Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Comparison Of An Improved Plankton Sampler To The Standard Conical Plankton Net, Ronald S. Schmidt

OES Theses and Dissertations

A comparison of field and tank tests between the standard conical plankton net and an improved version of a plankton sampler is presented. The improved sampler was shown to filter larger quantities of water than the standard net without having the filtration efficiency reduced below 85%. The improved sampler was also shown to capture an increased number of plankton per volume sampled, as a result of eliminating increased avoidance activity by zooplankton. It was not shown that. the improved sampler capture either larger maximum sizes of zooplankton or additional species.

Investigation Of Eddy Population And Motion In The Southern International Ice Patrol Operations Area (40°-47°N By 40°-55°W), Frank J. Williams

OES Theses and Dissertations

A study of the eddy population in the Newfoundland Basin region over the period from November 1981 to December 1984 was conducted. The study was undertaken to demonstrate the importance and basic character of eddy motion in the area patrolled by the International Ice Patrol. This is a descriptive study and no rigorous mathematical solutions are attempted. Data was collected on the number of eddies in the area, their average duration and size, formation, migration and deterioration patterns and rotational velocity. Satellite infrared imagery maintained by National Weather Service and Naval Eastern Oceanographic Center, Canadian Forces METOC Center sea surface …

The Equatorial Pacific High-Productivity Belt: Elements For A Synthesis Of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 85 Resultspaleoceanography, Fritz Theyer, Larry A. Mayer, John A. Barron, Ellen Thomas

Affiliate Scholarship

Leg 85 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project operated in the eastern central Pacific in the region of the equatorial highproductivity belt. We recovered uppermost Eocene to Quaternary reference sections amenable to fine-scale stratigraphic and paleoceanographic research, using primarily the hydraulic piston corer. Four sites (572 to 575) were drilled along an east-west (about 114 to 133°W) and north-south (about 0.5 to 6°N) transect across the equatorial belt. At Site 572 an apparently complete lower middle Miocene to Quaternary sequence was recovered: the sediment sections are dominantly siliceous-calcareous oozes and chalks, and sediment accumulation rates were high (30 to 60 …

Chemistry And Apparent Quality Of Surface Water And Ground Water Associated With Coal Basins, R. B. Stroud, J. L. Spellman, R. R. Potts, A. J. Oakley

Technical Reports

Personnel of the Arkansas Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute conducted preliminary investigations on the chemistry and quality of surface and ground water associated with 12 coal-bearing sub-basins in the Arkansas Valley coal field. The coal field is approximately 60 miles long and 33 miles wide but only in 12 areas coal is thick enough and has proper quality to be termed commercial. Both surface and underground sample sites were established in each of the sub-basins with some minor variations in four areas where not all types of sites could be located. Water was collected from 19 surface points and …

Institutional Arrangements And Financing Alternatives For State And Local Water Programs, Joseph A. Ziegler

Technical Reports

This study analyzes alternative institutional arrangements and financing alternatives for water projects at the state and local levels with particular emphasis on Arkansas. Because most water projects are financed with debt it concentrates on alternatives which can reduce the cost of debt and/or result in more efficient use of existing facilities. Specific state options considered include grants, loans, revolving funds, debt guarantee, bond insurance, bond bank, statutory and regulatory reform of water laws and water-related institutions, and planning and technical assistance. Specific local options include use of taxes and bonds including creative financing, user fees, leasing, privitization, and financial planning.

Optimal Allocation And Scheduling Of Irrigation Water For Cotton And Soybeans, M. J. Cochran, L. D. Parsch, J. M. Redfern, H. D. Scott

Technical Reports

This study evaluated alternative irrigation scheduling strategies for cotton and soybean production on Sharkey clay soils in southeast Arkansas. Strategies were ranked on the basis of two basic criteria: expected net revenue and risk efficiency. Risk efficiency was defined for different risk preferences using stochastic dominance techniques. Preferred strategies for cotton employed tensiometer thresholds between -.45 atm and -.75 atm. Risk efficient soybean irrigation strategies varied with the degree of risk aversion--more risk averse decision makers prefer strategies with lower thresholds.

