Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Rodent Control Activities When Direct Seeding Forest Lands In Northern California, Peter C. Passof

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The author reviews the changing use of rodenticides for deer mouse control over the past decade. He summarizes the operational procedures associated with direct seeding of forest lands by helicopter and the related practices of forest rodent control as they exist in the north coastal region of California. A description of the various field studies on Peromyscus baits and seed repellents presented to indicate the extent of local research activity in this increasingly important area of forest regeneration.

Alpha-Naphthylthiourea As A Conditioning Repellent For Protecting Conifer Seed, Peter C. Passof, Rex E. Marsh, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The object of this study was to find an alternative rodent repellent to take the place of endrin when direct seeding to regenerate coniferous forests. Compounds with aversive conditioning repellent attributes were screened. Even though still falling far short of endrin, which also acts as a lethal rodenticide, alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) treated seed produced about twice as many seedlings as did the untreated seed. Both the laboratory and field evaluation procedures and results are discussed. It is hoped that with more research the efficacy of ANTU as a seed protectant can be further improved. The compound is much too promising to …

Feral Hogs-Boon Or Burden, Daniel C. Pattern

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Feral hogs (Sus scrofa L. ) have long been considered a pest by most land managers because of the potential range and pasture damage that can result from their feeding habits. In recent years however, second only to deer, feral hogs have become the most sought after big game animal in California. Their great reproductive capacity coupled with the ruggedness of their preferred habitat has allowed the California State Fish and Game Department to set liberal seasons and bag limits. The freedom to work within the states liberal framework has prompted some private land managers to look at controlled …

A New Series Of Selective Rodenticides, David L. Peardon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

A new series of target-specific, single-dose rodenticides has been discovered by Rohm and Haas Company (Peardon, 1972; Peardon et al., 1972). One compound, RH-787, best exemplifies the balance of desirable qualities of a good rodenticide. It is effective against a broad spectrum of pest rodents, has a desirable margin of safety in non-target animals, is well accepted in baits, causes no secondary hazard problems and is effective against "Warfarin-resistant" (anticoagulant-resistant) rats. This material will become commercially available upon receipt of registration from the EPA.

Urbanized Wildlife, Robert L. Pope

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Man with his continual movement and his need to construct has devastated the wilderness. Provided with man's year-round lush vegetation, his sheltered and protected area, wildlife has adapted to urbanization.

Urbanized wildlife is not always tolerated by man. Management of vertebrate pests in urban areas is specialized. Toxic baits or hazardous techniques are avoided to prevent exposure to people, pets, and other non-targets. Birds, as woodpeckers, crows, and hawks, which are urbanized wildlife in wooden and other structures of parks, residences, and airports, can be controlled by wire screens, topping trees, or removing their food source. Rodents, as rabbits and …

Small Mammal Census And Control On A Hardwood Plantation, Andrew Radvanyi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

For centuries, Man has been at conflict with and has suffered untold crop losses to ubiquitous small mammals. Such losses may range from unnoticed removal of vegetation in hay and grain fields to 95-99 percent losses in unprotected orchards or forest plantations. A most dramatic and conspicuous type of damage occurs where large numbers of meadow voles cause excessive tree girdling damage to a wide variety of plantation grown trees.

Surveys of small mammal populations carried out on a hardwood plantation in southern Ontario during 1971-72-73 indicated the magnitude of the rodent problem. Control measures using broadcasting of anticoagulant-treated grain …

Emergency Rabid Skunk Control In Montana, Kenneth Seyler, Carter Niemeyer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

A maximum of 500 strychnine eggs were placed in designated skunk habitat within a three mile radius where rabid skunks were diagnosed as an emergency control method to reduce or prevent the spread of rabies in striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) populations in Northeastern Montana. The effects of strychnine on skunk and other non-target species populations were evaluated. When placed in primary skunk habitat, the toxicant eggs were selective in removing striped skunks. Scent post surveys indicated that skunk populations were reduced, while non-target species populations remained stable or increased in control areas. The effects of the toxicant egg …

The Role Of F.A.O. In Vertebrate Pest Problems, H.R. Shuyler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Since 1947, when FAO began its involvement in vertebrate pest problems, its role has gradually expanded. Through short-term Consultants, Experts, Regional and Headquarters Officers, it advises Member Countries about vertebrate pest control needs and opportunities, fulfills requests for assistance suggesting needed modifications, and guides and reports on assistance rendered. Assistance may involve one or more international specialists for a few weeks up to national and regional projects of several years' duration. In cooperation with WHO it sponsors meetings of specialists, develops rodenticide specifications for international commerce, and has published rodent bibliographies covering 1950 to 1969.

Trapping: A Continuous Integral Part Of A Rodent Control Programme, H.R. Shuyler, R.F. Sun Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Trapping is usually considered a rodent control technique of minor importance. Due to the economic situation in the Dumaguete, Philippines program from which this report is drawn, regular trapping was a biological necessity. Four species of rodents and a shrew were of concern. A continuing daily trapping program was developed from a field study of trap bait acceptability. Trap baits were reused every 23 days. Alternate baits were selected. Trap usage techniques were designed to optimize the results. Trap-bait shyness and trap shyness effects were observed but were not a major problem.

