Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Clay Mineralogy Of Late Pleistocene Sequences In Northwestern Washington And Southwestern British Columbia, Michael Arthur Hepp

WWU Graduate School Collection

Pleistocene clay-bearing sediments of parts of northwestern Wash­ington and southwestern British Coliambia were studied in an attempt to determine the clay mineral composition of these units; the origin of these clay minerals; and any correlation between clay mineral composi­tion, sediment type, location, or probable geologic history of the sediments. The Pleistocene stratigraphy of the area is fairly well known, although in some specific locations the stratigraphy has not been determined. Recorded work in the region dates back to Dawson (1887). The units studied range in age from the greater than 50,000 year old Double Bluff Drift to Holocene (Recent) river …

A Sedimentary Core Analysis Of Late Pleistocene To Recent Sediments In A Portion Of Bellingham Bay, Washington, James T. Lowe

WWU Graduate School Collection

Sub-bottom profiles and core sampling indicate that a trough-like depression below the bay near South Bellingham is a Pleistocene erosional paleotopographic surface sloping bayward from the uplandds to the east. A series of Late Pleistocene glacial till and glaciomarine deposits overlie the erosional surface and fill the depression. The glacial deposits are overlain by Recent sand and mud deposits which are rich in wood fragments and shell materials.

Bellingham Bay is basin-shaped with a deep narrow trough to the west. The Pleistocene basement is generally structureless and conforms to the bay bottom. Several trough shaped depressions which are overlain by …

Paleomagnetism Of The Snoqualmie Batholith Central Cascades, Washington, Suzanne J. Beske

WWU Graduate School Collection

Paleomagnetic results have been obtained from eight sites in the Miocene (15-18 m.y.) Snoqualmie batholith, Central Cascades, Washington. After ac magnetic cleaning, four magnetically stable sites remained, yielding a pole at 221.0°E, 84.5°N, (δ_p = 7.9, δ_m = 9.3, k = 286.4). A stability test was formulated based on the ratio of the intensity of natural remanent magnetism, NRM, (after ac demagnetization) to the weak field susceptibility. This ratio, Q_d proved effective in determining magnetically stable samples from samples showing a wide spectrum of stability from within the Snoqualmie batholith, and therefore, was strictly applied to all …

The Geology Of The Southeast Quarter Of The Bone Mountain Quadrangle, Oregon, Richard Cortland Kent

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis is a study of the geology of the southeast quarter of the Bone Mountain Quadrangle. The bedrock geology mapped includes about 56 square miles.The Klamath Mountain and Coast Range Provinces of southwestern Oregon are represented in the area. Rocks in the area include the Rogue, Dothan Riddle, Days Creek, upper member of the Umpqua and Tyee Formations. The ages of these rocks range from Late Jurassic to middle Eocene. Late Jurassic ultramafic and mafic intrusive rocks associated with the Rogue Formation occur in the Klamath Province. The metavolcanics of the Rogue Format ion and an associated linear belt …

Annotated Bibliography Of The Geology Of North Dakota, 1806-1959, Mary Woods Scott

Theses and Dissertations

References to the literature on North Dakota geology published between 1805 and 1960 are listed in this annotated bibliography. Published bibliographies on North American geology, bibliographies on geological subjects important to North Dakota, unpublished lists of references, and references cited in each entry herein were used to compile the bibliography. Each reference is provided with an annotation of its contents. A subject and geographical index and a list of serials cited are included.

Groundwater Of The Spiritwood Lake Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, Frank J. Schulte

Theses and Dissertations

The Spiritwood Lake study area is in a generally undulating to rolling glacial plain 17 miles north and east of Jamestown, North Dakota. Spiritwood Lake is about 50 feet below the surface of the bedrock plain in a former melt-water channel. In the study area, glacial drift unconformably overlies the Pierre Shale, the youngest pre-Pleistocene sediment. The boundary between the two units is marked by a zone of shattered Pierre Shale. The top of this shattered zone forms a plain of moderate relief which probably was the preglacial surface of the study area.

Two large valleys can be distinguished in …

Septic Tank Nutrients In Groundwater Entering Lake Sallie, Minnesota, David Robert Lee

Theses and Dissertations

The nutrient contribution of septic tanks to a lake was evaluated at Lake Sallie, in glacial outwash terrain of northwestern Minnesota. Groundwater entering the lake was collected by covering 0.258 m2 of lake bed with a bottomless cylinder vented to deflated plastic bag. Inflow velocity ranged from 0.01 to 2.5 micrometers per-second along 30% of the lakeshore. Groundwater inflow along an 800 m segment of shore amounted to 4.50 x 105 m3/year, and was uniformly distributed along the shore, but decreased exponentially away from shore.

