Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Winter Bird Roosts In Kentucky: An Introduction Of The Problem, Richard N. Smith

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

When the first Bowling Green Bird Control seminar was held in the early sixties, emphasis on the blackbird problem was centered in Ohio. I believe John Beck, who is here, was one of the first peoples in the State to become involved with this situation. The problem (and it was a problem related to crop damage, primarily corn) had been building for a number of years, but it wasn't until September of 1965 that it really received national recognition. During that month, at the demand of local farmers at a meeting in Vickery, Ohio, Federal, State and local officials were …

Bird Strikes And The Air Force, Portia R. Mccracken

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The first recorded bird strike accident was in 1912, when a gull got caught in an air- craft control cable. The pilot was killed in the crash. Since that first squaring-off, man and bird have been engaged in an accelerating contest in which there can be no winner. At first, birdstrikes were not really much of a problem. Aircraft were slow, and birds were able to learn to move out of their paths in time to avoid a collision. But, with the coming of the jet age, the problem began to take on more sinister proportions. At this point, birds …

Strychnine, Paul Ochs

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

I was to come here and talk to you today about the status of strychnine. Strychnine, of course, is one of the older poisons in use today; and, according to information from Fitzwater, Strychnine was known for its toxic properties as early as 1640. It was used to destroy crows, pests, stray dogs, etc. Strychnine was also used by natives of South America and Africa to dispose of neighboring tribes. This material is derived from an extract of the seeds from strychnos nux vomica and other species of the strychnos genus. The alkaloid form is only slightly soluble in boiling …

Bird Problems And Food Storage And Processing Facilities, Robert M. Russell, Robert Yeager, Fred Baur, James R. Dupre

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

For the bird control problems in the food industry I think we have a good pair to work with us. We have Bob Yeager, a pest control authority. Fred Baur is from Procter and Gamble, a great company with a long record of association with the pest control industry. Third, we have with us Jim Dupre, whose experience is with the Food and Drug Administration. And with all the government controls we've learned to expect from the government in the last few years, I think it's good for us to know that we have had a long and good record …

Redwinged Blackbird Flock Feeding Behavior In Response To Repellent Stress, M. I. Dyer

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The use of 4-Aminopyridine (Avitrol, a Phillips Petroleum trade-name, or AFCC 99, a name designated by Environmental Protection Agency) as an avian repellent when placed on agricultural crops has been reported upon (DeGrazio, et al., 1971, 1972; Stickley, et al., 1972, 1976); and its status in the United States and elsewhere has been recently reviewed (Bessek, 1976). Much more information has been collected; but unfortunately, it has not been made accessible in published form (see Besser, 1976). Thus, much of the information and opinions about this repellent material is anecdotal, and the scientific community must rely upon relatively sparse information …

Mesurol 50% Hbt For Protecting Sprouting Corn From Pheasants In Iowa And South Dakota, Jerome F. Besser, C. Edward Knittle

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The problem of pheasants (phasianus colchicus) pulling sprouting corn in the U.S. is not well understood, because objective surveys have not been conducted. However, a subjective survey by Stone and Mott (1973) indicated the problem is substantial. They estimated losses of corn in five states (IA, ID, IN, KS, and NE), where pheasants were reported as the only bird causing losses, at 7 million bushels ($17.5 million at $2.50/bu). Their survey data are reinforced by estimates that a cock pheasant is capable of consuming an amount of sprouting corn that would yield 15 bushels when mature (West 1968) and by …

Selection Of Toxic Poultry Pellets From Cattle Rations By Starlings, Richard R. West, Jerome F. Besser

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Populations of wintering Starlings(sturnus vulgaris) causing problems at cattle feedlots have been effectively reduced by broadcasting pellet baits treated with 1 % DRC-1339 (3- chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride) in their feeding areas (Besser, et al., 1967; West, et al., 1967; West, 1968). Each 1% DRC-1339 pellet (averaging 70 mg in weight) contains an amount of toxicant sufficient to be lethal to a starling (DeCino, et al., 1966). Besser, et al. (1968) estimated that starlings at cattle feedlots take about half their diet from the troughs. However, during severe winter weather, many Starlings take most of their food from troughs, and some appear …

The Need For Practical And Objective Test Protocols For Bird Damage Control Chemicals, E. W. Schafer Jr.