Demonstrations Of Arkansas' Water Management Simulator, Leslie E. Mack

Technical Reports

One of the larger stumbling blocks to comprehensive water management is the lack of public understanding of the multitude of variables that operate at the same time within the hydrologic cycle. With more public understanding, there is greater public support for various water projects. Dr. John R. Amend from Montana State University developed a water management simulator which could handle a large number of variables simultaneously of natural surface and groundwater flow plus a number of water use variables on an accelerated time sequence. By using several remote control devices, participants can "control" their water use but have no control …

Qualitative And Quantitative Aquatic Algal Data Compilation To Determine Macrotrends, Richard L. Meyer

Technical Reports

A data base of the algae of Arkansas has been initiated by the selection of a relational data base management system. The system was chosen to be readily available for microcomputers using MS- or PC-DOS. The initial parameters chosen for entry are associated with the classification of the organisms from Class to the Variety level with author and year of initiation. Further annotation includes identification source. Presently, the data base of 1,162 taxa includes 226 Cyanophyceae, 367 Chlorophyceae, 124 Euglenophyceae, 26 Xanthophyceae, 81 Chryso- phyceae, 279 Bacillariophyceae, 33 Pyrrhophyceae, 14 Cryptophyceae, and 5 Rhodophyceae. These taxa are sortable by any …

Analyses Of Groundwater For Trace Levels Of Pesticides, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, T. C. Cavalier

Technical Reports

Agricultural production is a major source of revenue in Arkansas. In order to increase productivity, it has been necessary to rely increasingly on the use of pesticides and irrigation water. In the last 15 years several states have reported finding pesticides in groundwater as a result of normal agricultural practices. Since almost half of the population also relies on groundwater as their source of drinking water, it is necessary to conduct research as to ascertain the presence or absence of commonly used pesticides in groundwater. Multi residue analytical techniques were developed for the analysis of acifluorfen, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, diuron, …

The Behavior Of Soluble Salt In Sharkey Clay, J. T. Gilmour, J. A. Ferguson, H. D. Scott, R. E. Baser

Technical Reports

Soluble salt problems do exist and are significant in Arkansas. Studies have been conducted on Crowley silt loam (Typic Albaqualfs) which have established the behavior of soluble salt in that soil. The major objective of this study was to quantify the behavior of soluble salt in a second important Mississippi River Delta soil - the Sharkey (Vertic Haplaquepts). To this end, estimation of the downward redistribution of salt and the estimation of various components of the water balance for this soil served as specific objectives. Field studies were designed to monitor the movement of salt in the Sharkey soil and …

Development Of Optimal Sustained Yield Groundwater Withdrawal Strategies For The Boeuf-Tensas Basin In Arkansas, Richard C. Peralta, Bithin Datta, Jamal Solaimanian, Paul J. Killian, Amin Yazdanian

Technical Reports

The goal of this study ia to develop sustained yield pumping (discharge via wells) strategies for the Boeuf-Tensaa Basin area. The demarkation of the Boeut-Tensas area is described in the Arkansas State Vater Plan (Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. 1984). The Boeuf-Teneas Basin ia a highly developed agricultural region located in the southeast corner of Arkansas. Hydrogeologically. it is part of the Bayou Bartholomew/Alluvial Aquifer System (Broom and Reed. 1973). Before describing the Boeuf-Tensas Basin, the Bayou Bartholomew region should be discussed.

Iron And Copper Enrichment Of Suspended Particles In Dispersed Hydrothermal Plumes Along The Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, John H. Trefry, Robert P. Trocine, Gary P. Klinkhammer, Peter A. Rona

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Particulate Fe and Cu concentrations are used in conjunction with dissolved Mn values to identify hydrothermal venting at several sites along the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR). In dispersed hydrothermal plumes, as defined by dissolved Mn anomalies, suspended matter Fe and Cu values were as high as 15.8% and 1100 µg/g respectively, relative to Al at 1.7%. Suspended matter Fe and Cu values correlate well with dissolved Mn concentrations, tracing the intensity of dispersed plumes. In contrast with Fe and Cu, particulate Mn values in vent plumes were low at 700‐1200 µg/g. Calculated (Al + Fe + Mn)/Al ratios for MAR particles …

A Water Quality Element For The Extension Of The Salt Ponds Special Area Management Plan To Quonochontaug, Winnapaug (Brightmans) And Maschaug Ponds, Clarkson A. Collins

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Salt Ponds Project scientific research and management efforts were designed to address the management issues typical to barrier beach-lagoon systems. It was anticipated that the finds of the project would be applied to the management of similar estuarine systems in Rhode Island and elsewhere. This paper presents findsings and recommendations relating to water quality and land use for the watersheds of Quonochontaug Pond, Winnapaug Pond, and Maschaug Ponds. With the inclusion of these waterbodies into the SAM Plan framework, all of the barrier beach-coastal lagoon ecosystems of the south shore will come under a plan specifically designed to protect …