Effluent from a heavily-used lakeside septic tank fanned out along the surface of the water …

Geology Of Southern Nelson County, North Dakota, Roger J. Reede

Theses and Dissertations

Southern Nelson County occupies 576 square miles in northeastern North Dakota (Twps. 149-152 N., Rgs. 57-62 W.). Its surface is mantled with glacial drift resting unconformably on the Cretaceous Pierre Shale, which is exposed along the Sheyenne River Valley and the Stump Lake Basin. The entire mantle of glacial drift is part of the Coleharbor Formation, which, in southern Nelson County, averages 45 feet thick with a maximum thickness over 200 feet. Drill-hole data and missile site excavations provide good evidence for the existence of multiple drift sheets, including layers of till separated by more than 25 feet of outwash, …

Black Magnetic Spherules From The Glacial And Sea Ice Of Fletcher's Ice Island (T-3), Richard Scattolini

Theses and Dissertations

Black magnetic spherules are particles which can be derived by ablationary processes from cosmic sources. Spherules from both the glacial ice and sea ice of Fletcher's Ice Island (T-3) were studied to determine their size distribution, sedimentation rates, and other parameters. The results were examined and shown to be similar to those of other researchers' work elsewhere.

Calculated sedimentation rates for glacial ice spherules, extrapolated for the entire earth's surface, range from 1.1 x 10⁴ to 1.1 x 10⁵ metric tons per year. Calculated sedimentation rates for sea ice spherules range from 5.0 x 10³ to 1.6 x 10⁵ metric …

The Stratigraphy And Economic Potential Of Permo-Pennsylvanian Strata In Southwestern North Dakota, Harold C. Ziebarth

Theses and Dissertations

This study of the Fermo-Pennsylvanian Minnelusa Group in North Dakota was designed to clarify the stratigraphy, illustrate association of depositional environments, and to relate the geologic history and economic potential of these strata.

The Minnelusa Group is defined here to include strata above the unconformity on the Madison and Big Snowy Groups and below the Opeche Formation. The Minnelusa Group in North Dakota contains the Tyler, Alaska Bench, Amsden and Broom Creek Formations. The Amsden has been divided into three marker defined lithozones designated, in ascending order, Medora, Dickinson, and Bismarck.

Drill and core samples were examined and described interpretively …

Stratigraphy And History Of The Sakakawea Sequence, South-Central North Dakota, William B. Bickley Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

The Sakakawea Sequence (Pleistocene) in North Dakota contains six formations that make up the Coleharbor Group (Pleistocene). The Braddock Formation (Wisconsinan) is mainly glacial sediment. The Emmons Formation (late Wisconsinan) is mainly glacial sediment. The Four Bears Formation (Wisconsinan) is mainly either fluvial or lacustrine sediment. The Coteau Formation (Holocene) is mostly fluvial, colluvial, or slough sediment. The Denbigh Formation (Holocene) is mostly eolian sediment. The Oahe Formation (late Wisconsinan and Holocene) is mostly eolian sediment (loess) The Oahe Formation is divided into three members: the Mallard Island (late Wisconsinan), Aggie Brown (latest Wisconsinan to earliest Holocene), and Riverdale (middle …

Applied Geology Of The Bismarck-Mandan Area, North Dakota, Gerald H. Groenewold

Theses and Dissertations

The Bismarck-Mandan area includes about 350 square miles located along both sides of' the Missouri River in south-central North Dakota. The area can be divided into two major physiographic divisions: the broad Missouri River floodplain and the nearly flat uplands which are dissected by minor streams. Geologic units in the area include Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sandstone, siltstone, and shale and Quaternary sand, silt, clay, and gravel.

