Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Fomes Annosus In Giant Sequoia, Douglas D. Piirto, John R. Parmeter Jr., F. W. Cobb Jr.

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Pinniped Populations At Islas Ae Guadalupe, San Benito, Cedros, And Natividad, Baja California, In 1968, Robert L. Brownell Jr., Robert L. Delong, Ralph W. Schreibe

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

In April and June 1968, the Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program (POBSP) of the Smithsonian Institution conducted surveys on breeding marine birds and pinnipeds on various Mexican islands. Between 18 to 26 April and 21 to 29 June, pinniped populations were surveyed at Islas de Guadalupe, San Benito, Cedros, and Natividad off Baja California. Species observed were the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi, harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, and northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris

Nutrition Of Sheep Grazing Foothill Big Game Range In Spring, Kurt J. Kotter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Sheep with esophageal fistulas were used to determine the daily intake, nutritive content and digestibility of forage at three periods and two stocking intensities during the spring of 1972 on a typical foothill range in northern Utah.

Heavy grazing under a season-long regime did not influence the concentrations of dietary chemical components when compared to moderate grazing; however, it did depress the digestibility of cellulose and organic matter. There was a significant decline in the dietary chemical components due to forage maturation. Digestibility of organic matter and cellulose were significantly higher in the early spring as compared to late spring. …

The Dynamics Of Root Growth And The Partitioning Of Photosynthates In Cool Desert Shrubs, Osvaldo Alberto Fernandez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study addresses the nature of physiological and phenological evolutionary strategies of root growth dynamics and energy allocation followed by Atriplex confertifolia, Ceratoides lanata, and Artemisia tridentata growing in their natural cool desert environment.

Root observation chambers with inclined Plexiglass windows were installed in monospecific desert communities of Atriplex confertifolia, Ceratoides lanata and Artemisia tridentata. Soil temperature and water potential measurements taken immediately adjacent to the observation windows indicated a minimal disturbance was caused by the presence of these chambers. For the three species initiation of root growth was observed before initiation of shoot activity, furthermore, active root growth extended …

An Evaluation Of In-Stream Structures Designed To Provide Fish Habitat, Charles H. Call Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In-stream concrete structures were studied through model tests and river tests. The model studies indicated that four designs provided good habitat in the model stream. These structures were the inverted weir, the "V" structure, the slab with legs and the cylinder. Through the river studies it was determined that these structures did not influence enough of the total river area to be effective in providing good fish habitat. Also an appreciable amount of yearly maintenance would be required to free the structures from silting in, debris, and vandalism. The slab with legs was the only promising structure.

Microfossils From The Upper Severy Shale (Pennsylvanian) Near Dubois, Nebraska, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Organic rich limestone nodules within the Severy Shale Formation collected directly above the Nodaway Coal Member near DuBois, Nebraska, have yielded a rich microflora and microfauna. The microflora includes Triletes megaspores, seeds, cuticle, and pieces of wood with well preserved structures. The microfaunal skeletal material is either partially or completely replaced by pyrite, marcasite, or, in rare cases, by sphalerite. The following major invertebrate groups and genera within these groups have been identified to date: Bryozoa (one undetermined genus); Brachiopoda (Juresania) ; Gastropoda (four undetermined genera); Ammonoidea (one undetermined genus); Ostracoda (Amphissites, Coryellites, Hollinella, Macrocypris); Echinoidea (five spine types); and …

The Energy Future: An Unanswered Question, Jeffrey A. Carver

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of the following paper is to examine broadly some of the implications of the energy shortage, in terms of the following: the new kinds of technology being developed to tap alternative energy sources; the relationship between the energy shortage and the soon-to-be-felt shortages of other resources; possible effects of the energy shortage upon efforts to protect the environment; and social implications of the inevitable limitation to economic and population growth, at least on this planet. The paper is presented in two parts. The first will be a brief discussion of the major elements of the problem and a …

Seed Reserves In Desert Soils, David W. Goodall, Suzanne J. Morgan

Memorandum

Soil and litter samples were collected from the playa, playa fringe and bajada zones of the Jornada Validation Site. These samples were analyzed for their seed content, special attention being paid to spatial distribution. At the time of sampling, there was little litter on the soil surface, and the litter contained only a small proportion of the total seeds present.