The Frontal Hydraulic Head: A Micro-Α Scale (~1 Km) Triggering Mechanism For Mesoconvective Weather Systems, M. A. Shapiro, Tamara Hampel, Doris Rotzoll, F. Mosher

Publications

Measurements from the NOAA Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) 300 m tower, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Sabreliner aircraft, and the NOAA GOES-5 satellite, give evidence for the cross-front scale collapse of nonprecipitating surface cold-frontal zones to horizontal distances of ∼1 km or less. The leading edges of these frosts possess the characteristic structure of density current flows: an elevated hydraulic head followed by a turbulent wake. Vertical motions at the frontal heads exceed 5 m s−1 at 300 m (AGL). The ascent at the frontal head may act as a (∼1 km-scale) triggering mechanism for the release of …

The Apparent Dissociation Constants Of Carbonic Acid In Low Salinity Waters, Ching-Hui Hsu

OES Theses and Dissertations

The first and second apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in artificial seawater and diluted artificial seawater, K₁ ' and K₂ 1 were determined at selected combinations of temperatures and salinities between 2 to 30° C and 0 to 35 o/oo with special attentions to waters with salinities below 20 o/oo at atmospheric pressure by measuring K₁ ' and the product of K₁ ' and K₂.

The results can be expressed as functions of temperature and salinity by the following equations, pK₁ '=3360.206T^-1 +0. 033331 T-14.8303-0.09633x (Cl^1/2) pK₂ '=14911.671 …

Projections Of Agricultural And Fish And Wildlife Water Demand In The Ouachita River Basin: A Linear Programming Approach, Mark J. Cochran, Mike Tessaro, J. Martin Redfern, Larry Childress, E. Moye Rutledge, Rob Raskin, Robert N. Shulstad

Technical Reports

The availability of an abundant water supply has been a major resource of the Ouachita River Basin. In recent years, water requirements for a number of uses have increased, raising the concern that future water shortages could occur in the basin. The purpose of the study reported here was to estimate future water demand for irrigation, commercial fisheries, and fish and wildlife uses.

Pollution In The Mediterranean: A Regional Response, Antony O. Heimer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea has been an issue of significant political, economic and environmental concern for more than a decade. It has more recently become a regional issue with politically diverse coastal states and a wide variety of international agencies implementing cooperative programs of scientific research, education and training, planning, and treaty drafting. Being a regional issue, the pollution problem has facilitated discussions between nations on several levels and governments have found it politically advantageous to use the issue for a variety of purposes.This paper will provide an overview of the Mediterranean pollution problem, covering the nature of the …

Approaches To Development And Extension Of Capture Technologies For Developing Small Scale Fisheries, Stephen C. Drew

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Over half the world's supply of fish for human consumption is produced by small scale fisheries. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on improvement of small scale fisheries in developing countries. In spite of substantial investments, and the arduous labor of many competent, well-intentioned people, the success rates of small scale fisheries development projects have not been encouraging. This paper will discuss two types of project approaches which have been used in small scale fisheries development, with examples of the challenges and problems they have encountered. A description of the Appropriate Technology Adaptive Research, Development, and Extension (ATARDE) …

The Feasibility Of A Zone Of Peace, P. R. Kendrick

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Starting in 1964 there has been a movement to declare the Indian Ocean a "Zone of Peace." In an age when many in the world feel threatened by the potential of nuclear holocaust this is not striking in and of itself. What the Zone of Peace proposal provides is more valuable than the actual resolution. Empirically, it is obvious that nuclear free zones and peace zones have little validity. Historically, the weak have been vanquished by the powerful; their proclaimed neutrality notwithstanding. Consequently, a study of the peace movement in the Indian ocean may be utilized to investigate why proclamations …

The Seasonal Pattern Of Shipping Freight Rates, Wathanachai Raunglerdpanyagul

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper reviews the behavior of shipping freight rate by using the freight index as an proxy variable. A proxy variable is the one that is a substitute to the intended one because it is difficult to obtain. It was found that a seasonal pattern in the freight rate exists, but no specific estimated pattern of the seasonal variation was found. Generally, tramp freight rates rise above average level from February or March to June or July, and from September or October to December or January. The tanker freight rate, which differs from the tramp freight rate, has only one …

Hydrodynamic And Water Quality Measurements In The Appomattox River : A Report To The City Of Petersburg, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.

