carry litters to term …

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Progress In Developing A Microtus Efficacy Test Method For Registration Purposes, Steve D. Palmateer Feb 1978

Progress In Developing A Microtus Efficacy Test Method For Registration Purposes, Steve D. Palmateer

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The purpose of this presentation is to document the progress that is being made in the development of a Microtus rodenticide efficacy test method. When finished the method will satisfy EPA requirements for a laboratory alternate diet bioassay. We have been working on the method for 2 to 3 years.

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Status Of Pp581 (Volak) Rodenticide Development, Dale E. Kaukeinen Feb 1978

Status Of Pp581 (Volak) Rodenticide Development, Dale E. Kaukeinen

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In the Proceedings of the first Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium (March 1977, Winchester VA), ICI was introduced and basic technical information on PP581 presented. PP581 is a second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, with the approved common chemical name of brodifacoum. The compound is also known as TALON™ in the form of 50 ppm (0.005%) grain-base pelletized bait as developed for control of commensal rodents. The proposed trade name for the orchard formulation of PP581 is VOLAK™. Brodifacoum has been seen to possess several novel characteristics in work with commensal and other rodent species, suggesting a considerable general potential for control …

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Frontmatter Feb 1978

Frontmatter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Frontmatter

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Registration List Feb 1978

Registration List

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Registration List

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