Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Provenance Study Of The Middle Ordovician Sandstones Of New York And Western Vermont, Stephen A. Tanski

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Medial Ordovician rocks exposed in westernmost New England and eastern New York State include thick sequences of marine sandstones which are part of a belt extending from Newfoundland to Tennessee. A petrographic study was made of 237 samples distributed across the entire outcrop belt (approx. 250 km. north-south along strike and 190 km. east-west across strike).
Two distinct types of sandstone are recognized, the oldest, and most widespread, is a deep water lithic wacke deposited by turbidity currents and found interbedded with shale (flysch). The younger sandstone is found only in the southeastern part of the study area and is …

Preliminary Age Classification Of Landslides For Inventory Mapping, James P. Mccalpin

James P. McCalpin

A preliminary age classification for landslides is proposed for inventory mapping, based on morphologic criteria visible on aerial photographs. Because landslide scars and deposits are generally disequilibrium landforms, they progress through observable morphologic stages as they age. Four age classes are distinguished: 1) active; 2) inactive-young; 3) inactive-mature; 4) inactive-old. Each age class reflects the age of latest movement only. The morphologic "freshness" of each part of the landslide must be evaluated, including: the head scarp, lateral scarps, marginal drainage, internal scarps and blocks, internal drainage pattern, vegetation type and density, and toe morphology. Morphologic parameters defined from air photos …

Tiltmeter Analysis Of Mount St. Helens, Skamania County, Washington, Edward Charles Brown

Dissertations and Theses

Mount St. Helens returned to an active eruptive state March 20, 1980. Since then explosive and dome building eruptions have caused major topographic changes to the mountain and surrounding drainages. Monitoring of the southern side of the mountain by six tiltmeters at distances between 6 km and 12 km was conducted during the period of July 1, 1980 to December 31, 1980. Records obtained from the tiltmeters were analyzed and compared to data from precision geodetic surveys.

Glacial Chronology Of The Ruby Mountains–East Humboldt Range, Nevada, William J. Wayne

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The Ruby Mountains-East Humboldt Range, one of the interior mountain groups of the Basin and Range Province, lies about midway between the Wasatch Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. After Blackwelder’s description in his review of glaciation in the western mountains, Sharp mapped and named the deposits of the Lamoille and Angel Lake glaciations and correlated them with early and late Wisconsin deposits of the Great Lakes area. The refinement of relative dating (RD) methods, the availability of air photos and modem topographic maps, and new road cuts have aided the restudy of these alpine glacial deposits and the basis for …

Geohydrology Of The High Plains Aquifer In Parts Of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, And Wyoming, Edwin D. Gutentag, Frederick J. Heimes, U.S. Geological Survey, Richard R. Luckey, John B. Weeks

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The High Plains aquifer, which underlies about 174,000 square miles in parts of eight States, is the principal source of water in one of the Nation's major agricultural areas. About 170,000 wells pump water from the aquifer to irrigate about 13 million acres in the High Plains. In 1978, the U.S. Geological Survey began a regional study of the High Plains aquifer to provide geohydrologic data and computer models of the aquifer needed to evaluate the effects of ground-water development. This report describes the geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer. The High Plains aquifer consists mainly of hydraulically connected geologic …

A Shallowing-Upward Sequence In A Pleistocene Coral Reef And Associated Facies, San Salvador, Bahamas, Brian White, Karen J. Kurkjy, H. Allen Curran

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The Sangamon-age Cockburn Town fossil coral reef complex displays a vertical sequence of facies from coral reef and closely associated subtidal carbonate sands, through beach calcarenites, to eolianites. This upward change reflects a progressive lowering of sea level and the eventual emergence of the reef complex into a subaerial environment. The contact between upper beach sediments and eolianites is at +4 m providing a minimum for the sea level high stand. Essentially in situ Acropora palmata suggests a sea level of at least 5 to 6 m above present. These values are similar to Sangamon-age high stands reported from New …

Armored Mud Balls And Friable Sand Megaclasts From A Complex Early Pleistoceme Alluvial Fill, Southwestern Morrill County, Nebraska, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

Armored mud balls and friable sand megaclasts occur in exposures of a complex Early Pleistocene sand and gravel alluvial fill which caps a strath terrace in southwestern Morrill County, Nebraska. The mudballs are limited to a tributary arroyo. The sand megaclasts occur in sediments deposited along a trunk stream. It is possible that the sand megaclasts were transported to the site in a frozen condition.