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The registration and reregistration process for vertebrate pesticides is difficult at best and is becoming more complicated and time consuming each year, particularly for bird-damage control chemicals. Although much of the information that is required for U.S. registrations (such as toxicology, general chemistry, and analytical methodology) is beyond our purview at this seminar, there are some areas where research and management personnel can have a favorable impact on present and future requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). I am speaking in particular of the methodology used to determine the laboratory and field efficacy of bird damage control chemicals. Because …

Protecting Uruguayan Crops From Bird Damage With Methiocarb And 4-Aminopyridine1, Carlos Calvi, Jerome F. Besser, John W. De Grazio, Donald F. Mott

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Bird damage to ripening and sprouting agricultural crops is a serious problem in many Departamentos (States) in Uruguay and a limiting factor in the production of some crops. A total of about one million hectares of wheat, corn, sunflowers, grain sorghum, rice, soybeans, barley, oats, and peanuts are grown (De Grazio and Besser, 1975). Grain sorghum and sunflower crops are damaged most seriously by birds; corn and rice, soybeans, peanuts, and fruits (such as apples and pears), to a lesser extent. Three families of birds are responsible for most of the damage: doves and pigeons, parakeets, and blackbirds. Waterfowl and …

The Good - The Bad - The Ugly - That’S Bird Control, William D. Fitzwater

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The good that most people see in birds is sometimes offset by the bad that birds do under certain situations. The ugly part comes in when misdirected emotionalism and unscientifically-based regulations interfere with effective control measures.

Nationwide Estimates Of Blackbirds And Starlings, Brooke Meanley, Willis C. Royall Jr.

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

An estimated 538 million blackbirds and Starlings are found in the United States, based on the national cooperative blackbird/Starling winter roost survey conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service during the 1974-75 winter period of December 20-February 15. Ap- proximately 74% or 398 million of these blackbirds and Starlings occurred in the Eastern States, including the tier from Minnesota to Louisiana; 26% or 139 million birds were in the West. The national roosting population in 1974-75 was composed of 11 species (Table 1) in the following approximate proportions: 38% Red-winged Blackbirds; 22% Common Grackles; 20% Starlings; 18% Brown-headed Cowbirds; …

Bird Problems In South Central United States: Still Unsolved, Robert A. Pierce

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Some of the problems that I am aware of are:

I. Grain producers

A. Rice - sprout pulling – blackbirds- damage to standing grain - blackbirds

B. Grain sorghum - sprout pulling - blackbirds and crows-damage to grain - blackbirds

C. Corn - sprout pulling - blackbirds and crows- damage to ears - blackbirds

D. Fall-seeded wheat and oats - sprout pulling - blackbirds

II. Other producers

A. Pecans - crows and blackbirds

B. Watermelons - crows

C. Livestock operations - blackbirds, Starlings, crows

III. Homeowners - woodpeckers

IV. Winter bird roosts - concentrations of blackbirds, starlings and robins with …

Starling Damage To Sprouting Wheat In Tennessee, Allen R. Stickley, Richard A. Dolbeer, Stephen B. White

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

An estimated half-billion blackbirds and Starlings have been roosting in the United States each winter for many years (Meanley and Webb, 1965). Three-fourths of these birds, primarily Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula). Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) winter in the east (lower Mississippi Valley and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean) where food and climate are apparently more attractive than in the more arid west.

In recent years, these birds have come increasingly to public notice because of appar- ent agricultural, health, aesthetic, and nuisance problems (Graham 1976). Considerable effort has been spent developing lethal …

An Overview Of Depredating Bird Damage Control In California, Dell O. Clark

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

To many people, California is synonomous with Disneyland, freeways, Los Angeles smog, Yosemite, the California missions, or for you bird aficionados, the California Condor. But do you think about California when you eat strawberry shortcake? You should -- California leads the nation in strawberry production. How about artichokes? California produces over 98% of the artichokes raised in the United States. Dates? California produces over 99% of the dates in the United States.

Yes, California is all of these, and it is much more. California may well be the most diverse state in the United States. Within its 100.2 million acres, …

Reducing A Local Population Of Starlings With Nest-Box Traps, C. E. Knittle, J. L. Guarino

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Many fruit-growing areas in the United States and Canada suffer considerable economic losses to local breeding and postbreeding Starling (sturnus vulgaris) populations. Wine grapes in California (DeHaven, 1974), cherries in Michigan (Stone, 1973), and blueberries in several states (Mott and Stone, 1973) are seriously damaged by Starlings. Since more than one method is often useful in protecting fruit crops, we conducted a study in 1974 to deter- mine the number of breeding Starlings that could be captured with a given number of nest-box traps to evaluate the potential of using this control method to minimize damage in small fruit-growing areas. …

Experimental Tree Trimming To Control An Urban Winter Blackbird Roost, Heidi B. Good, Dan M. Johnson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Every fall millions of blackbirds come down the Mississippi Flyway to return to their winter roosts in Arkansas, Louisiana, and East Texas. When these roosts are located in urban areas, public pressure makes the more common chemical means of control impractical. A less destructive and more permanent method of control was sought. At Rice University, in Houston, Texas, there has been a blackbird roost of various sizes and durations since 1956. For the past two years we have had the opportunity both to study roosting blackbird biology and experiment with habitat alteration as a control method. This particular report concentrates …

Water Current, Volume 8, No. 6, November/December 1976

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
Deadline for Submitting Annual Allotment Proposals
Matching Grants Submitted to OWRT
FAO Fellow from India
Staff Appointee from Poland
Rural Water Conference
Water Research in Nebraska
Ogallala Study Approved
Interior Signs Water Marketing Agreement with Montana
Discount Rate Set at 6 3/8%
Research Review: A Mechanism for Saving Energy and Water

