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Articles 27841 - 27870 of 36715

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Superionicity In Na3Po4: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Wei-Guo Yin, Jianjun Liu, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, R. W. Smith, John R. Hardy Jan 2004

Superionicity In Na3Po4: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Wei-Guo Yin, Jianjun Liu, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, R. W. Smith, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

Fast ionic conduction in solid Na3PO4 is studied by use of molecular dynamics simulation based on the modified Lu-Hardy approach. We obtain reasonable agreement with experiment for the structural transition and diffusion of the sodium ions. All the sodium ions are found to contribute comparably to the high ionic conductivity. The results of the simulation are discussed in terms of the relative magnitude of the two proposed transport mechanisms: percolation and paddle-wheel. It appears to us that the percolation mechanism dominates the sodium diffusion.

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Large Dielectric Constant And Maxwell-Wagner Relaxation In Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12, Jianjun Liu, Chun-Gang Duan, Wei-Guo Yin, Wai-Ning Mei, R. W. Smith, John R. Hardy Jan 2004

Large Dielectric Constant And Maxwell-Wagner Relaxation In Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12, Jianjun Liu, Chun-Gang Duan, Wei-Guo Yin, Wai-Ning Mei, R. W. Smith, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

We studied frequency and temperature dependences of impedance, electric modulus, and dielectric permittivity of Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 in the ranges of 10−1–106 Hz and −150–200 °C, respectively. We first observed two electrical responses in the impedance and modulus formalisms. Then we detected a Debye-like relaxation in the permittivity formalism. Most interestingly, we found that the large dielectric constant of Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 is independent of the temperature and frequency below 150°C. The results are interpreted in terms of a two-layer model with conducting grains partitioned from each …

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Studies In Cardiac Defribrillation, Eamonn Mckenna Jan 2004

Studies In Cardiac Defribrillation, Eamonn Mckenna

Masters

Cardiac disease resulting in cardiac arrest is one of the most common fatal diseases in the developed world. Defibrillation is the medical procedure used to correct the irregular cardiac rhythm (ventricular fibrillation (VF)) which is very often detected in patients suffering cardiac arrest. In the work reported in this thesis, two aspects of the defibrillation of patients in VF were examined. The first area of investigation concentrated on the use of multiple defibrillation electrodes to be used during closed chest (transthoracic) defibrillation. This study was carried out in a saline bath and centred on “focusing” electric fields from perimeter electrodes …

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A Test Of Bell’S Inequality For The Undergraduate Laboratory, Burton A. Betchart Jan 2004

A Test Of Bell’S Inequality For The Undergraduate Laboratory, Burton A. Betchart

Honors Papers

The thesis documents the work done over the year to initiate an undergraduate Advanced Laboratory experiment which tests Bell’s inequality. It provides reference theory for the experiment, including explanations of Bell inequalities, basics of nonlinear optics, type-I downconversion and entanglement, and polarization states of the entangled photons. A main result is the equipment and design proposal for the experiment, which will cost a total $19600, led in price by the $9000 of a four photodetector array and followed by the $5000 of a 405nm pump laser. Entangled photons are produced by pumping BBO in a two-crystal geometry. Although most of …

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Probing The Interstellar Medium On Au Size Scales Using Pulsar Scintillation, Alexander S. Hill Jan 2004

Probing The Interstellar Medium On Au Size Scales Using Pulsar Scintillation, Alexander S. Hill

Honors Papers

We have used pulsar scintillation observations to probe the ionized component of the interstellar medium on AU size scales. Previous work had shown that the presence of scintillation arcs in pulsar secondary spectra requires that the scattering along the line of sight to the pulsar is dominated by a thin screen of scattering material. An isotropic image gives rise to a sharply delineated arc, while an anisotropic image with refractive "hot spots" elongated along the pulsar velocity vector gives rise to detailed substructure and arclets in the secondary spectrum. Twenty-five years of archival scintillation data from the Arecibo Observatory show …

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Blowup And Dissipation In A Critical-Case Unstable Thin Film Equation, Thomas P. Witelski, Andrew J. Bernoff, Andrea L. Bertozzi Jan 2004

Blowup And Dissipation In A Critical-Case Unstable Thin Film Equation, Thomas P. Witelski, Andrew J. Bernoff, Andrea L. Bertozzi

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

We study the dynamics of dissipation and blow-up in a critical-case unstable thin film equation. The governing equation is a nonlinear fourth-order degenerate parabolic PDE derived from a generalized model for lubrication flows of thin viscous fluid layers on solid surfaces. There is a critical mass for blow-up and a rich set of dynamics including families of similarity solutions for finite-time blow-up and infinite-time spreading. The structure and stability of the steady-states and the compactly-supported similarity solutions is studied.