Lessons Learned From The Csis [Centralized Storm Information System] (Appendix D), Frederick R. Mosher, Joseph T. Schaefer

Publications

Various attempts have been made to give up-to-the-minute meteorological observations to forecasters. However, the meteorologist's inability to assimilate all the real-time data is a significant barrier to the improvement of short-term forecasts and warnings. Historically, failure to resolve this problem has plagued mesoscale forecast experiments. This article discusses the joint effort of NWS, NESS, NASA, and SSEC to develop a system to aid the forecaster in evaluating data.

Impacts Of Interactive Processing Systems On The Forecasting Ability Of The National Severe Storms Forecast Center (Appendix E), Frederick R. Mosher

Publications

The National Severe Storms Forecast Center (NSSFC) in Kansas City has the most modern interactive processing equipment of any operational forecast office in the United States. As such, the experiences of the NSSFC serve as the indication of some of the benefits which will be derived from interactive technology when it is applied in other forecast situations. The forecast products issued by the NSSFC have become more accurate and more timely. The forecaster's efficiency and productivity has noticeably improved. These improvements have been made without the introduction of any new data sources, any major advances in meteorology, or any major …

Water Quality Management Strategies For Beaver Reservoir, Richard L. Meyer, W. Reed Green

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Foraminiferal Paleoenvironments Of The Eastover Formation (Upper Miocene Virginia), Joann H. Goshorn

OES Theses and Dissertations

Sixty-two taxa representing 29 genera from 39 foraminiferal sample pairs have been documented and analyzed in a paleoenvironmental study of the Eastover Formation in southeastern Virginia. The Eastover Formation consists of a lower Claremont Manor Member, a silt fine-grained sand and an upper Cobham Bay Member, a shelly fine grained sand. Planktonic specimens were rare and indicated a late Miocene to early Pliocene age for the Eastover Formation. Benthics were used to interpret paleoenvironments by comparison with data from the distribution of Recent foraminifera, species diversity, planktonic to benthic ratios, and sediment analyses. The foraminifera indicate that the Eastover Formation …

Functional And Performance Requirements Of The Next Noaa-Kansas City Computer System (Appendix G), Frederick R. Mosher

Publications

The NOAA computer system in Kansas City, Missouri, was scheduled for a computer upgrade and this is part of the report listing the critical functional and performance requirements for that system in 1984. The system needed to communicate with all the other offices at that center in Kansas City.

Using An Ice Core To Characterize The Climatic History Of Antarctica, Paul Andrew Mayewski, W. B. Lyons

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Between 20 November and 14 December 1984, a remote tent camp was operated in the Dominion Range (center point, 85° 15' S 166° 10 'E) on an ice-covered massif located at the confluence of the heads of the Beardmore and Mill Glaciers in the Transantarctic Mountains. The camp was occupied by four members of the Glacier Research Group (University of New Hampshire) and three members of the Polar lee Coring Office (PICO) (University of Nebraska). The main task at the site was to retrieve an ice core from which chemical and physical time series will be made available to help …

Ua37/30/2 Wku Research Notecards - H Topics, Lowell Harrison

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

Notecards created by Lowell Harrison while researching his book Western Kentucky University. The cards transcribed are for 108 topics beginning with H ranging from Hail Storm to Hundred Club.

Weed Seed Ecology., A. H. Cheam

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Emergence of weed seedlings from different soil depths. 82MT49, Mt Barker Research Station. 83MT4, Mt Barker Research Station. 82NR12, Northam Research Station. 83NR2, Northam Research Station. 82C37, Chapman Research Station. 83C3, Chapman Research Station. Longevity of buried weed seeds. 82MT50, Mt Barker Research Station. 83MT5, Mt Barker Research Station. 82NR13, Northam Research Station. 83NR3, Northam Research Station. 82C38, Chapman Research Station. 83C4, Chapman Research Station. Emergence of weed seedlings in relation to soil type and cultivation. 82PE32, South Perth. Emergence and fate of weed seeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed compacted soil. 84C49, Chapman Research Station. 84MT62, Mt …

The Ecology Of Skeleton Weed In Western Australia, Afghan Thistle Ecology, Reproductive Biology Of Gorteria Personata., J. Dodd

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. The ecology of skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Western Australia. Seed production and water use in the glasshouse, 84PE18. Seed production and water use by field-grown skeleton weed, 84BA17, 84BA18. Seedling root growth 85PE54 2. Afghan thistle (Solanum hoplpetalm) ecology Winter rosette survival 84N050. Regenerative ability of S. hoplopetalum, 85PE51. 3. Reproductive biology of Gorteria personata. Gorteria personata Floral biology Seed content of burrs