Enteric Virus Survival In Package Plants And The Upgrading Of The Small Treatment Plants Using Ozone, Lois S. Cronholm, James R. Mccammon, Marvin Fleischman, Jerry R. Perrich, Valerie Reisser, William Harris, Ronald R. Vanstockum, Khosrow Jaberizadeh, Michael J. Wahl

KWRRI Research Reports

Post-chlorinated effluent collected with a portable viral concentrator from four treatment plants in Jefferson County, Kentucky, yielded infective viral particles from three plants from spring through late fall. The pH, ,chlorine, turbidity, and coliform levels of these effluents indicated that viral persistence was correlated with inefficient processing which produced effluent environments that inhibited disinfection by chlorine. The disinfection potential of ozone was tested on secondary effluent and finished water seeded with poliovirus and Esaheriahia coli. Low doses of ozone inactivated viruses and bacteria in treated water, but not in effluent. The inactivation of bacteria by ozone does not appear …

Water Law Amendments For Virginia?

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

New Uses For Wastewater

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

A Review Of The Limnology Of And Water Quality Standards For Lake Mead, Charles R. Goldman

Publications (WR)

1. The waters of Las Vegas Bay, a heavily utilized recreational resource, receive discharges from a variety of municipal and industrial waste sources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined, on the basis of numerous studies, that the present water quality violates state and federal standards and constitutes a public nuisance. Consultants have advised the Sewage and Wastewater Advisory Committee that rapid abatement of the alleged pollution conditions can be achieved by an advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) plant.

2. The major problems in Las Vegas Bay are an objectionable water color, excessive turbidity, noxious odors, and oxygen depletion in certain …

Report On Wastewater Disposal To Board Of County Commissioners, Clark County Nevada, Clair N. Sawyer

Publications (WR)

This report is concerned with the management of waste-waters and subsurface drainage from the City of Las Vegas and its environs and the BMI complex, all in Clark County, Nevada. The prime objective is to recommend a plan of action which will utilize the natural resources of the area in the least costly manner and still protect Lake Mead for recreational purposes and use as a public water supply, At this writing, conditions in the upper Las Vegas arm of Boulder Basin are quite unsatisfactory for some recreational purposes due to the extensive blooms of algae which develop. Experience at …

Water Quality 1975 Hillsborough County, Florida, A. J. Shaw, C. Dunn, T. Cardinale, R. Powell, R. Wilkins

Reports

No abstract provided.

Current Status Report: Pigeon Control, C. Doug Mampe

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

My topic is Pigeon control; and because most of you have had some bird control experience, I'm not going to review all the basic concepts that are associated with bird control today. Rather I will skim over them lightly and then tell you how we organize most of our Pigeon control programs, recognizing that that's one approach and that some situations require much different approaches. Some of the things that apply to Pigeon control may apply to other types of bird control, but some are unique. When we get called on a Pigeon control job, the first thing we attempt …

The Arbovirus Surveillance And Control Program In Ohio, 1975 – 76, M. A. Parsons

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In 1975 Ohio experienced the largest epidemic of mosquito-borne encephalitis in its history. Four hundred and sixty-eight human cases (416 St. Louis [SLE] and 52 California [CE] occurred with 30 fatalities; one death was due to CE. The entire United States was hard hit (Illinois, 475; Indiana, 297; Mississippi, 210; Michigan, 20; Tennessee, 91; 30 others, 550 ) with 1816 SLE, 160 CE, 133, Western, and 3 Eastern encephalitis cases causing 150 fatalities. The cycle of mosquito-borne encephalitis in nature progresses as follows: A mosquito infected with virus feeds on a non-infected animal, such as a bird in the case …

Wetting As A Means Of Bird Control, Sheldon Lustick

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

That birds are homeotherms is demonstrated by their ability to maintain a relatively constant body temperature over a wide range of ambient temperatures. An important com- ponent of this ability to maintain a constant body temperature in a cold environment is the feather layer. Birds have been shown to acclimate to cold by increasing their plum- age 20-30 percent and, hence, increasing their insulation (Kendeigh, 1934; Scholander, et al., 1950; West, 1962). Hutchinson (1954) states that oil secreted by uropygial (preen) glands maintains the ability of the feathers to shed water and, therefore, aids in maintaining the insulating layer. Since …

Press Reports, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Computer Sheets, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

Lower Androscoggin River, Walter A. Lawrance

Walter Lawrance Papers

No abstract provided.

State Of The Art Of Technology For Rural Water System Development, R. T. Alguire, Joe F. Nix, H. C. Macdonald, Robert E. Babcock

Technical Reports

The objective of this study was to review the current state of the art in rural water system technology. This was to be accomplished by a literature review of the Water Resources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC), National Technical Information Service (NTIS), and Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE). This literature search was to be augmented by interviews with consulting engineers, operating system managers and industrial literature. Both groundwater and surface water technology was to be reviewed. The technology was then to be grouped into four classes: (1) current technology, (2) technology which has been developed, but not currently being used, (3) …