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Preface To Nanoscale Characterization Of Ferroelectric Materials: Scanning Probe Microscopy Approach, Mann Alexe, Alexei Gruverman Jan 2004

Preface To Nanoscale Characterization Of Ferroelectric Materials: Scanning Probe Microscopy Approach, Mann Alexe, Alexei Gruverman

Alexei Gruverman Publications

Among the main trends in our daily society is a drive for smaller, faster, cheaper, smarter computers with ever-increasing memories. To sustain this drive the computer industry is turning to nanotechnology as a source of new processes and functional materials, which can be used in high-performance high-density electronic systems. Researchers and engineers have been focusing on ferroelectric materials for a long time due to their unique combination of physical properties. The ability of ferroelectrics to transform electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical energy into electrical charge has been used in a number of electronic applications, most recently in nonvolatile computer memories. Classical …

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Generation Of The Transient Electrical And Spontaneous Magnetic Fields By Solid State Combustion, Karen S. Martirosyan, J. R. Claycomb, J. H. Miller Jr., D. Luss Jan 2004

Generation Of The Transient Electrical And Spontaneous Magnetic Fields By Solid State Combustion, Karen S. Martirosyan, J. R. Claycomb, J. H. Miller Jr., D. Luss

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Experiments revealed that transient electric field intensities up to 2.5 V/cm were generated during the initial period of combustion synthesis of the ferromagnetic products before the maximum temperature was reached. This occurred when the iron particles were partially oxidized and the reaction product was mainly magnetite sFe3O4d. The electromagnetic field caused spontaneous magnetization of the product in the postcombustion zone. Magnetic field values up to 4 µT formed after the sample temperature fell below the Curie temperature and the initial reactants were completely converted to the ferromagnetic phase PbFe12O19. Increasing the volume of the samples increases the absolute residual magnetic …

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New Methods For Exafs Analysis In Structural Genomics, Grant Bunker, N. Dimakis, Gocha Kelashvili Jan 2004

New Methods For Exafs Analysis In Structural Genomics, Grant Bunker, N. Dimakis, Gocha Kelashvili

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Data analysis is one of the remaining bottlenecks in high-throughput EXAFS for structural genomics. Here some recent developments in methodology are described that offer the potential for rapid and automated XAS analysis of metalloproteins.

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Xafs Debye-Waller Factors For Zn Metalloproteins, N. Dimakis, Grant Bunker Jan 2004

Xafs Debye-Waller Factors For Zn Metalloproteins, N. Dimakis, Grant Bunker

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

An accurate and practical method for the calculation and use of thermal x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) Debye-Waller factors (DWFs) in active sites of metalloproteins is presented. These factors are calculated on model clusters within the local density functional approximation with nonlocal corrections. The DWFs are mapped out and parametrized as a function of the first shell distance and an angle (where applicable), for all significant single and multiple scattering paths, as well as the sample temperature. This approach is applied to the biologically essential but spectroscopically silent Zn+2 active sites composed of histidines, cysteines, and carboxylate ligands in homogeneous …

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First Upper Limits From Ligo On Gravitational Wave Bursts, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, Mario C. Diaz, Wm. R. Johnston, Joseph D. Romano, Cristina V. Torres Jan 2004

First Upper Limits From Ligo On Gravitational Wave Bursts, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, Mario C. Diaz, Wm. R. Johnston, Joseph D. Romano, Cristina V. Torres

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors. Our search focuses on bursts with durations ranging from 4 to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz. We bound the rate for such detected bursts at less than 1.6 events per day at a 90% confidence level. This result is interpreted in terms of the detection efficiency for ad hoc waveforms (Gaussians and sine Gaussians) as a function of their root-sum-square strain hrss; typical sensitivities …

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Probing Molecular Free Energy Landscapes By Periodic Loading, Oliver Braun, Andreas Hanke, Udo Seifert Jan 2004

Probing Molecular Free Energy Landscapes By Periodic Loading, Oliver Braun, Andreas Hanke, Udo Seifert

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Single molecule pulling experiments provide information about interactions in biomolecules that cannot be obtained by any other method. However, the reconstruction of the molecule’s free energy profile from the experimental data is still a challenge, in particular, for the unstable barrier regions. We propose a new method for obtaining the full profile by introducing a periodic ramp and using Jarzynski’s relation for obtaining equilibrium quantities from nonequilibrium data. Our simulated experiments show that this method delivers significant more accurate data than previous methods, under the constraint of equal experimental effort.