Expansion of residential areas around the cities of Bismarck and Mandan results in conflicts in land-use between agricultural, urban, and resource development. This study consists of detailed geologic maps and a series …

Geochemical Anomalies In The Igneous Wall Rock At Mayflower Mine, Park City District, Utah, Zuhair Al-Shaieb

Doctoral Dissertations

"Approximately 500 samples were collected from the igneous wall rock of the Mayflower Mine, Park City District, Utah. The mine is the sixth largest gold producer in the United States. The samples were analyzed for copper lead, zinc silver, manganese, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Gold was determined by neutron activation analysis, silicon and sulfur by x-ray fluorescence spectrometery. The calculation of the mineral norm from the chemical analysis showed the wall rock to be of granodioritic composition. A study of selected vein samples indicates that the copper, silver and gold content in the veins …

Stratigraphy, Genesis, And Economic Potential Of The Southern Part Of The Florida Land-Pebble Phosphate Field, Dean Stanley Clark

Doctoral Dissertations

"The important and highly productive Florida land-pebble phosphate field is located in west central peninsular Florida in portions of Hillsborough, Polk, Hardee, and Manatee counties. The Pine Level phosphate area, described in detail in this report, is south of the previously known and mined deposits and occurs in portions of Manatee, Sarasota, and De Soto counties. Results of the current geologic study of the Pine Level phosphate deposit and the evaluation of the overall potential of this southern part of the land-pebble field are presented.

The entire southern part of the phosphate field is underlain by more than 15,000 feet …

The Mio-Eugeosynclinal Thrust Interface And Related Petroleum Implications In The Sason-Baykan Area, Southeast Turkey, Ismail Özkaya

Doctoral Dissertations

"A detailed investigation of the stratigraphy, structure and petroleum geology of the Sason-Baykan region in 600 square km area of the thrust belt of southeast Turkey was completed at a scale 1: 25 000. Geosynclinal sediments within the area were redated.

Results of field study indicate a massive plate of metamorphic rocks and crystalline limestones was thrust southward over geosynclinals sediments. These in turn were thrust over the southern marginal basin deposits. A stratigraphic sequence of the allochthonous geosynclinals sediments was reconstructed and correlated with the autochthonous Tertiary section. Contrary to earlier views the allochthonous sediments and accompanying igneous rocks …

Wall Rock Geochemistry Of The Chester Vein, Sunshine Mine, Kellogg, Idaho, Nicholas Howard Tibbs

Doctoral Dissertations

"The Chester vein has been the major source of ore from the Sunshine mine, largest single producer of silver in the world. 425 samples of quartzite and argillite wall rocks were collected in 13 traverses across this vein on the 4400, 4600, and 4800 mining levels. These samples were analyzed for aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, manganese, iron, lead, copper, and zinc by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and for silicon and sulfur by x-ray emission spectroscopy. Element distribution plots, linear correlation coefficient matrices, varimax factor analysis, and cluster analysis were employed to determine the geochemical processes that occurred in the wall …

Trend Surface Analysis As An Aid In Exploration For Mississippi Valley Type Ore Deposits, John Siegfried Trapp

Doctoral Dissertations

"The conditions necessary for emplacement of Mississippi Valley-type mineral deposits can be expressed using mathematical symbols as a function of the pre-depositional topography of the host formation and post-depositional structure. These conditions can be observed and analyzed in the Missouri region from residual maps of trend surface analysis of the Precambrian surface. In areas where the topography prior to deposition of the ore bearing horizon has been strongly altered by the deposition of the basal Paleozoic formation the Lamotte Formation residual maps from trend surface analysis of the top of the Lamotte better illustrate these conditions. The Lamotte Formation in …

A Geochemical Reconnaissance Of Puerto Rican Beach Sands, Louis Meinecke Iii

Masters Theses

"Twenty-four beach sand samples from the island of Puerto Rico were collected in 1964 by Dr. Ernst Bolter as part of a radiometric survey conducted by him. These samples were given to the author in 1969 for chemical analysis.

The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a geochemical reconnaissance study of the beach sands in order to determine the geochemical background and possible anomalies. This information could aid in offshore mineral exploration and source area determination.

This thesis presents the results of a quantitative chemical analysis for copper, lead, zinc, iron, manganese, aluminum, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium …

Time-Series Study Of The Foreshore Zone In A Non-Tidal Environment, Randall Thomas Kerhin

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Use Of Groundwater For Irrigation In 1970: Hamilton And York Counties, Ne, Eugene K. Steele Jr.

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Precambrian Geology Of The Central Nacimiento Mountains, Sandoval County, New Mexico, Kent Richard Reed

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The oldest Precambrian rocks in the area of study are represented by abundant inclusions and schlieren of horn­blendite, plagioclase-hornblende schist, and plagioclase-­hornblende-biotite schist. These inclusions are remnants of a pre-batholithic metamorphic terrane.

The next oldest, and dominant rock in the central Nacimiento Mountains is gneiss that ranges in composition from quartz monzonite to granodiorite. Where strongly sheared, the rock is microcline-biotite-quartz-plagioclase schist. Gradational zones of schist within the gneiss were mapped separately. The gneiss and the schist are cut by metamor­phosed spessartite dikes and by leucocratic dikes of various textures and compositions.

