Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Bird Control Under A State Fish And Game Permit System, James Shepard

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

I guess the impetus for laws in our state, really was the action of the city of Boston in 1963, when the Parks and Recreation Department felt that it was time to do something about massive populations of pigeons on the Boston Commons and in the city. The Parks Department came to our agency to find out what could be done. We immediately found as a result of a reorganization and recodification of the laws some 20 years before, that it was illegal to use or apply poisons for the purpose of killing any birds or mammals in the Commonwealth …

Use Of Strychnine Treated Grain For Industrial Pigeon Control, Joseph Watkins

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The pest bird involved in nearly 100% of our jobs has been the pigeon. We don't do killing in residential areas, nor have we done killing in downtown areas. All of our work has been confined to industrial plants and commercial buildings where strychnine, and we have used other methods that can kill the birds. In these plants we have had some problems with industrial or labor re-lations. These have been coped with by working with the union, with the labor relation people, and as high up as purchasing level. First of all we think that with strychnine if we …

Orchard Bird Control With Decoy Traps, Bill Shake

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

crops. With one method, we tried to see if we could reduce redwinged blackbird damage to corn. We put up the larger traps-25 x 50 or 50 x 100 feet-near corn fields that were being heavily hit or next to marshes where birds are roosting. Although we captured thousands of birds and destroyed them, we were working with such large numbers of birds that we found it was actually like pouring sand effect at all in reducing damage to corn. Also it's not an efficient method in this type of a situation; it takes a lot of time to tend …

Roost Treatments Using 3-Chloro P-Toluidine Hydrochloride, Robert Schwab

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Pest birds cause serious damage to agricultural crops in most situations only when the number of individuals is very high. Often, large populations of avian pest species spend the hours of darkness congregated in roosts where they become vulnerable to certain control methods. Such is the case in California where certain pest species, particularity starlings and blackbirds, can often be found roosting in cattail-tule marshes. From these relatively concentrated populations the birds disperse to cause in some, but not all, cases of serious damage to certain agricultural crops. The obvious disadvantage resulting from the tendency of these birds to concentrate …

Pest Birds And Modern Architecture, Michael W. Fall, David E. Schneider

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

We are offering some remarks on what the entomologist would call the areas of cultural control. Our interest in this approach developed out of a series of information discussions we've had concerning regional planning pro-grams at Penn State. Our ideas on the applications of this to bird management are not well developed; we'd be happy to hear your suggestions and comments. The ideas of cultural control are not new and are only one of many approaches. But perhaps we are reaching a stage of public concern about bird problems and about environmental contamination which make the climate for long range …

Bird Movements In Relation To Control, Joseph L. Guarino

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Ecological studies are being carried out by Denver Wildlife Research Center personnel on starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and blackbirds as part of a research program to alleviate damage by these species. The objectives are to determine the breeding and wintering areas, migratory routes, local movement patterns, and turnover rates of problem populations. Knowledge about the movement of problem birds is essential for determining those points in their daily and seasonal movement cycles where they are likely to be more vulnerable to control. Banding and marking programs are presently the primary means of gathering movement data. Since 1960, Denver personnel and cooperators …

Registered Participants: Fourth Bird Control Seminar, 1968

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Names & addresses of 82 participants.

Keep your city clean: Eat a Pigeon

Birds, Encephalitis, And Ectoparasites, Margaret A. Parsons

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Encephalitis or "inflammation of the brain" is a general term applied to a disorder which may have many causes. Usually this disorder is caused by a virus but it may also be produced by other types of micro-organisms. Encephalitis may also occur after an initial infection with mumps, measles and other childhood diseases, or following a vaccination, or as a result of a non-infectious process such as poisoning. Since encephalitis affects the brain, which in turn controls all body functions, encephalitis from any cause can show symptoms of general illness throughout the body such as headache, nausea and vomiting, fever, …

The Role Of Fda In Environmental Contamination And Surveillance , Clifford Shane

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The Food & Drug Administration is concerned about birds in two areas. One is the direct contamination of foods, drugs and cosmetics by birds and the other is the possible contamination of these products by the chemicals used to control birds. Since its conception, the Food & Drug Administration has been concerned about the contamination of foodstuffs by birds. Like all animals, they have both their good and bad points. The one bad point is that they are carriers of certain diseases. In addition, the consumer of today is not ready to accept products which have been contaminated by fecal …

Activities Of The Faa Inter-Agency Bird Hazard Committee, John L. Seubert

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The Federal Aviation Administration established an Inter-Agency Bird Hazard Committee in September 1966 in recognition of the increased hazard of birds to aviation. This inter-agency group was formed to obtain and consolidate informa-tion about the bird-aircraft problem and to develop ways of lessening collisions between birds and aircraft. The committee includes representatives from the Fed-eral Aviation Administration, Civil Aeronautics Board, Department of Health, Edu-cation & Welfare, National Aeronautics & Space Administration, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, and the U.S. Navy. The activities of the committee have been limited primarily to an advisory role. It is …

Fourth Bird Control Seminar Proceedings: Frontmatter & Table Of Contents

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Seminar held September 16-18, 1968

