Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Net Shore-Drift Along The Pacific Coast Of Clallam And Jefferson Counties, Washington, James Mahala

WWU Graduate School Collection

Geomorphic and sedimentologic indicators of shore drift were used to delineate the boundaries of drift unit cells and their direction of net shore-drift along the 110 km of Pacific coastline of Clallam and Jefferson Counties, Washington. These indicators include changes in bluff morphology, sediment size gradation, beach width and slope, direction of spit progradation and stream mouth diversion, deposition and/or erosion at drift obstructions, identifiable sediment, and nearshore bar orientation. Drift determinations were based on a field oriented approach emphasizing such long-term indicators, supplemented by aerial photography, and literature relevant to the coast.

Wind from the south-southwest prevail and predominate …

An Investigation Of Fluid Inclusions And Geochemistry Of Ore Formation In The Cedar Creek Breccia Pipe, North Santiam Mining District, Oregon, Mark B. Winters

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Cedar Creek breccia pipe is located in the North Santiam Mining District, Oregon, approximately 50 km. east of Salem. It was emplaced in the Sardine Formation, a series of andesitic flows, breccias, tuffs, and small intrusives of Middle to Late Miocene age.

The breccia pipe was discovered by Amoco Minerals Co. through soil sampling, a ground magnetic survey, and drilling. It is elliptical in plan view with maximum axes of approximately 110 and 145 m. and extends vertically downward over 350 m. The contacts between the pipe and the surrounding country rock are sharp and characterized by sheeted fault …

Sedimentary Petrology, Depositional Environment, And Tectonic Implications Of The Upper Eocene Quimper Sandstone And Marrowstone Shale, Northeastern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, William E. (William Ernst) Rauch

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Upper Eocene (Refugian) Quimper Sandstone and overlying Marrowstone Shale document approximately 300 meters of sediment deposited in a tectonically active, shallow marine area during a transgression. The Quimper Sandstone and Marrowstone Shale can be roughly divided into three facies, representing deposition from outer shore face and inner shelf to offshore or outer shelf.

Petrographic analysis of the Quimper Sandstone and Marrowstone Shale indicates geography and hydrodynamic conditions were responsible for a slight petrologic trend in composition such as more feldspar and lithic grains in the lower energy facies. The sandstones are lithic and feldspathic arenites and wackes with abundant …

Sedimentology, Sedimentary Petrology, And Tectonic Setting Of The Lower Miocene Clallam Formation, Northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, Kurt Soe Anderson

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Lower Miocene Clallam Formation, located on the northern coast of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, is an approximately 800 m thick sequence of sandstone and conglomerate that was deposited in the predominantly marine portion of a prograding delta.

As a whole, the Clallam Formation coarsens and shallows upward, progressing from fossiliferous sandstones deposited below wave base, through storm-dominated deposits characterized by climbing ripples, graded rythmites, and hummocky cross-stratification, to coarse-grained distributary mouth deposits. Within this general progression are several small-scale coarsening- and shallowing-upward cycles that reflect the occupation and subsequent abandonment of distributary channels.

Analysis of lithic and monocrystalline grain …

Geology And Mineralization Of The Great Excelsior Mine, Whatcom County, Washington, Russell J. Franklin

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Great Excelsior Mine is located in the North Cascades of northwest Washington, approximately 6 miles (10 km) east of the town of Glacier. The deposit consists of Ag with subordinate Au and is hosted within felsic volcanic breccias, tuffaceous siltstones and graywackes, and felsic tuffs belonging to the Middle Jurassic Wells Creek Volcanics. The deposit is located approximately 1000 feet (305 m) below the contact between the Wells Creek Volcanics and the overlying Nooksack Group metasediments. Both units comprise the lowermost structural-metamorphic unit of the western North Cascades System.

The Wells Creek Volcanics have been informally subdivided into four …

Carbonate Facies Of The Kimmswick Limestone (Trenton/Galena) In Southwestern Illinois : Their Relations As Oil Reservoirs And Traps, Gregory A. Crews

Masters Theses

"Four potentially productive oil horizons have been identified in the Kimmswick Limestone (Trenton/Galena), Ordovician of southwestern Illinois. Four non-porous caprock zones and four porous horizons were identified and informally named after corresponding members of the Dunleith Formation (Illinois State Geological Survey classification). The porous horizons generally consist of coarse-grained, fossiliferous limestone, which is overlain by finer grained, spar-cemented, impermeable limestone.