Intruding the gneiss in the southeastern part of …

Gravity Investigations Over A Salt Structure Near Lübbecke, Northern Germany, Reinhard K. Frohlich

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A detailed gravity survey was conducted parallel to the “Wiehengebirge” northwest of Minden in Northern Germany. The survey localized between Liibbecke and Levern a salt deposit, which is known as “Münder Mergel” salt of the Upper Jurassic. The salt deposit forms a cylindrical structure with an axis striking NWW. With a deep drill hole detailed interpretation was possible using the polygon method of TALWANI, WORZEL and LANDISMAN [1959], The section shapes of salt bodies under eight profiles show asymmetrical figures of two salt units. Both increase in thickness strongly to the northeast, where the salt is interrupted by a fault …

Geology Of The Rammel Mountain Area, Teton County, Wyoming, David W. Love

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The Rammel Mountain area, on the west side of the Teton Range, Wyoming, includes Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks; Paleozoic sandstone, shale, dolomite and limestone; and Cenozoic conglomerate, agglomerate and breccia, ash-flow tuffs and glacial deposits.

The Precambrian layered gneiss, granitic gneiss and migmatite have undergone at least two episodes of deformation and metamorphism in the sillimanite-cordierite-muscovite-almandine subfacies of the Abukuma-type facies series prior to the emplacement of quartz monzonite. Dia-base dikes, quartz-epidote and epidote veins transect these earlier rocks.

The Cambrian-Mississippian shelf-facies rocks were folded, faulted and eroded to a plain in Late Cretaceous time and were buried by …

Structure, Stratigraphy, And Ore Deposits Of The Central Nacimiento Mountains, New Mexico, William H. Kaufman

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The mapped area is in Sandoval and Rio Arriba Counties, New Mexico, 3 mi southeast of Cuba and includes the eastern margin of the San Juan Basin and the western margin of the Nacimiento Mountains. The emphasis of this report is on the stratigraphy, structure, and ore deposits of this area.

The Precambrian quartz monzonite basement rock is non-conformably overlain by approximately 6000 ft of sedimentary rocks, which range in age from Pennsylvanian to Cretaceous. The Pennsylvanian Madera Formation is predominantly marine limestone and is overlain by the clastic Permian Abo and Yeso Formations. A maximum of 1050 ft of …

Metallogenic Zones In The Eastern Black Sea – Minor Caucasus Regions And Distinguishing Features Of Their Metallogeny, Svetislav Pejatovig

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Publications Of The Mineral Research And Exploration Institute Of Turkey, - -

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Umr Journal: Alaska -- Its Mineral Potentials And Environmental Challenges, University Of Missouri--Rolla

UMR Journal -- V. H. McNutt Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Arctic Ecology: A Decade Of Experience, John F. Schindler

UMR Journal -- V. H. McNutt Colloquium Series

A quick glance at the title of this presentation and the reader braces himself for another antipollution or “save-the-sod” type of discourse that has become so popular these days. I do not wish to detract from the importance or the need for such efforts but I would like to address myself to the the broader meaning of the term.

Ecology--the word comes from the Greek root “oikos” which means house or household. What I’d like to do is to tell you about this “house” I’ve been living in for the past 10 years.

The Environmental Challenges Facing Taps, A. V. Cardin

UMR Journal -- V. H. McNutt Colloquium Series

Before the potential benefits of the recent oil discoveries on the North Slope of Alaska can be realized, the oil must be transported to refining and marketing areas. The Alyeska Pipeline Service Company has the responsibility for the first step in this transportation—to design and construct the Trans Alaska Pipeline System. We will pipe the oil from the discovery areas near Prudhoe Bay to an ice-free, deep-sea tanker loading terminal at Valdez of the South Coast of Alaska. From Valdez the oil will be transported to the West Coast by tankers. This is the most feasible system of a number …

The Environmental Challenges Of Alaskan Mineral Development, Earl T. Hayes

UMR Journal -- V. H. McNutt Colloquium Series

To meet the challenges and to develop Alaska as a source of mineral and fuel resources that are essential to all of us, we must conduct the research and planning necessary to see that the environment is not abused. We cannot allow ourselves the luxury of thinking that we alone know what is best for Alaska. We must strive for cooperation -- cooperation between government and industry; between Federal and State governments; between the doer and the dreamer; and between the engineer and the ecologist. Remember, the quality of what we do today will determine the quality of Alaska in …