Orchard Bird Control, L. A. Mitterling

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Seven primary factors. The difficulties associated with the control of birds in an orchard are usually related or confounded by four primary, unknown factors and three which are usually quite well known. The four unknowns are: 1. The species causing the damage. 2. The total bird population in the area. 3. The alternate food sources available for the birds. 4. The relative economic importance of the crop to the community in which it is produced. The three known factors which are usually evident: 1. The crop being damaged. 2. The economic importance of the crop to the grower. 3. The …

Bait And Bait Materials, Fred R. Courtsal

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

I'm going to speak about bird baits that are produced by the rodent-control fund. In my estimation, there are about six criteria for mixing good, high quality bait materials. The first one would be a toxicant. This is the first thing people talk or think about. I would assume that you would select a toxicant that has the quality to do the intended job. The second point is the sticker. So our criteria for a sticker are as follows: good adhering qualities, good spreading qualities (by this I mean if you introduce the toxicant into a sticker as is often …

New Materials For Bird Control, John W. Degrazio, Philip J. Spear

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

A variety of methods is necessary to solve the many bird damage problems that occur in agriculture and other fields of interest. It is apparent that no one method can be used to provide answers for all damage situations; each problem and problem area is unique and requires thorough knowledge and investigation before intelligent measures of bird control can be applied. Thus, basic research in the laboratory and initial field studies are necessary to arrive at the most safe, efficient, and economical method of bird damage control possible for each situa-tion. The use of chemicals for damage control is one …

Status Of Avitrol, Kenneth W. Seed

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

I have been asked to inform you of the status of the Avitrol Bird Management Process developed by Phillips Petroleum Company. The Avitrol method of bird control is available to all pest control operators throughout the United States through a licensing arrangement with Phillips. At the start of our marketing program, exclusive licenses were offered to pest control operators on a territorial basis, with each licensee being permitted to grant sublicenses in his territory. This program did not prove satisfactory, because not enough pest control operators were sublicensed to make the process available when and where needed. Beginning in the …

Significance And Control Of Fungal Diseases Related To Bird Roosts, Robert J. Weeks

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Certain fungi have been found frequently as saprophytes in areas containing large amounts of bird excreta. These fungi have the ability to survive, multiply, and cause disease once they have entered a host. Two of these are Crypto-coccus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Both may easily become airborne and be disseminated throughout an area by the prevailing winds. C. neo-formans is commonly isolated from the excreta of pigeon habitats, and in turn has been associated with clinical cases of cryptococcosis, while blackbird roosts, harboring H. capsulatum, have been responsible for several outbreaks of histoplasmosis. When either of these fungi have become …

Daily And Seasonal Susceptibility Cycles Of The Starling, Robert G. Schwab

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

I would like to review a few of the characteristics of 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (DRC-1339) prior to discussion on the daily and seasonal suscep-tibility of starlings to this avicide. DRC-1339 was screened and developed by the Denver Research Center (U.S.D.I.) and since has been tested in various portions of the country by the Denver Center and other organizations, including the State of California. In California we are much impressed with this compound for a variety of reasons, particularly the specificity of it to birds, ease in handling, ease in formulation, and many other characteristics which make this a highly desirable avicide. …

Status Of Starlicide, Philip J. Spear

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Starlicide is described as a slow-acting avicide for the control of starlings and blackbirds around livestock and poultry operations. The active ingredient is 3 -chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride which has been identified by the Denver Re-search Center of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as DRC-1339. A casual review of information about this bird control material suggests the following paradoxes: The use of the chemical in bird control appears to be covered by a patent, but the licensor wishes to remain anonymous. The licensee, which produces and sells the commercial material, seems unwilling to discuss the product. Let me hasten to point …

Federal Labeling Standards For Economic Poisons, Paul M. Ochs

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pesticide Regulation Division, has the responsibility of administering the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act of 1947 as amended. The Act encompasses any substance or mixture of substances intended for "preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any insects, rodents or any other vertebrate animals, nematodes, fungi, weeds, and any other forms of plants or animal life or viruses," except viruses on or in living man or other animals. These products must be registered if they are to be marketed or shipped in interstate commerce, imported or exported, or sold in the District of Columbia or any …

A Conservation Department Approach To Environmental Contamination And Surveillance Problems, Leroy J. Korschgen

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Historically, the Conservation Commission has allied itself with other state, federal, and private agencies that are concerned with control and management of wildlife. It was suggested about a year ago that a Memorandum of Understanding, specifying the policy and procedure for bird control and rat and mouse control by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in Missouri, would be desirable. Subsequent discussion with Bureau representatives led to the conclusion that a formal memorandum of understanding was unnecessary. The primary purpose of such documents is to formalize operating procedures in states where the Bureau carries on a continuous control program …

Cooperation Between Pest Control Operators And Regulatory Authorities, Robert M. Russell

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

When Dr. Jackson called me to speak on the rights of the individual I told him he probably had the wrong person because I am an individual and I believe my company is an organization very prone to say "what is, is and you've got to go on with it." If I'd have heard some of the talks here today before he called me, I wouldn't be here at all, because I'm not sure what individual rights there are left! So let me change this thing around a little bit and state that instead of speaking of the rights of …