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Coalescence Remnant Of Spinning Binary Black Holes, J Baker, M. Campanelli, C. O. Lousto, R. Takahashi Jan 2004

Coalescence Remnant Of Spinning Binary Black Holes, J Baker, M. Campanelli, C. O. Lousto, R. Takahashi

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We compute the gravitational radiation generated in the evolution of a family of close binary black hole configurations, using a combination of numerical and perturbative approximation methods. We evolve the binaries with spins s aligned or counteraligned with the orbital angular momentum from near the innermost stable circular orbit down to the final single rotating black hole. For the moderately spinning holes studied here the remnant Kerr black holes formed at the end of an inspiral process have rotation parameters a/M≈0.72+0.32(s/mH), suggesting it is difficult (though not excluded) to end up with near maximally rotating holes from such scenarios.

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Dual Energy Scanning Beam X -Radiography, Randolph Frank Wojcik Jan 2004

Dual Energy Scanning Beam X -Radiography, Randolph Frank Wojcik

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Dual energy X-radiography is a method first developed in the mid-1970's by which one uses the information contained in the energy spectrum of the transmitted X-ray flux through an object. With this information one can distinguish the types of materials present in a radiograph and thus allow a computer to subtract them from the image enhancing the contrast of the remaining materials. Using this method, one can see details, which would have been hidden by overlying structures of other materials such as seen in radiographs of parts, made up of mixtures of metals and composites. There is also great interest …

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Ultraviolet Sources For Advanced Applications In The Vacuum Uv And Near Uv, Sheng Peng Jan 2004

Ultraviolet Sources For Advanced Applications In The Vacuum Uv And Near Uv, Sheng Peng

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

This dissertation documents a systematic study consisting of experimental investigations and theoretical analyses of intense ultraviolet sources in VUV and near-UV. Some engineering issues regarding two prototypes of electrodeless lamps using rf and microwave are discussed.;Various excimers that produce intense UV light are investigated, including: (1) A benchmark Xe2 excimer which has been proven to be very efficient in our novel rf capacitively coupled discharge lamp; (2) A rarely studied excimer, KrI, which suffers from predissociation and was reported to be very weak or invisible by most of other studies; (3) XeI excimer whose emission dominates around 253 nm and …

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Periodic Table Of 3d-Metal Dimers And Their Ions, G. L. Gutsev, M. D. Mochena, P. Jena, C. W. Bauchlicher Jr., H. Partridge Iii Jan 2004

Periodic Table Of 3d-Metal Dimers And Their Ions, G. L. Gutsev, M. D. Mochena, P. Jena, C. W. Bauchlicher Jr., H. Partridge Iii

Physics Publications

The ground states of the mixed 3d-metal dimers TiV, TiCr, TiMn, TiFe, TiCo, TiNi, TiCu, TiZn, VCr, VMn, VFe, VCo, VNi, VCu, VZn, CrMn, CrFe, CrCo, CrNi, CrCu, CrZn, MnFe, MnCo, MnNi, MnCu, MnZn, FeCo, FeNi, FeCu, FeZn, CoNi, CoCu, CoZn, NiCu, NiZn, and CuZn along with their singly negatively and positively charged ions are assigned based on the results of computations using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation functional. Except for TiCo and CrMn, our assignment agrees with experiment. Computed spectroscopic constants (re,ωe,Do) are in fair agreement with experiment. The ground-state spin multiplicities of all …

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Electron Injection-Induced Effects In Iii-Nitrides: Physics And Applications, William Charles Burdett Jan 2004