In order of production potential, the horizons are the upper Moredock, lower Moredock, Beecher-St. James (lowermost stratigraphic unit), and New London (uppermost stratigraphic unit). Porosity in the upper Moredock horizon is relatively consistent throughout the study area, as determined by …

Ua66/8/3 Annual Report, Wku Geography & Geology

WKU Administration Documents

Annual report created by and about WKU Geography & Geology for the school year 1984-1985.

Preliminary Investigation For Underground Storage Of Pipeline Gas In The Bruer And Flora Pools, Mist Gas Field, Columbia County, Oregon, Paul Joseph Townley

Dissertations and Theses

Northwest Natural Gas Canpany has proposed to convert the Bruer and Flora pools of the Mist Gas Field in west-central Columbia County, Northwestern Oregon, to pipeline gas storage reservoirs. Conversion to underground storage of pipeline gas in these depleted gas reservoirs would be the first in the Pacific Northwest. The Bruer and Flora Pools are fault trapped within the Cowlitz Formation. The shales overlying the Cowlitz Formation create a local seal for these gas reservoirs. X-ray diffraction and density log measurements suggest that the clay in these shales is primarily composed of smectite, which provides an excellent caprock seal.

The …

Structure And Evolution Of The Horse Heaven Hills In South-Central Washington, Michael Curtis Hagood

Dissertations and Theses

The Horse Heaven Hills uplift in south-central Washington consists of distinct northwest and northeast trends which merge in the lower Yakima Valley. The northwest trend is adjacent to and parallels the Rattlesnake-Wallula alignment (RAW; a part of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament). The northwest trend and northeast trend consist of aligned or en echelon anticlines and monoclines whose axes are generally oriented in the direction of the trend. At the intersection, folds in the northeast trend plunge onto and are terminated by folds of the northwest trend.

Provenance Study Of Late Eocene Arkosic Sandstones In Southwest And Central Washington, Mark Edward Byrnes

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study is to compare the sandstone composition and trace element geochemistry between samples representing the Summit Creek sandstone, Naches, Chumstick, and Carbonado Formations in order to determine if these sediments were all derived from the same provenance, and to determine the composition of the source rocks in hopes to identify the present day location of the source areas.

Petrology Of The Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene), North Dakota, Nels F. Forsman

Theses and Dissertations

Sedimentary materials of the Sentinel Butte Formation have been petrographically examined using optical and scanning electron micro scope/microprobe techniques. The formation consists of fine-grained materials which generally are classified mineralogically as volcanic litharenites or feldspathic litharenites. Most rock units in the formation are siltstones and mudstones. Multiple source rock types, including volcanic, metamorphic, and sedimentary, are represented by mineralogic constituents, but volcanic rock fragments are most abundant. Petrographic distinctions between basal and uppermost sandstone units suggest that a change in sediment supply took place near the end of Sentinel Butte time. Authigenic cement development appears concentrated in more porous and …

Middle And Late Wisconsinan (Pleistocene) Insect Assemblages From Illinois, Kristine D. Carter

Theses and Dissertations

Two highly organic sediment sequences from central and western Illinois (the Athens North Quarry and Biggsville sites, respectively) of Middle and Late Wisconsinan age were studied to gain knowledge about the environment and climate of this area during the time immediately prior to the maximum extent of the last glaciation. Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic inferences are based principally upon knowledge of the habitat preferences and geographic distributions of extant species of beetles that are represented as fossils. These data are supplemented by information from sedimentological and taphonomic studies and from previously published palynological and plant-macrofossil studies.

