Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Frontal Regions Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Richard V. Lacouture

OES Theses and Dissertations

The spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton was measured in relation to frontal areas located in the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. Phytoplankton biomass, taxonomy, and several physical parameters were measured on fifteen sampling cruises between September,1981 and February, 1983.

Several statistical tests revealed that phytoplankton biomass did not accumulate at the fronts and that generally the distribution of phytoplankton biomass was homogenous across the frontal region. The cell count data indicated that the community structure of the phytoplankton assemblage was usually very similar on both sides of the front. The data which was concerned with temporal variations in the …

The Effect Of Sea Nettle Abundance On The Food Chain Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Michael Glenn Kelly

OES Theses and Dissertations

The significance of sea nettle abundance on lower levels of the Chesapeake Bay food chain was examined in a field study and by the analysis of medusa gut contents. In the field study, the abundance of four levels of the food chain (Chlorophyll (a), copepods, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, and the Schyphomedusa Chrysaora guinguecirrha) were monitored twice weekly at four stations from May 10 through September 30, 1982. The copepod standing stock declined sharply in late May when M. leidyi appeared, but rebounded a month later when C. guinguecirrha medusae reduced the ctenophore population. Despite the additional presence …

Mattaponi River Slack Water Data Report : Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, 1970 - 1980, T. J. Brooks

Reports

This report contains station locations, survey schedules, field procedures, sample handling procedures, and data reduction and storage procedures. In addition, 9 years of contoured temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data is presented.

Postmarsupial Development And Growth Of Pagurapseudes Largoensis Mcsweeny (Crustacea, Tanaidacea), Charles G. Messing

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Postmarsupial development of the gastropod shell-inhabiting tanaidacean Pagurapseudes largoensis McSweeny is described and compared with that of Heterotanais oerstedii (Krøyer) and Neotanais micromopher Gardiner. This is the first such study of an apseudomorphan based on experimentally reared animals. P. largoensis is gonochoristic; two manca instars are typical of all tanaidaceans so far investigated. In females, the mancas are followed by two or possibly three juvenile instars (=neutra), one or two preparatory instars characterized by rudimentary oostegites, and a copulatory stage with complete marsupium. Laboratory maintained animals pass through up to three copulatory stages, each separated by a preparatory stage of …

Rappahannock River Slack Water Data Report: Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen 1970-1980, T. J. Brooks

Reports

This report contains station locations, survey schedules, field procedures, sample handling procedures, and data reduction and storage procedures. In addition, 11 years of contoured temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data is presented.

Volume 7, Number 7 (July 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Modeling Surface And Subsurface Stormflow On Steeply-Sloping Forested Watersheds, Patrick G. Sloan, Ian D. Moore, George B. Coltharp, Joseph D. Eigel

KWRRI Research Reports

A simple conceptual rainfall-runoff model, based on the variable source area concept, was developed for predicting runoff from small, steep-sloped, forested Appalachian watersheds. Tests of the model showed that the predicted and observed daily discharges were in good agreement. The results demonstrate the ability of the model to simulate the "flashy" hydrologic behavior of these watersheds.

Five subsurface flow models were evaluated by application to existing data measured at Coweeta on a reconstructed homogeneous forest soil. The five models were: Nieber 's 2-D and 1-D finite element models (based on Richards' equation), the kinematic wave equation, and two simple storage …

The Relationship Of Size Class Distribution To Migratory Behavior In Brown Shrimp (Penaeus Aztecus) In Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, Mario A. Paula

OES Theses and Dissertations

The potential of migratory timing information for dynamic yield estimation in the North Carolina brown shrimp fishery has been shown. The present research investigates the influence of size class distribution on the quantitative characterization of migratory timing in the brown shrimp. Catch and nominal effort data were stratified into count size ranges and the time density model of Mundy (1979) was specified for each stratum. The recruitment patterns of the shrimp into the fishery was also investigated.

The stratification of time densities by size class has shown a definite pattern in the migratory behavior of the brown shrimp. It appears …

Simultaneous Functional Hermaphroditism In The Shrimp Hippolysmata Wurdemanni (Gibbes) (Decopoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae), Marie Hollister Bundy

OES Theses and Dissertations

The caridean shrimp Hippolysmata wurdemanni Gibbes was studied from a histological and a behavioral basis and was found to be a protandric hermaphrodite which later adopts simultaneous functional hermaphroditism. When the animal reaches a certain size, the androgenic gland degenerates, the male secondary sexual characteristics are lost, and vitellogenesis occurs in the anterior portion of the gonad. The animals do not lose the ability to function as males as evidenced by the presence of mature sperm in the gonad and the gonadal lumen of gravid shrimp, and the ability of both members of an isolated pair of shrimp to repeatedly …

The Growth And Feeding Behavior Of Juvenile Spot, Leiostomus Xanthurus Lacepede, In The Nursery Region Of The James River, Virginia, John Thomas Mccambridge Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

The in situ growth and feeding behavior of juvenile spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede, was investigated for populations in the nursery area of the James River, Virginia. Growth of juvenile spot was found to be fairly rapid (11.34 mm/month, standard length) during their first summer in the nursery grounds, but it levelled off in the autumn. The mean size of spot after the first year was calculated to be 195 mm total length. The weight-length relationship was log W = -5.018 + 3.246(log L), where W = wet weight in grams and L = standard length in millimeters.