Closing Remarks–Sixth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

On behalf of the California Vertebrate Pest Committee I would like to thank you for the interest and attention that you have shown throughout this Conference.

It is the participation of those interested in vertebrate pest control that make for the success or failure of our Conference.

We have had participation during this Conference from people from ten foreign countries and twenty-seven states.

Animal Damage Control Research–"Are Present Priorities Based On Actual Need?", Richard N. Smith

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Priorities regarding Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife vertebrate damage control research are in most cases based on actual need. Need is influenced by economic, political, legislative, and biological incentives. These incentives affect private industry, state and local governments, academia, and the federal government but in different ways. The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has 24 percent of its wildlife research budget invested in vertebrate damage control research. Its programs deal with predators, birds, and small mammals and research programs are problem oriented. Priorities are generally developed within the organization and are usually determined by biological need.

Environmental Impact Statements, Gordon F. Snow

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) became law January 1, 1970, while the California Environmental Quality Act was adopted on September 18 of the same year. NEPA established specific action-forcing procedures for implementing the policy; created the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQA); fostered development of indices of environmental quality ; and provided for an annual CEQA report of progress. Section 102(2)(C) is the most renowned portion of NEPA. It requires the preparation of detailed written statements of environmental impacts, including alternative actions and their impacts. Section 102(2)(A) requires federal agencies to implement the integrated use of natural and …

Experiments With Sounds In Repelling Mammals, John L. Stewart

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Since its introduction for use in repelling birds , a number of people have found that Av-Alarm is effective for control of certain mammals. This includes not only those familiar to North Americans (deer, elk , coyotes), but also various less familiar species, even anthropoids (baboons) and bats. A number of example cases are described. A concept theory is presented in order to explain why certain sounds are more effective than others, and why sounds originally meant for bird control are also effective with mammals. The theory helps to predict untested situations , and also suggests when complex repelling sounds …

A Safe Approach To Natural Home Ranges, As Applied To The Solution Of Edge Effect Subjects, Using Capture-Recapture Data In Vole Populations, Ryo Tanaka

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Capture-recapture work was performed in 1970 and 1971 with Microtus montebelli seeking to disclose the edge effect subjects. For the purpose, in principle, it is needful for us to approach the reality of home range in size and shape. As the result of these studies, it has been established that the method using observed range length and width is highly available for searching after natural ranges and that the natural range of the voles (Microtus and Clethrionomys) is ordinarily on the order of 0.05 for females and of 0.10 for males in acres and generally oblong in shape such as …

Feral Burros And Wildlife, Richard A. Weaver

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Feral burro have caused devastating damage to the vegetation and soil which has resulted in a deterioration of the entire biota. Wildlife numbers have declined where there is competition with burro for food, water or space.

The Department of Fish and Game made a burro survey in conjunction with bighorn investigations. There are an estimated 3,400 free-roaming wild burro in California. They are found in 7 of the 14 bighorn study areas and have caused problems in each of these areas.

Recent Changes In Federal Bird Control, Gene H. Wilson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Probably the most significant changes in U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service legislation that might have an effect on those engaged in animal control work would have to do with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 recently amended, and one piece of proposed legislation which I'll mention at closing.

In March 1972, an amendment to our treaty with Mexico became effective. And more recent, the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 had a section added to it having to do with airborne hunting.

About two years ago, the amendment to the Mexican treaty added …

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 3, March 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
Water Resources Seminar Series
1974 Summer Institute
Administration Water Budget - FY 1975
Bureau of Reclamation
Office of Water Resources Research
Office of Saline Water
Water Resources Council
Commisson on Water Quality
US Geological Survey
Stream Channelization Critiicized
Investments in Transportation
Cloud Seeding Impacts Researched
$7 Billion Proposed for Environmental Programs
WRC Issues New Guidelines
Research Review: Biological Control of Blue-Green Algae

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 6, No.1. March 1974

The Prairie Naturalist

AVIAN MORTALITY FROM COLLISIONS WITH OVERHEAD WIRES IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ G. L. Krapu

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE OLIVE-BACKED POCKET MOUSE PEROGNATHUS FASCIATUS ON THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS ▪ J. E. Pefaur & R. S. Hoffman

NOTE: Swans Resting on the Surface of A Dry Lake ▪ D. S. Gilmer

Seasonal Changes In Water Quality And Primary Productivity In Doe Valley Lake, Edmond J. Bacon, Stuart E. Neff

KWRRI Research Reports

Primary productivity and water quality were studied in Doe Valley Lake, a 147-hectare impoundment on Doe Run, a spring-fed stream in Meade County, Kentucky, from 13 June 1969 to 31 July 1972. Doe Valley Lake is monomictic during most winter seasons, but it is dimictic during more severe winters because of its morphometry and location on the borderline climatic region for dimictic lakes (37° N latitude). Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion is severe, and anaerobic conditions usually prevail by late June. A hypolimnetic areal deficit of 0.038 mg/cm²/day was calculated. Supersaturation of oxygen in the epilimnion was common, …