Electron Injection-Induced Effects In Iii-Nitrides: Physics And Applications, William Charles Burdett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research investigated the effect of electron injection in III-Nitrides. The combination of electron beam induced current and cathodoluminescence measurements was used to understand the impact of electron injection on the minority carrier transport and optical properties. In addition, the application of the electron injection effect in optoelectronic devices was investigated. The impact of electron injection on the minority carrier diffusion length was studied at various temperatures in Mg-doped p-GaN, p-Al[subscript x]Ga[subscript 1-x]N, and p-Al[subscript x]Ga[subscript 1-x] N/GaN superlattices. It was found that Lsubscript n] experienced a multi-fold linear increase and that the rate of change of L[subscript n] decreased …

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Individual Carbon Nanotube Probes And Field Emitters Fabrication And T, Guangyu Chai Jan 2004

Individual Carbon Nanotube Probes And Field Emitters Fabrication And T, Guangyu Chai

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in 1999, they have attracted much attention due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties and potential applications. Yet their nanosize makes the study of individual CNTs easier said than done. In our laboratory, carbon fibers with nanotube cores have been synthesized with conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The single multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) sticks out as a tip of the carbon fiber. In order to pick up the individual CNT tips, focused ion beam (FIB) technique is applied to cut and adhere the samples. The carbon fiber with nanotube tip was …

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The Nonlinear Coupling Of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron And Lower Hybrid Waves In The Ring Current Region: The Magnetic Storm 1–7 May 1998, G. V. Khazanov, E. N. Krivorutsky, K. V. Gamayunov, L. A. Avanov Jan 2004

The Nonlinear Coupling Of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron And Lower Hybrid Waves In The Ring Current Region: The Magnetic Storm 1–7 May 1998, G. V. Khazanov, E. N. Krivorutsky, K. V. Gamayunov, L. A. Avanov

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The excitation of lower hybrid waves (LHWs) is a widely discussed mechanism of interaction between plasma species in space, and is one of the unresolved questions of magnetospheric multi-ion plasmas. In this paper we present the morphology, dynamics, and level of LHWactivity generated by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves during the 2–7 May 1998 storm period on the global scale. The LHWs were calculated based on a newly developed selfconsistent model (Khazanov et. al., 2002) that couples the system of two kinetic equations: one equation describes the ring current (RC) ion dynamic, and another equation describes the evolution of EMIC …

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Statistical Mechanics Of Farey Fraction Spin Chain Models, Jan Fiala Jan 2004

Statistical Mechanics Of Farey Fraction Spin Chain Models, Jan Fiala

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis considers several statistical models defined on the Farey fractions. Two of these models, considered first, may be regarded as "spin chains", with long-range interactions, another arises in the study of multifractals associated with chaotic maps exhibiting intermittency. We prove that these models all have the same free energy. Their thermodynamic behavior is determined by the spectrum of the transfer operator (Ruelle-Perron-F'robenius operator), which is defined using the maps (presentation functions) generating the Farey "tree". The spectrum of this operator was completely determined by Prellberg. It follows that all these models have a second-order phase transition with a specific …

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Smeared Phase Transition In A Three-Dimensional Ising Model With Planar Defects: Monte Carlo Simulations, Rastko Sknepnek, Thomas Vojta Jan 2004

Smeared Phase Transition In A Three-Dimensional Ising Model With Planar Defects: Monte Carlo Simulations, Rastko Sknepnek, Thomas Vojta

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present results of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations for a three-dimensional Ising model with short-range interactions and planar defects, i.e., disorder perfectly correlated in two dimensions. We show that the phase transition in this system is smeared, i.e., there is no single critical temperature, but different parts of the system order at different temperatures. This is caused by effects similar to but stronger than Griffiths phenomena. In an infinite-size sample there is an exponentially small but finite probability to find an arbitrary large region devoid of impurities. Such a rare region can develop true long-range order while the bulk system …

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Progress At The Heidelberg Ebit, Jose R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jean Pierre Braun, Gunter Brenner, Hjalmar Bruhns, Christina Dimopoulou, I. N. Draganic, Daniel Fischer, Antonio J. Gonzalez, A. Lapierre, V. Mironov, Robert Moshammer, R. Soria Orts, Hiroyuki Tawara, M. Trinczek, Joachim Hermann Ullrich Jan 2004

Progress At The Heidelberg Ebit, Jose R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jean Pierre Braun, Gunter Brenner, Hjalmar Bruhns, Christina Dimopoulou, I. N. Draganic, Daniel Fischer, Antonio J. Gonzalez, A. Lapierre, V. Mironov, Robert Moshammer, R. Soria Orts, Hiroyuki Tawara, M. Trinczek, Joachim Hermann Ullrich