A Study Of The Radiation Quality Under Plant Canopies In The Wave Range 0.4 To 2.5 Microns, Nolasco G. Baldazo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The spectral distribution of the global radiation from 0.4 to 2.5 microns penetrating deciduous and coniferous canopies were measured during clear days between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. using a double-quartz monochromator.

In the visible region (0.4 to 0.7 micron) the average relative spectral transmissions under both canopies are about one percent beginning at 0.4 micron and decreasing to about half a percent at 0.67 micron. There is only a small peak in the green (0.55 micron) transmission under deciduous stands while there is none under coniferous canopies. The slightly higher transmission in the blue (0.4 micron) is attributed to …

International Regulation Of Marine Pollution From Land-Based Sources, Richard Tucker Scully

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Most of the waste products of human society end up in the oceans and the number and quantities of pollutants entering the oceans have been increasing at exponential rates. Recognition of these trends has resulted in expansion of international environmental attention to include sources of marine pollution other than vessels. Source, in this sense, refers to the pathway through which pollutants reach the sea. Land-based sources accounts for the vast bulk of the pollutants reaching the oceans. Effective protection of the marine environment, therefore, must include regulation of land-based sources of marine pollution.

Very Large Crude Carriers (Vlccs) And Rules Of The Road For The Prevention Of Collisions, Charles F. Ake

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A discussion of tanker ship development from the World War II T-2 to the million ton "Delta Ship" concept and an analysis of present and proposed Rules of the Road as they apply to VLCCs.The advantages of size, design characteristics, crew size and automation, propulsion systems and shiphandling characteristics are discussed in general comparitive terms. Projections show tremendous increase not only in the size of tank ships, but also in the size of the world's tanker fleet - approaching 5,000 vessels in the next ten years or so. The increasing size of crude oil carriers and their immense pollution potential …

The Tanker And Ocean Oil Pollution, Raymond Coombs

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is now clear that the capacity of the oceans to accept some of the by-products of civilization is limited. The oceans can no longer be the world's sink, it we are to maintain the ecological viability of the biosphere. The dangers of the present situation are compounded by the difficulties in defining "marine pollution." Today's concern with pollution and its effects upon our way of life requires that the impact of ships on the marine environment be considered in order to minimize the risk that waterborne cargoes, particularly petroleum products, present to the ecology.

The Dilemma Of Deep Ocean Mining, Paul W. Dillingham Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Mineral substances and materials derived from them, whether in the form of fuels, construction materials, metals for farbication, tools, chemicals, or fertilizers, are the foundation of our technological civilization. The modern industrial civilization depends upon the continued availability of mineral raw materials. The problem is not one of actual scarcity ; the raw materials are there in the ground and in the sea in great supply. The question and the uncertainty is economic; How will these resources be recovered and by whom? This proposition becomes the central force in order to adjust to the new resources climate.

The Two Hundred Mile Economic Zone And Scientific Research, Peter R. Latham

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Knowledge of the deep ocean floor; continental shelves and margins is basic to many present and future uses of the sea. Such uses include mineral extraction, navigation of surface and subsurface vehicles, construction of structures on the sea bottom and along the margin, and exploitation of living resources of the shelf and of the water column. Uses of the ocean are directly impinged upon by technological changes resulting from research efforts. Applied science is nowhere more visible than in current development of offshore petroleum sources, development of new fisheries and speculation over possibilities for wealth awaiting mankind on the sea …

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 4, April 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
1974 Summer Institute
National Commission on Water Quality Announces Study Plans
Maximum Water Resources Development Urged
Department for Natural Resources Nixed in Favor of Short-Term Measures
Controversy Reigns Over Project Discount Rate
EDF Questions Flood Control Projects
Research Review: Practical Treatment of Feedlot Runoff

The Effects Of Dwarf Mistletoe On The Wood Properties Of Lodgepole Pine, Douglas D. Piirto, Donald L. Crews, Harry E. Troxell

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

The effects of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex. Engelm.) on the wood properties of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) were studied. The results indicate: a decline in modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and work to proportional limit in both infected and noninfected wood from the infected trees; a higher specific gravity of the infected wood; a higher percentage of alcohol-benzene extractives in the infected wood; an increase in longitudinal shrinkage in both infected and noninfected wood from the same tree; a lower percentage of latewood in wood from infected trees; no significant difference in growth ring …

