Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Stratigraphic Relationships Of The Tillamook Volcanics And The Cowlitz Formation In The Upper Nehalem River-Wolf Creek Area, Northwestern Oregon, Michael Keith Jackson

Dissertations and Theses

The upper Nehalem River-Wolf Creek area is located on the northeastern flank of the Tillamook Highlands in the northern Oregon Coast Range. Three rock stratigraphic units underlie the thesis area, and these units range from late Eocene to Oligocene in age.

Identification And Characterization Of Three Glacial Tills In Kandiyohi County, Minnesota, Allan G. Giencke, Richard O. Paulson, James R. Crum

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

During the course of the Kandiyohi Co., Minnesota, soil survey, three different glacial tills were recognized and separated from what was formerly thought to be one homogeneous glacial till. Tile first glacial till is from the Des Moines Lobe ice advance. It has a fine-loamy particle size, friable consistency, and appreciable amounts of Cretaceous shale fragments. The oven-dry bulk density ranges from 1.3 to 1.5 glee. The second glacial till is from the Wadena Lobe ice advance. It has a coarse-loamy particle size, friable consistency, oven-dry bulk density of 1.5 to 1.7 glee, and small amounts of Cretaceous shale fragments. …

Drainage Basin Characteristics Of The Minnesota River, Paul Fasching

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The geomorphology of the Minnesota River Basin is poorly understood, yet much of modern fluvial ecology requires this information as a prerequisite to physical, chemical, or biological studies. The purpose of this paper is to provide background descriptive geomorphological river basin data for the Minnesota River. Eleven descriptive parameters (river gradient, Form f, Shape 1, Shape 2, circularity ratio, elongation ration, stream order, bifurcation ratio, average area by order, number of lakes per order and number of lower order streams entering higher streams) were determined for the Minnesota River Basin as a whole as well as for ten subbasins. A …

Diagenesis Of Miocene Biogenic Sediments In Lost Hills Oil Field, San Joaquin Basin, California, Michael A. Kruge

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Major portions of the Miocene Monterey formation of California were deposited under low oxygen conditions, with restricted clastic influx, beneath waters with high phytoplankton productivity. The resulting diatomaceous and organic-rich sediments underwent diagenetic modification as they were buried.

A suite of core samples was collected from eight wells in the Lost Hills oil field ranging in present depth of burial between 535 and 2285 meters. In one well, the entire Monterey section was sampled. Cores taken from the remaining wells sampled the Reef Ridge and Antelope Members of the Monterey Formation at various burial depths.

Silica mineralogy was studied using …

Chemical Composition Of Ground Water And The Locations Of Permeable Zones In The Yucca Mountain Area, Nevada, Larry Benson, J. H. Robison, R. K. Blankennagel, A. E. Ogard

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Ten wells in the Yucca Mountain area of southern Nevada have been sampled for chemical analysis. Samples were obtained during pumping of water from the entire well bore (composite sample) and in one instance by pumping water from a single isolated interval in well UE-25b#1. Sodium is the most abundant cation and bicarbonate the most abundant anion in all water samples. Although the general chemical compositions of individual samples are similar, there are significant differences in uncorrected carbon-14 age and in inorganic and stable-isotope composition. Flow surveys of seven wells performed using iodine-131 as a tracer indicate that ground-water production …

Observations On The Paleoecology And Formation Of The “Upper Shell” Unit, Lee Creek Mine, H. Allen Curran, Patricia L. Parker

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The "Upper Shell" unit at the Lee Creek Mine (Pliocene age, maximum thickness 3 m) is remarkable for its concentration of well-preserved mollusk shells in a sparse quartz sand matrix, and it is dominated by several species of bivalves, with many shells articulated. The unit can be subdivided into three bivalve assemblage zones characterized by associations of dominant species. Zone 1 is dominated by Mercenaria mercenaria, an infaunal, shallow- to medium-burrowing, siphonate clam. Zone 2 is characterized by an epifaunal bivalve assemblage that includes Glycymeris americana, Argopecten eboreus, Anomia simplex, and Ostrea meridionalis. Thin but highly concentrated …

A Hydrochemical Reconnaissance Study Of The Walker River Basin, California And Nevada, Larry Benson, R. J. Spencer

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

During 1975 and 1976, a large number of water and sediment samples were collected from the Walker River Basin. Additional surface water samples were collected during 1980 and 1981. Data are given herein for chemical analyses of snowmelt, tributary, river, spring, well, lake, reservoir, lake sediment pore fluid, tufa, lake and river sediment samples. These data provide the basis for consideration of processes which govern the chemical evolution of large closed basin hydrologic systems in the Basin and Range Province of the Southwestern United States.