Cenozoic Geology Of The Southern Nebraska Panhandle: Old Valleys, Volcaniclastics, And Vertebrates: 1984 Fall Field Trip, Nebraska Geological Society, James B. Swinehart, Robert F. Diffendal Jr., Mary Rebone, Robert Hunt

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

Two-day field trip:

Duer Ranch Locality, Morrill County, Nebraska

The Duer Ranch locality contains some of the finest and most easily accessible examples of different styles of alluvial cuts and fills in the Cenozoic of Nebraska. It offers a unique area in which to examine the geometries and alluvial fills of several Miocene and Pliocene age paleovalleys and paleogullies. Good exposures of eolian volcaniclastic siltstones and a regionally important volcanic ash of the Oligocene age Brule Formation are also present at the Duer Ranch locality.

Early Miocene Mammals and Lithostratigraphy of the Indian Creek Drainage, Near Bridgeport, Morrill County, Western …

Implications Of Hydrocarbon And Helium Gas Analyses Of Springs From The Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, Randel T. Cox, Kenneth F. Steele

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

One hundred and three ground water samples (predominantly springs) were analyzed for headspace light hydrocarbon gases and helium. Four of the formations (Arkansas Novaculite, Bigfork Chert, Stanley Shale, and Womble) having the highest mean methane values are the only Ouachita Mountain facies to produce petroleum or exhibit marginally commercial production. This observation suggests that the mean methane values are useful as an indication of the relative hydrocarbon content of these formations Anomalous helium values are generally associated with mapped faults.

Prehistory Of Long Valley, Idaho, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Archaeology/Anthropology

This thesis deals with a group of artifact collections gathered by local amateurs from a series of sites along the western shoreline of Cascade Reservoir. This study uses these artifacts as a basis to put together a preliminary view of Long Valley prehistory. Outlines of the basic artifact types are formulated and placed into a chronology based upon typological comparisons and obsidian hydration. Previous archaeological work, the ethnohistory, and local geology of the valley are discussed and related ot the sites, used in this study, in order to determine their patterns and characteristics. From these efforts directions for further research …

Field Guide To The Cockburn Town Fossil Coral Reef, San Salvador, Bahamas, H. Allen Curran, Brian White

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

James W. Teeter (ed.), 1984, Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas:San Salvador, CCFL Bahamian Field Station

Hydrochemical Data For The Truckee River Drainage System, California And Nevada, Larry V. Benson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Abstract

Surface-water samples were collected from the Truckee River drainage system during 1975, 1976, and 1981. Data resulting from chemical analyses of these samples, as well as certain other previously unpublished data, are tabulated in this report. The report contains the following hydrochemical data:

1. Chemical composition of 21 tributaries to Lake Tahoe and the Truckee River upstream from Farad, California (May and October 1971, and June 1972).

2. Chemical composition of the Truckee River at Tahoe City (January 1968-January 1975) and at Farad, California (January 1968-June 1980), and of the Little Truckee River upstream from Stampede Reservoir, California (January …

Peat Resources Of Maine - Volume 4: Southern And Western Maine, Cornelia C. Cameron, Michael K. Mullen, Carolyn A. Lepage

Maine Collection

Peat Resources of Maine - Volume 4: Southern and Western Maine

by Cornelia C. Cameron, Michael K. Mullen, Carolyn A. Lepage & Walter A. Anderson

Bulletin 31 - Maine Geological Survey, Department of Conservation, Augusta, Maine (1984).