Juvenile spot appeared …

The Effect Of Crowding On Growth Of The Cichlid Fish, Oreochromis Mossambicus, Bonnie A. Barrows

OES Theses and Dissertations

It has been reported that the Java tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, displays hypersensitivity to a substance it produces when biomass levels in a flow-through culture system exceed 20 g/1, resulting in reduced growth and high mortality. Experiments on the growth of this species in small tanks were conducted in order to determine whether O. mossambicus produces a growth-inhibiting compound under crowded conditions. This species was successfully maintained at biomass levels of 38 g/1 and 57 g/1 with a total mortality of only 4.5%.

The Java tilapia can grow rapidly in small aquaria, as indicated by the data taken during Experiment …

A Model Of The Population Dynamics Of The Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, Betty Springer Hester

OES Theses and Dissertations

This study has particular application to the blue crab fisheries in Chesapeake Bay, an economically important industry whose successful management has been hindered by relatively poor understanding of the population dynamics. Recent biological studies have indicated a systematic spawning behavior which seems designed for ejection of larvae seaward from the bay entrance where they spend their pre-metamorphosis stages in the neuston. A physical mechanism for retention of the larvae in sufficient proximity to the bay entrance for their return at the proper time which involves the action of wind stress in shallow waters is proposed. Since the supply of blue …

Volume 7, Number 6 (June 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Study To Reduce Trihalomethane Precursors In Little Rock Drinking Water By Combined Alum Coagulation-Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment, Ali U. Shaikh

Technical Reports

Studies have been conducted to evaluate powdered activated carbon (PAC) as an agent for controlling trihalomethanes in drinking water. Laboratory studies indicate that PAC is highly efficient in removing free trihalomethanes in water within a few hours. The removal efficiency of humic acid, a known THM precursor, by PAC is considerably less. However, longer treatment time can remove the precursors quite significantly. Humic substances in surface water samples can also be removed by PAC.

The Law Of The Sea: International Law Implications Of The U.S. Refusal To Sign The Treaty, Richard D. Coogan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study is undertaken to show the impact of the international law aspects of the Law of the Sea Treaty as they relate to the U.S. failure to sign the Treaty. The U.S. has embarked on a course of action, by its refusal to sign the Treaty, that can have major impact on day-to-day national policy issues as they relate to international law governing a state's behavior. The U.S., in refusing to sign the Treaty because of the deep seabed provisions, and yet claiming other provisions as reflecting customary law, is probably correct as viewed in today's realities.

The Effect Of The Endangered Species Act Of 1973, Robert Palmer Yankle Ii

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Scrimshaw, as an art form, had just recently risen a few notches above the state of obscurity. There are still millions of Americans who probably know nothing about it. Inextricably linked with the whaling industry for years, the scrimshaw industry has recently undergone a remarkable transition. When whaling ended in the United States, scrimshaw moved ashore and some people found out that there was a great deal of money to be made in the scrimshaw business. but with the passage of the Marine Mammals Protection Act in 1973, scrimshanders found themselves being tightly regulated by the Federal government. This paper …

Artificial Floating Islands: Cities Of The Future, Earl A. Proetzel

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This report will investigate the feasibility of large-scale artificial floating islands, to solve problems posed by over-population and environment-burdening activities in coastal areas. The investigation will focus on the historic, technical, utilizable and legal aspects of artificial floating islands. Although this report exemplifies artificial floating islands developed for offshore cities, electrical power generation and basing for the military, its content is applicable to any offshore floating development.

Volume 7, Number 5 (May 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Sewage Pollution In The White River, Arkansas On Benthos And Leaf Detritus Decomposition, Arthur V. Brown, Lawrence D. Willis, Peter P. Brussock

Technical Reports

Recently there has been much emphasis placed on the importance of leaf detritus processing to the energetics of stream invertebrates. This study was designed primarily to assess the effects of municipal effluent on the ability of a stream community to utilize leaf detritus, and secondarily to evaluate the extent of the pollution of the White River by the Fayetteville, Arkansas effluent discharge. Physical and chemical water quality, benthos, and fish were sampled periodically at one station upstream and two stations downstream from the discharge, and in the Richland Creek tributary. Processing of leaf detritus was studied at each site using …

A Practical Guide To Admiralty Law For The Seagoing Naval Officer, John Edward Walters

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Daily there are hundreds of United States Navy vessels operating in foreign, international and domestic waters. The knowledge of admiralty law possessed by the officers on these vessels is extremely limited. Prospective Commanding Officers of Navy vessels are trained in areas of international and maritime law, but not in cases involving admiralty. If a United States naval vessel is involved in an admiralty incident, the only recourse the Commanding Officer has is to contact his superior and wait for word from the Staff Judge Advocate representative. It is not necessary for Commanding Officers to be experts on admiralty matters in …