The Walker River Basin, a part of the Basin and Range Province, is located i~ …

Asymmetrical Distribution Of Quaternary Alluvial Fills, Pumpkin Creek Drainage Basin, Western Nebraska, Robert F. Diffendal Jr., R. George Corner

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

A remnant alluvial fill of early Pleistocene age exposed in Pumpkin Creek Valley, Banner and Morrill counties, Nebraska, has yielded fossils of Mammuthus meridionalis (Nesti) and Equus sp. cf. E. scotti Gidley. Younger fill remnants of trunk and tributary streams allow a refinement of earlier views on the development of the Pumpkin Creek drainage basin during the Quaternary Period. Ancestral Pumpkin Creek both shifted to the north and entrenched its valley several times during the Quaternary Period leaving alluvial fills at three levels or more south of the present creek. Piracy of the headwaters of ancestral Pumpkin Creek took …

A Description Of The Soils And Geology Of The Berkshire Valley Experimental Catchment, M R. Wells, D J. Mcfarlane

Resource management technical reports

Basic land resource data are provided in this report to assist an investigation of the effect of contour banking on surface runoff in the Berkshire Valley experimental catchement. Brief descriptions of the catchment's geology, soils and their inferred hydrological significance are provided and a 1:2000 scale map produced. Of major significance to the hydrologic study is the fact that soil depth and internal drainage conditions were found to be not related to landscape positions.

Ground-Water Hydrology And Projected Effects Of Ground-Water Withdrawals In The Sevier Desert, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The principal ground-water reservoir in the Sevier Desert is the unconsolidated basin fill. The fill has been divided generally into aquifers and confining beds, although there are no clearcut boundaries between these units--the primary aquifers are the shallow and deep artesian aquifers. Recharge to the ground-water reservoir is by infiltration of precipitation; seepage from streams, canals, reservoirs, and unconsumed irrigation water; and subsurface inflow from consolidated rocks in mountain areas and from adjoining areas. discharge is by wells, springs, seepage to the Sevier River, evapotranspiration, and subsurface outflow to adjoining areas.

Preliminary Geologic Map Of The Beaver Lake Mountains Quadrangle, Beaver And Millard Counties, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Preliminary geologic map of the Beaver Lake Mountains quadrangle. This map is preliminay and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature.

Ground Water In The Southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah And Colorado, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The potential for developing oil-shale resources in the southeastern Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado has created the need for information on the quantity and quality of water available in the area. This report describes the availability and chemical quality of ground water, which might provide a source or supplement of water supply for an oil-shale industry.

Preliminary Surficial Geologic Map Of The Fisher Valley-Professor Valley Area, Southeastern Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Fisher Valley-Professor Valley Area, Southeastern Utah.

Trace Fossils In Pleistocene Carbonate Rocks Of San Salvador, Bahamas, H. Allen Curran

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

Reprinted from: D.T. Gerace (ed.), Proceedings of 1st Symposium on Geology of Bahamas, CCFL, Bahamas Field Station, San Salvador, Bahamas

Diffusion Data For Clinopyroxenes From Homogenization And Self-Diffusion Experiment, John B. Brady, Robert H. Mccallister

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

Kinetic experiments involving the homogenization of fine-scale, coherent (001) pigeonite lamellae in a sub-calcic diopside have been used to constrain Ca-Mg interdiffusion coefficients for clinopyroxenes. At 1150°-1250°C and 25 kbar, "average" Ca-Mg effective binary interdiffusion coefficients are described by

Ď = (3.89 x l0^-7) exp(-360.87 kJ/RT) (m²/sec)