Preparation of this report was supported by funds furnished by the U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG18-79ET14690, the Maine Office of Energy Resources, the Maine Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey.

Contents: Introduction / The Maine Peat Resource Evaluation Program / Geologic Setting of Maine Peat Deposits / Formation of Peat Deposits in Maine / Methods of Investigation / Identification of …

Soil Improvement With Bauxite Residues, W H. Tacey, S. C. Ward, K. J. Summers, N. J. Barrow

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The sandy soils of the Peel-Harvey catchment hold water and nutrients very poorly. The Gavin ridges dry out quickly during rainless periods and this severely limits pasture growth. These ridges and the lower lying Joel and Coolup sands also lose a large proportion of the phosphorus, sulfer and potash fertilisers applied to them. Normally the sands lack clay materials to bind and hold the nutrients so rainfall leaches them out.

The Peel-Harvey Study Group, CSIRO, Alcoa and Murdock University have studied the use of a residue from bauxite mining to help overcome these problems. The treated residue has a texture …

Sources Of Lime In The South-West, I M V Brown

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Many Western Australian farmers topdress or incorporate lime into their acid soils to neutralise them and to improve crop or pasture yields. Most use pulverised limestone or limesand which is cheap and relatively easy tospread.

Agricultural lime isdefined as "any fertiliser used principally for the purpose of reducing soil acidity and having calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, or both, as its main ingredients".

Less extensive sources of liming material are found in scattered inland areas where deposits of calcrete have been formed by the weathering of calcium-rich rock and also in association with internal drainage systems.

Magnesite, generally formed by …

History And Origin Of Debris Torrents In The Smith Creek Drainage, Whatcom County, Washington, Tim L. Syverson

WWU Graduate School Collection

Four debris torrent events have occurred in the Smith Creek drainage since the turn of the century. In 1917, 1949, 1971, and 1983, debris torrents transported large quantities of logs out of the basin onto the delta. Inventories of air photographs of the drainage before and after the three most recent events, combined with field observations after the 1983 event, show that debris torrents in the Smith Creek drainage are closely related to mass movements. Mass movements provide the momentum necessary to mobilize debris in stream channels during periods of heavy run-off, resulting in the formation of debris torrents. Debris …

Trace-Elements In Ilmenite - A Way To Discriminate Provenance Or Age In Coastal Sands, Dennis A. Darby

OES Faculty Publications

Trace elements and Ti percentage in ilmenite grains magnetically separated from modern and late Pleistocene coastal sands of southeastern Virginia and northwestern North Carolina were used to distinguish different deposits. Multivariate analysis of ilmenite composition (Ti, Mn, Mg, Cr, V, Ni, and Cu) from coastal deposits and potential source rivers enabled the identification of dominant source rivers. Using the trace element content of one mineral instead of heavy-mineral suites eliminated most of the hydraulic sorting, selective weathering, and intrastratal solution problems that often obscure heavy-mineral provenance determinations. Most ilmenite grains lacked exsolution or twinning, which are common to ilmenite; however, …

Late Cenozoic Landforms, Stratigraphy And History Of Sea Level Oscillations Of Southeastern Virginia And Northeastern North Carolina, Pamela Crowson Peebles

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A depositional model accounting for the stratigraphic sequences which accumulate during a marine transgression across a dissected coastal plain aids in understanding the geologic history of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. Application of this model to the Shirley Formation (middle Pleistocene) and the Sedgefield and Lynnhaven members of the Tabb Formation (late Pleistocene) allows delineation of (1) the facies within, (2) the areal extent of, and (3) the landforms associated with these lithostratigraphic units. Facies within each lithostratigraphic unit consist of (1) a vertical succession from local, basal, channel-fill deposits and coarse, basal, lag deposits which grade upward into …