Finitely Generated Modules Over Bezout Ringsrwiegand@Unl.Edu, Roger Wiegand, Sylvia Wiegand

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Let R be a Bezout ring (a commutative ring in which all finitely generated ideals are principal), and let M be a finitely generated R -module. We will study questions of the following sort: (A) If every localization of M can be generated by n elements, can M itself be generated by n elements? (B) If M 0 R m = Rn for some m, n, is Af necessarily free? (C) If every localization of M has an element with zero annihilator, does M itself have such an element? We will answer these and related questions for various familiar classes …

Distribution Of Trace Metals In A Warm Water Release Impoundment, J. Nix

Technical Reports

A water quality study of the DeGray Reservoir, Arkansas, was conducted beginning immediately following the beginning of impoundment through the first year in which the reservoir was operated near normal pool elevation. DeGray Reservoir is the first major dam in Arkansas to be equipped with upper level release capabilities. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity were measured in situ at stations located over the old river channel. Samples were taken from selected levels within the water column at each station and analyzed for the following parameters: pH, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, alkalinity, COD, iron, manganese, copper, …

A Localized Epizootic Of Trichomoniasis In Mourning Doves, Ellis Greiner, William Baxter

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

Trichomonas gallinae was present in 47% (57/121) of adult, 41% (7/17) of juvenile, and 29% (2/7) of nestling mourning doves (Zenaida ,nacroura) from Lincoln, Nebraska. Throat lesions were present in 5.9% (43/724) of the mourning doves trapped for banding. Two of four pigeons (Columba livia) possessed T. gallinae, but none contained throat lesions.

Waste Disposal In The Waters Of The New York Bight: The Genesis Of A Dead Sea, Edward J. Linky

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper is composed of four chapters. Chapter I will seek to delineate the scope of the paper and acquaint the reader with recent activity concerning pollution in the Bight. Chapter II will focus exclusively on scientific data gathered to date, about the effects of pollution on marine ecosystems. Chapter II will consider legal aspects of the problem, including relevant legislation, standing and other remedies which would be available to individuals or groups seeking to ultimately halt all ocean dumping in the area. Chapter IV will consist of conclusions to be drawn from this study.

The Use Of Color Infrared Aerial Photography In Determining Salt Marsh Vegetation And Delimiting Man-Made Structures Of Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia, Robert E. Holman Lll

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Color infrared aerial photography was found to be superior to color aerial photography in an ecological study of Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia. The research was divided into three phases: 1) determination of the feasibility of correlating color infrared aerial photography with wetland species composition and zonation patterns, 2) determination of the accuracy of the aerial interpretation and problems related to the aerial method used, and 3) comparison of developed with undeveloped areas along Lynnhaven Bay's shoreline.

Wetland species composition and zonation patterns of major cones were correlated with aerial infrared photography and resulted in a high degree of accuracy. Problems with …

Studies On The Causes Of Tree Distribution In A Forest Type In The Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Thomas A. Janszen

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Vegetational composition and environmental parameters were analyzed in a forest type of the Dismal Swamp. A 0.5 ha forest stand was divided into 200 5 x 5 meter contiguous quadrats and the tree size classes were precisely mapped. Fifty soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH, and major nutrients. A topographic map was constructed with precision to 0.01 ft. Analysis of variance tests showed non-randomness to exist in soil texture and nutrient content while homogeneity tests showed non-randomness in distribution of some woody species. Factor analysis indicated no significant correlations between soil quality, topography, and woody species. Findings indicate that …

An Ecological Study Of The Craney Island Disposal Area In Hampton Roads, Virginia, David Wallace Laist

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A one year ecological study was conducted on the Craney Island Disposal Area in Hampton Roads, Virginia. This study attempted to identify the flora and fauna inhabiting the spoil deposits and trace the development of communities from the time of deposition through the initial stages of succession.

One hundred and ninety-two species were identified including 48 vascular plants, 66 insects, 48 birds, 18 species of algae, 4 crustaceans, and 8 vertebrates. The study area was divided into six zones based on substrate characteristics and species composition. The successional patterns and biotic interactions within each zone were discussed.