(Ď : (3.89 x l0^-3) exp(-86.25 kcal/RT) (cm²/sec))

with an uncertainty of a factor of 2. Because of the large thermodynamic effect on diffusion near a solvus, actual interdiffusion coefficients should vary by an order of magnitude or more with composition …

Interdiffusion Of K And Na In Alkali Feldspars: Homogenization Experiment, John B. Brady, Richard A. Yund

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The rates of homogenization of coherent exsolution lamellaein cryptoperthites have been used to evaluate K-Na interdiffusion in alkali feldspars.An "average" interdiffusion coefficient (Ď) is between 2 and 4 x l0^-17 cm²/sec for a synthetic cryptoperthite at 600°C in the composition range Or₂₃-Or₅₃, and between 6 and 12 x 10^-16 cm²/sec for a natural cryptopertlite at 650°C in the composition range Or₀-Or₈₅. These values are for diffusion (801) at 1 atmosphere pressure. K-Na interdiffusion coefficients calculated from published K and Na self-diffusion coefficients and thermochemical solution data …

Intergranular Diffusion In Metamorphic Rocks, John B. Brady

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

Theoretical models of intergranular diffusion demonstrate that grain size and grain boundary width are the most important textural parameters influencing diffusion in metamorphic rocks. Taking diffusion in an aqueous solution as a limiting case for diffusion in the intergranular region of metamorphic rocks, it appears that the diffusivities of many species will be similar and relatively insensitive to variations in temperature and pressure over a wide range of metamorphic conditions. Observed variations in the mobility of chemical components during metamorphism may be related principally to variations in the ratio of the component density in the intergranular region to the component …

Cluster Analysis Of Grain Size Parameters From A Beach Ridge Complex, Cape Henry, Virginia, Amy T. Robbins, G. Richard Whittecar

OES Faculty Publications

Cape Henry is a Holocene beach ridge complex at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. Analyses of cross-cutting relationships visible on aerial photographs divide the complex into five geomorphic zones. Low, arcuate beach ridges, ornamented in places with small dunes, characterize the four oldest zones. The youngest zone consists of large irregular-shaped dunes which bury the margins of all older zones. Locations of 102 samples taken from 1 m depths on ridge crests were based upon a random stratified sampling grid covering all of Cape Henry. The use of half-phi size data generated standard sediment parameters. Weighted-pair cluster analyses of …

Mineralogy And Chemistry Of The Tuff On Pritchards Station, East-Central Nevada, Stanley Christopher Hatfield

Masters Theses

"The Tuff of Pritchards Station in east-central Nevada is a little-known ash-flow tuff of limited areal extent. A detailed study of this tuff was conducted to determine if it is a distinctive unit which can be correlated from one locality to another.

Mineralogical and chemical data indicate that the Tuff of Pritchards Station displays significant lateral variability. Lateral variations in mineralogy include changes in total crystal content and the amount and grain size of individual minerals present over the area studied. Chemically, the tuff is a quartz latite to rhyodacite in composition. However, certain elements, most noteably titanium, show considerable …

Holocene Geologic History Of The Clatsop Plains Foredune Ridge Complex, David Karl Rankin

Dissertations and Theses

This research formulated a recent geologic history of the Clatsop Plains dating from 3500 years BP to present. Research consisted of geomorphic mapping, near-surface stratigraphic evaluation, carbon dating and subsurface interpretation of available data.

Nebraska Mineral Operations Review, 1982, Raymond R. Burchett, Duane A. Eversoll

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Annual Departures From Average Annual Precipitation In Nebraska, 1850-1982, Conservation And Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Forest City Basin Maps: Lineament Map, R. R. Burchett, R. R. Anderson, L. L. Brady, K. L. Deason

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Annual Departures From Average Annual Precipitation In Nebraska, 1850-1982, Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Net Shore-Drift Of Mason County, Washington, Dana G. (Dana Genre) Blankenship

WWU Graduate School Collection

Winds from various directions cause waves which transport sediment along the shore. Over a relatively long time interval, sediment is moved in one predominant direction, which is the direction of net shore-drift. Variations in shoreline orientation cause shore drift to occur in discrete, essentially independent, drift cells.