Igneous Dikes At Long Valley, Ca: Emplacement Mechanisms And Associated Geologic Structures, David D. Pollard, Jonathan H. Fink, Paul T. Delaney

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Two hypotheses for dike emplacement are: (1) magma flows into and dilates pre-existing fractures; or (2) magma flows into and dilates self-generated fractures. In the first case dikes should be parallel to an element of the rock fabric; in the second, they should be perpendicular to the least compressive stress. The two hypotheses suggest different dike intrusion and fissure eruption mechanisms and therefore different strategies for monitoring igneous events at Long Valley. We derive a method to distinguish the two mechanisms, a priori, from in-situ stress measurements and estimates of magma pressure. Estimates of relative dilation and slip across a …

Nebraska Mineral Operations Review, 1983, Raymond R. Burchett, Duane A. Eversoll

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Annual Departures From Average Annual Precipitation In Nebraska, 1850-1983, Conservation And Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Inventory Of Irrigation Water Use In Box Butte County, Nebraska 1981, D. R. Lawton, L. L. Leahon

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

1984 County Gravity Survey, Complete Gravity Listings, Raymond R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Annual Installation Of Irrigation Wells In Nebraska Through 1983, Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Annual Departures From Average Annual Precipitation In Nebraska, 1850-1983, Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Annual Departures From Average Annual Precipitation In Nebraska, 1850-1983, Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Annual Outflow Of Water From Nebraska, 1950-1983, Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

The Sedimentary Petrography, Depositional Environment And Tectonic Setting Of The Aldwell Formation, Northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, Keith Marcott

WWU Graduate School Collection

The upper Eocene Aldwell Formation crops out in an east-west trending band across the northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Petrographic analyses indicate that the Aldwell Formation has lithologically distinctive eastern and western portions. The rocks of the eastern Aldwell are basalt-rich lithic greywackes; their mean compositions are Qm-F-Lt: 5- 22-73 and polycrystalline quartz-volcanic rock fragments-total sedimentary rock fragments: 1-78-21. The rocks of the western Aldwell are chert-rich lithic arenites; their mean compositions are Qm-F-Lt: 27-19-54 and polycrystalline quartz-volcanic rock fragments-total sedimentary rock fragments: 66-11-23.

Similarities in texture, composition, and alteration products suggest that the basalts of the Crescent seamount province as …

The Geology And Structure Of The Canyon Creek-Church Mountain Area, North Cascades, Washington, Jeffrey T. (Jeffrey Thomas) Jones

WWU Graduate School Collection

Four major rock assemblages ranging from Precambrian to Lower Cretaceous occur in the Canyon Creek/Church Mountain area of northwestern Washington. Lithologic, structural, and fossil evidence were used to discriminate among the assemblages and to correlate them with the Chilliwack Group, the Nooksack Group, the Yellow Aster Complex, and a unit previously included in the Chilliwack Group, referred to here as the "chert/basalt unit." These assemblages were juxtaposed during middle Cretaceous tectonism along low angle and high angle faults. There is some evidence for additional structural deformation after the middle Cretaceous.

The Chilliwack Group, consisting of volcanic rocks, volcaniclastic rocks, and …

The Sedimentary Petrology And Sedimentology Of The Unnamed Middle Eocene Sandstones Of Scow Bay, Indian And Marrowstone Islands, Northwest Washington, Leslie A. Melim

WWU Graduate School Collection

The unnamed Middle Eocene sandstones of Scow Bay are well exposed on the beaches of Indian and Marrowstone Island, northwest Washington. The rocks strike approximately east-west and dip to the north except on the east coast of Marrowstone Island where the structure is more complex. Each of the four coastal sections was described in detail, and the most complete was also measured.

The sandstone beds are typically thin- to very-thick-bedded, structureless lithic arenite. Locally abundant sedimentary structures include dish structures, vague horizontal lamination, load casts, flame structures, soft sediment deformation, and shale clasts. Interbedded with the sandstones are minor siltstones …