Observations On The Distribution And Composition Of Zooplankton In Portions Of The Intracoastal Waterway, Virginia, O. Clair Hillard Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Five stations were established in the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, the Dismal Swamp Canal, the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal and the North Landing River. Representative samples of zooplankton were taken from October 1971 to June 1972. A. total of 57 species were identified and discussions regarding seasonal distribution in relation to physical factors and circulation are presented.

The composition of the zooplankton was found to fluctuate greatly due to the variables characteristic of the study area. The combined effect of tidal flow with freshwater input in conjunction with drainage from the Great Dismal Swamp, results in isolated populations …

Oyster Spatfall On Shellstrings In Virginia Rivers: 1973 Annual Summary, Dexter S. Haven, Paul C. Kendall

Reports

Although oyster setting levels in most Virginia river systems are still far below trose whicb commonly occurred prior to 1960, the 1973 season marked an improvement over the previous year when Tropical Storm Agnes raged througb the Chesapeake Bay region, creating adverse environmental conditions which were largely responsible_ for the_ lowest s},tting levels on record, Data for 1972,

Ua77/1 Western Alumnus, Vol. 43, No. 4, Wku Alumni Association

WKU Administration Documents

WKU alumni magazine. Features the following articles:

• Conway, Sheila. Competency Based Teacher Education
• Scarborough, John. Enthusiasm & Planning, Powerful One-Two Punch for Education
• Burkeen, Emmett. Counselor Education, A Study in Development
• Stuart, Robert. The Stage is His Classroom - Bill Leonard
• Just, Paul. Remember When, 1955-56
• Conway, Sheila. Women's Athletics Return
• Armstrong, Don. Biology for Real - Tech Aqua Biological Station
• Goldwater, Barry. On the Energy Crisis
• Porter, William. Third World Realities
• Muskie, Edmund. Restoring Our Confidence
• Dickey, Debbie. The Big Red Western Band
• Given, Ed. Instant Alumni
• Topper Power Carries WKU to National Finals - Football
• Jimmy Feix, Coach …

A Review Of Coyote Control Research, Donald S. Balser

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Research on coyote control has lagged behind operational control for several decades. With the current controversy over toxicants and control of coyotes, attention has suddenly been given to the research needs of the problem. In the past research on annual damage problems, particularly predators, was concentrated on coming up with new lethal methods. The picture has changed with a definite need to study the entire problem, including the measurement of losses, the ecology of predators and prey, their behavior, and means of solving loss problems by non-lethal methods or mechanical protection. In any lethal control research, selectivity must be emphasized. …

Pest Management In Relation To Human Health, Allan M. Barnes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Vector-borne disease prevention and control strategies, aside from those associated with domestic rodents, have rarely involved management of vertebrate populations, even though in many cases such management would appear to represent the most effective and economical long-term approach. Prevention of a long list of arthropod transmitted diseases is often at best a stop-gap procedure undertaken only after substantial disease hazard is detected in reservoir populations. More often, control actions await the detection of human cases, at which time short-term emergency control measures may be conducted, usually involving the use of toxicants against arthropod vectors and occasionally vertebrate reservoirs. In some …

Modelling For Research On Chemical Control Of Mammals In New Zealand, C.L. Batcheler, J. Bell

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Development of predictive formulae or qualitative statements about the probable outcome of control campaigns entails knowledge of bait quality and distribution, behavior, vagaries of weather at the time of the control campaign, and other factors which govern the probability that the target animals will accept bait.

This paper collates experience in recognizing, estimating and using some of these variables for predicting the outcome of large-scale poisoning, and discusses possible approaches to the solution of some hard-core problems.

An Overview Of Astm's Activities In Establishing Standards For Vertebrate Pest Control Materials, John R. Beck

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The new FEPCA legislation under which a l l of us now operate, changes the format and program of pesticide registration and use in the United States. One of the events immediately proceeding this law was the establishment of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and the necessity for that new agency to develop guidelines and standards for the registration and use of pesticides.

Early in 1973, a large number of persons associated with one or more areas of pesticides, and representing the academic world, consumers, and producing companies, assembled in Philadelphia to discuss with the American Society for Testing …