By the specific identification of a number of established geomorphic and sedimentological shore drift indicators, drift cell boundaries can be delineated and the directions of net shore-drift determined. These indicators include changes in bluff morphology, beach width and slope, sediment-size gradation, identifiable sediment, deposition and/or erosion at shore drift obstructions, direction of spit …

Net Shore-Drift Of Pierce County, Washington, Brad D. Harp

WWU Graduate School Collection

The coastline of Pierce County, Washington, lies along the glacially scoured channels of Puget Sound. The highly crenelated coastline totals 373 km in length, with approximately 80 km contributed by five major islands and five minor islands. This study was conducted to determine the long-term net shore-drift along the Pierce County coast. Geomorphic and sedimentologic indicators were used to determine drift directions. These indicators include: direction of spit growth, change in bluff morphology and beach profile, stream diversion, sediment-size gradation, identifiable sediments (sediments from an identifiable source), and nearshore sand bar orientation. Sediment supplied to the foreshore is derived primarily …

Diatoms And Magnetic Anisotropy As Means Of Distinguishing Glacial Till From Glaciomarine Drift, Robert Crandall

WWU Graduate School Collection

Fossil diatom occurrence and anistropy of magnetic susceptibility are evaluated for their usefulness in differentiating glaclomarlne drift from till.

Fossil diatoms in Everson glaciomarine drift occur abundantly enough to be of paleoenvironmental significance only in association with in situ Serpula vermlcularia (Linne). Diatoms are generally a poor discriminator between till and glaciomarine drift. Paleoecological data suggest that, berg ice in marine water was the dominant agent of transportation for clastic particlesin Everson glaciomarine drift.

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility investigations generated a characteristic magnetic signature for each diamicton, demonstrating intrinsic differences in the petrofabrics of the two sediment types.

A Paleomagnetic Age Investigation Of Pre-Salmon Springs Drift Pleistocene Deposits In The Southern Puget Lowland, Washington, John L. (John Leo) Roland

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Pleistocene history of the southern Puget Lowland is marked by repeated invasions by the Puget Lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet. The present stratigraphic sequence is represented by four glaciations (Orting, Stuck, Salmon Springs, and Fraser) of northern provenance, separated by unconformities and two nonglacial formations (Alderton and Puyallup) of central Cascade and Mount Rainier provenances. Paleomagnetic work conducted on pre-Salmon Springs sediments at their type localities and correlative exposures in the Puyallup Valley provide evidence for the ages of the Orting Drift, Alderton Formation, Stuck Drift, and Puyallup Formation.

The silts sampled demonstrate an array of soft (unconsolidated) …

Temporal Trends In The Geochemistry And Petrology Of The 1980 Mount St. Helens Pyroclastic Flow Deposits, Robert L. Logan

WWU Graduate School Collection

Petrographic and geochemical analyses were performed on pumice from the May 18, June 12, July 22, August 7, and October 16-18 pyroclastic flow deposits. The pumice is dacitic and contains, in order of decreasing abundance, the minerals plagioclase An_30-57, hypersthene, hornblende, magnetite-illmenite, ± augite, ± apatite, in a groundmass of highly vesiculated glass and plagioclase microlites. Vesiculation occurred over a period of about one second, but at times during the eruption probably within a zone in the vent rather than at the atmosphere-magma interface.

An increase with time in the crystal to glass ratio indicates continued cooling of …

Genesis Of Gold Deposits At The Little Squaw Mines, Chandalar Mining District, Alaska, Kathryn King Ashworth

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Little Squaw gold mines are located in the Chandalar Mining District, which is in the Brooks Range, 200 miles north of Fairbanks, Alaska. Country rock in the Little Squaw area consists of Devonian clastic and volcanic rocks which were subjected to two periods of upper greenschist facies metamorphism during the Cretaceous. A penetrative schistosity developed during the first metamorphic event, and thrust faulting and the development of a non-penetrative cleavage occurred during the second.

Gold-bearing quartz veins in the Little Squaw area crystallized along high angle normal faults which post date thrust faulting and cross-cut the non-penetrative cleavage. Data …