The Athens North Quarry site …

Metamorphism In The Eastern Lac Seul Region Of The English River Subprovince, Ontario, Steve J. Chipera

Theses and Dissertations

The English River subprovince of the Superior Province, Canada, is a linear, east-west trending high-grade metamorphic belt which extends from Lake Winnipeg in the west, to the James Bay lowlands in the east. It is composed of two prominent lithologic domains: a northern sedimentary gneiss-migmatite domain, and a southern plutonic domain. The northern domain consists primarily of alternating migmatized layers of garnet-biotite "wacke" and garnet-cordierite-biotite "pelitic" metasediments. The southern domain is composed mainly of intermediate granitic to trondhjemitic plutons. Bordering to the north and south are the lower grade Uchi and Wabigoon greenstone belts. Metamorphism and migmatization occurred during the …

Petrology Of The Beulah-Zap Lignite Bed, Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene), Mercer County, North Dakota, David R. Kleesattel

Theses and Dissertations

The Beulah-Zap lignite bed is one of several economically important lignites in the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene). This lignite occurs as a subsurface unit in the Knife River Basin of Mercer and I Oliver counties of North Dakota. The Beulah-Zap lignite is a heterogeneous carbonaceous rock unit composed of megascopic and microscopic I components, which are lithotypes and macerals, respectively. Relationships between the maceral contents of the lithotypes follow patterns similar to those of bituminous coals. Coal petrology, the study of maceral and lithotype occurrence and I distribution, was applied to determine: 1) mode of coalification, and 2) depositional environment …

Late Quaternary Environmental And Climatic History Of The Southern Chilean Lake Region Interpreted From Coleopteran (Beetle) Assemblages, John W. Hoganson

Theses and Dissertations

A diverse Coleoptera fauna of 462 species in 48 families was collected from 41 locations in the Parque Nacional de Puyehue and adjacent parts of the Lake Region of southern Chile. The sample locations ranged from rain forest habitats at sea-level to Andean tundra habitats at 1500 m msl. Cluster analysis of a Dice similarity coefficient matrix revealed a broad pattern of bioassociations within the large data base, Boundaries between the bioassociations correspond largely with those of the major vegetation zones implying that the distribution of the fauna is strongly influenced by the distribution of plants. Evidence from fossils indicates …

A Quantitative Analysis Of Shoreline Erosion Processes, Lake Sakakawea, North Dakota, Mark D. Millsop

Theses and Dissertations

Shoreline erosion is a problem at Lake Sakakawea and Lake Audubon, North Dakota. Land is lost, water quality is adversely affected, and reservoir storage capacity is decreased.

Instrumentation of the eastern shores of both lakes began in 1983 to quantify bank erosion by process (e.g., wave erosion, rainsplash and runoff, and frost-thaw failure). Other data gathered included: pool level fluctuations; wind velocity, direction, and duration; precipita tion; soil moisture; frost penetration; freeze-thaw cycles; and geology (e.g., texture, clay mineralogy and structure).

The magnitude of shoreline erosion is highly variable, especially within Lake Sakakawea. For the interval of May 1983 through …

The Geology And Hydrocarbon Potential Of The Dawson Bay Formation Carbonate Unit (Middle Devonian), Williston Basin, North Dakota, Wayne R. Pound

Theses and Dissertations

The Middle Devonian Dawson Bay Formation carbonate unit is present in the subsurface of North Dakota except where truncated by post-depositional erosion. The carbonate unit thickens from the erosional limit to a maximum thickness of 47.5 m (156 ft.) in Renville County and reaches a maximum depth of 3798 m (12, 432 ft.) below the surface in McKenzie County. In North Dakota, a submarine hardground separates the carbonate unit from the underlying “Second Red Bed member” of the Dawson Bay Formation. The upper contact with the Souris River Formation is conformable except in those areas where the Dawson Bay Formation …

Depositional Environments And Diagenesis Of Carbonates And Associated Evaporites, Frobisher-Alida Interval, Madison Group (Mississippian), Williston Basin, Northwestern North Dakota, Thomas J. Obelenus

Theses and Dissertations

The Frobisher-Alida interval is a subsurface, marker-defined unit, one of several units designated for rocks of the Madison Group (Mississippian) in the Williston Basin of North Dakota. The Frobisher Alida conformably overlies the Tilston interval and is conformably overlain by the Ratcliffe interval. 1t attains a maximum thickness of a little over 400 feet (123 m) and thins to an erosional edge along the eastern margin of the Basin.