Water Resources News, Volume 6, No. 2, February 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
1974 Summer Institute
NWRRI Research Seminar
Water Resources Seminar Series
Future Water Use - Coal vs. Irrigation
Yellowstone River Basin Study Proposed
EPA Increases Tuition Fees
Changing Attitudes in the Corps
Social Effects of Public Works Projects
Water Programs Reorganized, Replaced and Removed
WRC's 6-7/8% Rate May Be Reduced
Cost Sharing Receives a Back Seat
Research Review: Digital Simulation of Conjunctive-Use Irrigation in Dawson County, Nebraska

Development Of Prediction Relationships For Water Requirements With Irrigation Cooling, Billy J. Barfield, John N. Walker, F. A. Payne

KWRRI Research Reports

A model for predicting leaf temperatures during an off-on mist cycle is presented. The model uses a combination of energy budget and aerodynamic techniques. The model was tested for dry leaf temperature and evapotranspiration predictions using average hourly data from Arizona. The accuracy was good. It was also tested for dry leaf temperature predictions using two to three minute data with a widely varying net radiation. When reasonable values of stomatal resistance were used, the agreement was again good.

The model was tested for prediction of wet leaf temperature prediction with a ten minute on, fifty minute off mist irrigation …

B707: Analysis Of Waste Disposal Problems Related To Maine Poultry Processing Plants, F. Richard King, Forest M. French

Bulletins

This study analyzed waste disposal problems related to Maine poultry processing plants. The problems of the Maine plants are quite typical of those found in the industry outside Maine. Two exceptions to this generality are amount of water used and cost of replacement and operation of the treatment facility. Maine plants appear to use more water than plants located in competing areas but they are of larger average size and have access to municipal water supplies and therefore are not particularly disadvantaged.

Pheasant Management Recommendations, William L. Baxter

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

Information on the life history and ecology of the ring-necked pheasant was collected on two, nine-square-mile study areas in Clay County, Nebraska, from 1954 through 1964. The study was designed to provide basic data that would allow scientifically based management decisions to be made for the maintenance and enhancement of ring-neck populations.

Findings indicate certain steps should be taken to improve pheasant populations on state-owned or controlled lands, as well as recommendations to improve habitat for pheasant populations on land not controlled by the Game Commission, These secondary proposals have statewide ramifications and offer potential for significantly improving pheasant populations …

Deepwater Ports, Ronald Joel Calhoun

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper is designed to provide an overview of the oil energy import problem and an analysis in a case study format of the various deepwater port alternatives for direct shipment and transshipment of foreign crude oil. This work was initiated prior to the recent expanded energy crisis and although touches on the problems of dependency of the United States to foreign crude oil, the various alternative sources of energy, the essence of this paper is an analysis of the various deepwater port considerations for the direct or indirect importation of foreign crude oil; specifically along the Gulf Coast.

Water Resources News, Volume 6, No. 1, January 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
1974 Summer Institute
Water Resources Seminar Series
Energy Conference Proceedings Available
Feedlots Pollute Western Water
Geothermal Energy Dangerous
Water Funds on Ice
Insurance Sales Up But Not Final
REAP Funds May Freeze
River Moratorium Continued
Do-It-Yourself Dam Plan Approved
Environment and Energy Headed in Same Direction
Pavement with Ready-Made Holes
Research Review: Biophysical Control of Water Loss

Habitat Management Series For Unique Or Endagered Species: Burrowing Owl, Mark Zarn

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

The objective of this report is to provide BIM personnel with the latest and most up-to-date information on rare or endangered species occurring on the public domain. This will provide a tool for improved understanding of the interrelationships between the species and its environment and encourage an end product of enlightened land management which will fully consider the species welfare in all management decisions.

How To Build Marine Artificial Reefs, R. O. Parker Jr., R. B. Stone, C. C. Buchanan, F. W. Steimle Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Artificial reefs provide or improve rough bottom habitat and offer fishery scientists and administrators an effective technique to conserve and develop coastal fishery resources. With careful planning and organized efforts, local reef committees can build reefs to improve fishing and contribute to the recreational and financial growth of coastal communities. Advice and procedures are presented for: 1) selecting construction materials, 2) determining a suitable reef site, 3) obtaining permits, 4) buoying the reef, and 5) preparing, transporting, and placing reef-building materials. Included in appendixes are instructions for preparing permits, addresses of Federal and State agencies involved in approving or funding …

Prostaglandins From Plexaura Homomalla: Ecology, Utilization And Conservation Of A Major Medical Marine Resource. A Symposium, Frederick M. Bayer, Alfred J. Weinheimer

Studies in Tropical Oceanography

No abstract provided.

Medio Ambiente 1974, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Agua, Vida Y Sociedad Moderna, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.