An Examination Of The Ability Of The U.S. Merchant Marine To Perform Its Mission During Peacetime And Various Contingency Situations, Paul Michael Molloy

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The maritime transportation industry is an extremely important one for the United States today. Strategic materials are mostly carried by ships; thus, our economy, and to some extent our national defense, depend on the secure and efficient operation of the maritime transportation industry. Anything which could adversely impact on the continued operation of shipping is a matter of grave concern. The hypothesis of this paper is that the U.S. Merchant Marine is currently unable to perform its peacetime or wartime mission. The methodology will be to examine the missions to be performed by the Merchant Marine during the different situations …

U.S. Flag Merchant Vessels For The Future: Many Requirements For A Limited Resource, Donald R. Ditko

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Decline in military useful ships is one indication of the general decline in the U.S. merchant marine since the massive Liberty and Victory programs of World War II. As the statistics in Part II will show, the U.S. flag merchant marine is facing possible nonexistence if a resurgence is not realized within this decade. Numbers of ships is only a small part of a complicated problem, however. A more serious question is the idea of a militarily useful hull.

Chemistry Of The Springs Of The Ozark Mountains, Northwestern Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

Three lead-zinc mineralized areas of northern Arkansas were selected to study the effect of mineralization on ground water chemistry. The Ponca area has the largest amount of lead sulfide mineralization, the Zinc area has a significant amount of zinc silicate and zinc sulfide; whereas, the Rush area has zinc carbonate and zinc sulfide. A total of 143 samples were collected from these areas and analyzed for general water chemistry parameters including heavy metal The water quality of the area is generally good; however, a few springs exceed the drinking water standards for ammonia, nitrate, iron, manganese and lead. The surface …

Causes Of Localized Copper Corrosion In Drinking Water Supplies, R. A. Sims, R. W. Raible

Technical Reports

Excessive amounts of copper have been observed in drinking water at certain installations on Lake DeGray and at isolated locations in the Arkadelphia area of Arkansas. A study of these installations was conducted to determine the source of the copper contamination. The supply water was very low in copper and therefore dissolution of the copper plumbing caused by low water pH and long residence times was determined to be the most probable source.

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1977-1980), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, M. S. Hirsh, H. D. Scott, D. T. Mitchell

Technical Reports

Two experimental septic tank filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm deep which restricts downward water movement and is the design-limiting feature. The standard filter field (76 cm deep) was built into the fragipan and the modified standard filter field (30 cm deep) was placed above it. During 30 months' observation, the modified standard performed better than the standard filter field. Maximum rise of effluent in the standard and modified standard came within 11 and 19 cm of the soil surface, respectively. Performance of …

Soviet Predatory Practices In The U. S. Liner Trades: Strategy And Prospects, Daniel D. Thompson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The impressive growth of the Soviet Merchant Marine during the past two decades. and its anticipated future expansion have given rise to questions concerning the likely future impact of that fleet on world shipping and the relative importance of maritime commerce to the Soviet Union itself. U.S. owners and regulatory bodies have, along with other Western owners and shipping bodies, consistently pointed an accusing finger at the Soviets for attempting to capture more than a fair share of general cargo tonnage in the world liner market. Charges of predatory Soviet rate cutting practices have been widely advertised by American operators …

Volume 7, Number 4 (April 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Cargo Preference: Bitter Pill For The U.S. Public Or Pillar Of Strength For The U.S Merchant Marine?, Rand D. Lebouvier

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Leading with a brief discussion of the need for federal aid in general, the background, impact, and prospects for the future of cargo preference will be examined. It will be demonstrated that federal aid, particularly in the form of Cargo Preference, is required to maintain the merchant marine. It will also be demonstrated that federal aid and policy in its present form is not sufficient to promote growth. There needs to be significant improvement in this area if the maritime industry is to become a successful and vital force once again. Though cargo preference comprises only one part of the …

Impact Of The Law Of The Sea Treaty On The Soviet Fishing Industry, Gary Lee Roemmich

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The signing of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Treaty was the maturation of an idea that was born thirty-six years ago. That treaty placed into effect the 200 mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). A universal 200 mile EEZ could be a death knell for the high-seas fishing fleets we know today as the majority of the major fishing grounds lie within 200 miles of the coast. The Soviet Union presently has the largest fishing fleet in the world and will perhaps feel the largest impact from the treaty signing. This paper intends to evaluate …

Causes Of The Decline Of The Merchant Marine And Prospects For Renewal Under Current Federal Maritime Policy, William A. Tait

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to identify, with particular emphasis on federal maritime policy, the reasons why the merchant marine and maritime industry of the United States have so dramatically declined in size, capacity, and competitiveness in recent years.Current and proposed government policy, particularly that of the Reagan Administration, will be examined along with viewpoints of representative maritime industry sectors to assess the prospects for solving the problems that plague the merchant marine. Finally, recommendations will be offered which are considered most likely to improve the vitality of the merchant marine.