The Frobisher-Alida is composed of limestones, dolomitic limestones, and dolostones of the Mission Canyon Formation and anhydrites of the overlying Charles Formation which exist in a complex facies relationship within the …

Geochemistry And Petrology Of The Lake Vermilion Formation, Ely Greenstone Belt, Northeastern Minnesota, Scott E. Robinson

Theses and Dissertations

Alteration in the Lake Vermilion Formation took place at low water/rock ratios. Calculations using the method of Grescens (1967) indicate that the amount of open-system elemental exchange was slight. During secondary alteration, Ca, Na, K, Rb, Sr, and Ba were very mobile; Mg and Fe were less mobile; Si, Al, Ti, Zr, Y, and Ni were slightly mobile. Chemically the rocks resemble modern spilites and keratophyres.

The dacites and basalts are depleted in Ti, Zr, and Y relative to Tertiary igneous rocks of similar composition. The Lake Vermilion Formation basalts display a volcanic arc basalt trend of constant Ti02 with …

Macrofossils And Biostratigraphy Of The Bakken Formation (Devonian And Mississippian) In Western North Dakota, Lawrence C. Thrasher

Theses and Dissertations

The Bakken Formation, up to 145 feet thick in North Dakota, is a subsurface formation in the Williston Basin that typically consists of two black shale members separated by a middle member of predominantly gray siltstone or silty limestone up to 85 feet thick.

Well over 500 macrofossils representing more than 50 taxa were collected from cores of 40 wells. Brachiopods, the most common fossil, represent 17 genera, 1 of which have not been previously reported from the Bakken. Nonbrachiopod fossils of this study, mostly not previously reported from the Bakken, are a hylothyrid, a conulariid, a syringoporid coral, several …

Palynology Of The Hagel Lignite Bed And Associated Strata, Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene), In Central North Dakota, Edward N. Steadman

Theses and Dissertations

The Hagel bed is an economically important lignite and is the lowest named lignite in the Sentinel Butte Formation, Fort Union Group. The Hagel bed extends throughout the Knife River Basin coal-mining area of central North Dakota. Stratigraphic sections of the Hagel bed, including intercalated clastic rocks, were measured in the highwalls of the Center mine, Glenharold mine, and Falkirk mine.

Samples from the stratigraphic sections were described and analyzed, using standard palynological techniques, for their palynomorph content. Palynomorphs proved to be well preserved and abundant. Maceration of Hagel bed samples yielded a diverse collection of palynomorphs. A total of …

Metamorphism And Migmatization Of Metasediments In The Precambrian English River Subprovince, Western Ontario, Rodney M. Baumann

Theses and Dissertations

Metasediments of the Precambrian English River subprovince, a subdivision of the Superior province, are conspicuously migmatized by 'bands of light-colored, igneous-appearing material. The metasediments them.selves consist of alternating layers of pelite and wacke lithologies, which represent original mudstones and graywackes respectively. Their deposition is thought to represent subaqueous turbidity flows.

For the metasediments of the study area, a 250 square kilometer portion of the English River subprovince, metamorphic grade increases southward from the English River subprovince's northern border. Two isograds have been mapped: the disappearance of muscovite and the disappearance of stable sillimanite. Geothermometry studies are consistent with the trend …

Hydrogeologic And Geochemical Factors Influencing The Impact Of A Chromium-Arsenic-Copper Wastewater Discharge On A Glacial Outwash Aquifer, Michael J. Gallagher

Masters Theses

A discharge of chromium-arsenic-copper laden wastewater occurred periodically from 1970 to 1980 at a wood preserving company located in southwestern Kalamazoo County, Michigan. As a result of this discharge, soils at the company site became contaminated with chromium, arsenic, and copper, and a local glacial outwash aquifer became contaminated with hexavalent chromium.