Chemical Bird Control: Idealism And Reality, James B. Elder

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Budding wildlife biologists, whether they wind up in research, management or administration, start out with one attribute in common. They are idealists. It is idealism to be sure, that quickly becomes tempered, if not blunted, by the realities of working for worthwhile, even essential conservation goals in an in-different and frequently hostile environment. For some, the conflict of ideals vs reality is too much and they move on to other, probably more lucrative occupations. Still others, blessedly few in number, lose their ideals completely, become apathetic toward wildlife goals and devolve into that most pitiable of human specimens, the bureaucratic …

Drc-1339 In Feedlots, John W. Degrazio

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Since 1960, the Denver Wildlife Research Center has been investigating methods of controlling starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at livestock feedlots. One chemical developed at the Denver Center is a slow-acting avicide, DRC-1339 (3-chloro-p-toluidine); it is well accepted and highly toxic to starlings, generally less toxic to other birds, and relatively nontoxic to mammals. It possesses no secondary hazard to avian and mammalian predators. A Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii), a marsh hawk (Circus cyaneus), and a sparrow hawk (Falco sparverius) subsisted on field-killed DRC-1339 starlings for 3- and 4-month periods with no ill effects. In our tests, poultry pellets (Purina Layena Checkers') …

Sodium Fluoride In Feedlot Starling Control, James Steckel

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

I'm going to talk about the toxicant, sodium fluoride. This, of course, is not new to anybody who's been in the pest control business. It's very common and is a material that is readily available to industry wherever you might be— sodium fluoride, NaF. Sodium fluoride was a material used in veterinary practice in its early days as a worming agent. When the first problems developed with the swine feeders, particularly with TGE (transmissible gastroenteritis), they were needing a toxicant that they could use to control the birds that were stealing feed out of the food bunkers and leaving their …

To Kill Or Not To Kill : That Is The Question, John R. Beck, William J. Spitz

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In talking with the panel that has agreed to be with you this morning, we find that almost to a man they feel very strongly there is no "it" in bird control, that a good applicator needs to be well balanced and well rounded, that he needs to know, far more than one approach, that he needs to be able to understand people, biological problems, ecology, eco-nomics, and several other factors. The idea that sometimes comes across in meetings such as this is, and rightly so in some instances, "I have the final answer." Gentlemen, there is no "it" in …

Wetting Agents And Their Role In Blackbird Damage Control, Don Harke

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

I'm going to speak on wetting agents, which are a class of surface-active agents or surfactants along with soaps or detergents. I would like to second John's philosophy on this balanced approach. Our blackbird problem in Ohio and Michigan is sufficiently serious that we can scarcely afford to overlook any measure of control. Wetting agents are not a new happening on the blackbird damage control scene. Actually since the early '60's we have been interested in finding the ideal agent and method of application for lethal control of blackbirds, starlings, and their roosts. The principle, as with so many other …

Utility Of Pyrotechnics In Bird Control, John R. Beck

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The balanced approach is essential for the proposed application of control methods for birds. The essential ingredients in a balanced approach are knowledge of the environment, both animal, plant and human; reasonable experience in the solution of biological problems; and an awareness of the possible solutions available. After these problems' qualifying ingredients have been met, the control specialist or investigator may apply the tool of choice. In most instances he will have selected alternatives available to himself. In the selection of the tool of choice and alternative methods, the cost of time, labor, materials and equipment, the need or purpose …

Entanglents And Sticky Repellents, Ken Hayden

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

I would like to bring to your attention a survey conducted by N.P.C.A. a couple of years ago that found that 45% of our Industry was willing to engage in the bird management field. The first thought that came to my mind was: what about the other 55% of our industry that was not willing to do bird management work? Why was this? Perhaps their interests are elsewhere in the Pest Control field; maybe they do not like heights or perhaps the tools of the bird management field are developed by each individual company and, therefore, not available through the …

Solutions To Problems: Concluding Comments, John R. Beck

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

This concludes the session which is marked for the morning. These gentlemen have presented you with a number of alternative methods or op-tions. There are a couple of concluding remarks I'd like to make. One, to those of you who have attended or specialized in bird control conferences or meetings, I'm quite certain that you realize that in terms of something new and startling, there have been no major advances in the past four years in terms of techniques or materials. However, the presentation which we have just concluded very clearly brings out the fact that there have been many …

Chemosterilants And Bird Control, M. R. Woulfe

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The total scope of chemosterilants is very wide so I will comment only on the pigeon chemosterilant developed by G.D. Searle & Co. and then briefly on the role of chemosterilants, generally, in bird control. Searle's ORNITROL (SC-12937, azacosterol) is a chemosterilant which in-hibits reproduction in the pigeon and is to be used as a means of controlling pigeon populations. It is fed as a treated whole corn bait (0.1%) for a period of ten days and inhibits reproduction for about six months. We recommend treat-ment in the early spring just before the onset of the peak reproduction season to …