Soil samples collected from the discharge site were analyzed for clay-silt-sand-gravel content, organic matter, pH, clay mineralogy, and chromium, arsenic, copper, iron, and manganese content. Background soil samples were analyzed for most of the above catagories. Pearson r coefficients of correlation were calculated to determine the correlation of …

The Depositional History Of The Point Pleasant Member Of The Cynthiana Formation In Northern Kentucky, Gary J. Stefaniak

Masters Theses

Bioclastic limestones, siltstones, and shales of the Point Pleasant Member were deposited in a shallow marine environment immediately below normal effective wave base. High-energy conditions produced by storms lowered the effective wave base and stirred the bottom sediments and redistributed them into bedforms. The different types of contacts, distribution of the faunal groups, and fabrics permit inferences regarding energy levels and assignment of samples to a mode of deposition. Vertical and lateral trends were then deduced. High-energy conditions are believed to have occurred during Early and Late Point Pleasant time, whereas, low-energy conditions prevailed during deposition of the middle Point …

Geology Of A Section Of The Northwest Tobacco Root Mountains, Madison County, Southwest Montana, Kiff James Samuelson

Masters Theses

The northwest Tobacco Root Mountains are located on the boundary between two major tectonic provinces: the fold and thrust belt and the Rocky Mountain foreland. Deformation typical of the Rocky Mountain foreland is present in the form of two major northwest trending faults with associated folds. Paleozoic rocks were passively draped over at least one of the elevated Precambrian blocks. Foliation of the Precambrian rocks also appears to have been gently folded in the process.

Folds and thrusts occur within the Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks, on the westernmost flank of the range, appearing to follow the general trend of the …

Late Tertiary Rodents From The Catamarca Province, Argentina : The Field Museum Collections, Lee A. Schremp

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The rodents collected in the 1920's by the Marshall Field Expedition for the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, are systematically reviewed and placed within the stratigraphic framework established at the time of collection. One new genus (Proeuryzygomys) and three new species (Abracoma intermedias, Proeuryzygomys diminutiva, and Cayiodon (Lelongia) catamarcensis) are proposed. Two distinct faunas are recognized corresponding to the Huayquerian and Montehermosan Land Mammal Ages respectively. Several computer programs were developed to aid in character analysis.

Geology Of Ponca State Park, Nebraska, Roger K. Pabian, Dennis R. Lawton

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Petrology Of The Farmington Gabbro-Metagabbro Complex, North Carolina, James Thomas Harden

Masters Theses

The Farmington gabbro-metagabbro complex is located along the western margin of the Charlotte belt of North Carolina. At least twp or more intrusions occur within the complex. The Farmington gabbroic intrusion is postmetamorphic and contains plagioclase, hornblende, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine. Small amounts of magnetite, ilmenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, hematite, hercynitic spinel, and biotite occur. Textures are hypidiomorphic granular to hypidiomorphic inequigranular. Four types of gabbroic rocks are present; hornblende gabbronite, olivine-hornblende gabbronorite, hornblende norite, and olivine-hornblende norite, with olivine-hornblende gabbronorite predominating. A limited range of progressive differentiation is indicated by restricted increases in FeO/(FeO +MgO) ratios for mafic silicates …

Geology Newsletter- 1984, Department Of Geology

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol.1 No.9

• Dear Alumni and Friends
• Advisory Council
• Geology Development Fund
• Graduate Students
• Geology & Earth Science Club
• W. David Kuenzi Scholarship Fund
• 1983-84 Awards & Scholarships
• Faculty News
• Alumni News

Sulfur Dioxide And Particles In Quiescent Volcanic Plumes From Poás, Arenal, And Colima Volcanos, Costa Rica And Mexico, T. Casadevall, William I. Rose, William H. Fuller, William H. Hunt, Mark A. Hart, Jarvis L. Moyers, David C. Woods, Raymond L. Chuan, James P. Friend

Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences Publications

Measurements of SO₂ emission rates and concentrations and of particle distribution, size, shape, and composition were made in quiescent volcanic plumes emitted into the troposphere from Poás and Arenal volcanos, Costa Rica, and Colima volcano, Mexico. SO₂ emission rates were 700±180 metric tons per day (t/d) for Poás, 210±30 t/d for Arenal, and 320±50 t/d for Colima. The concentrations of SO₂ calculated from the COSPEC/lidar data were 5–380 ppb. Concentrations of SO₂measured directly by flame photometry were 10–250 ppb. Particles collected in the plumes with a quartz crystal microbalance impactor were mostly less than 3 …