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Two years after the relocation of the Heidelberg EBIT, several experiments are already in operation. Spectroscopic measurements in the optical region have delivered the most precise reported wavelengths for highly charged ions, in the case of the forbidden transitions of Ar XIV and Ar XV. The lifetimes of the metastable levels involved in those transitions has been determined with an error of less than 0.2%. A new, fully automatized x-ray crystal spectrometer allows systematic measurements with very high precision and reproducibility. Absolute measurements of the Lyman series of H-like ions are currently underway. Dielectronic recombination studies have yielded information on …

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President's Message, David J. Stroup Jan 2004

President's Message, David J. Stroup

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Bioinformatics: An Undergraduate Research/Teaching Tool., Abhishek Agrawal, Valgene L. Dunham Jan 2004

Bioinformatics: An Undergraduate Research/Teaching Tool., Abhishek Agrawal, Valgene L. Dunham

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Table Of Contents Jan 2004

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Measuring Polynomial Invariants Of Multiparty Quantum States, Matthew S. Leifer, N. Linden, A. Winter Jan 2004

Measuring Polynomial Invariants Of Multiparty Quantum States, Matthew S. Leifer, N. Linden, A. Winter

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We present networks for directly estimating the polynomial invariants of multiparty quantum states under local transformations. The structure of these networks is closely related to the structure of the invariants themselves and this lends a physical interpretation to these otherwise abstract mathematical quantities. Specifically, our networks estimate the invariants under local unitary (LU) transformations and under stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC). Our networks can estimate the LU invariants for multiparty states, where each party can have a Hilbert space of arbitrary dimension and the SLOCC invariants for multiqubit states. We analyze the statistical efficiency of our networks compared …

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Large Dielectric Constant And Maxwell-Wagner Relaxation In Bi2/3cu3ti4o12, Jianjun Liu, Chun-Gang Duan, Wei-Guo Yin, Wai-Ning Mei, Robert W. Smith, John R. Hardy Jan 2004

Large Dielectric Constant And Maxwell-Wagner Relaxation In Bi2/3cu3ti4o12, Jianjun Liu, Chun-Gang Duan, Wei-Guo Yin, Wai-Ning Mei, Robert W. Smith, John R. Hardy

Physics Faculty Publications

We studied frequency and temperature dependences of impedance, electric modulus, and dielectric permittivity of Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 in the ranges of 10−1–106 Hz and −150–200 °C, respectively. We first observed two electrical responses in the impedance and modulus formalisms. Then we detected a Debye-like relaxation in the permittivity formalism. Most interestingly, we found that the large dielectric constant of Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 is independent of the temperature and frequency below 150°C. The results are interpreted in terms of a two-layer model with conducting grains partitioned from each other by poorly conducting grain boundaries. Using this model, we attributed the two electrical responses in impedance …

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Electronic Properties Of Nacdf3: A First-Principles Prediction, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, Jianjun Liu, Wei-Guo Yin, John R. Hardy, Robert W. Smith, M. J. Mehl, L. L. Boyer Jan 2004

Electronic Properties Of Nacdf3: A First-Principles Prediction, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, Jianjun Liu, Wei-Guo Yin, John R. Hardy, Robert W. Smith, M. J. Mehl, L. L. Boyer

Physics Faculty Publications

Based on first-principles total energy calculations, we predict that NaCdF3 could be formed in a ferroelectric crystal structure. Using a symmetry guided search with structure optimization, we found two ferroelectric structures, nearly degenerate in energy, competing for the ground state: a rhombohedral structure with space group R3c and an orthorhombic structure with space group Pna21. The energies of both structures are '60 meV lower than the sum of those of the constituents, NaF and CdF2, implying chemical stability.

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Investigation Of The Photoinduced Surface Relief Modulation In Acrylamide-Based Photopolymer, Izabela Naydenova, Emilia Mihaylova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal Jan 2004

Investigation Of The Photoinduced Surface Relief Modulation In Acrylamide-Based Photopolymer, Izabela Naydenova, Emilia Mihaylova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal

Conference Papers

A surface relief diffraction grating is inscribed in acrylamide photopolymer by holographic recording with spatial frequency below 300 l/mm. The periodic surface modulation appears in addition to a volume phase holographic grating. Due to the nature of the presented photopolymerisable material the gratings are induced by light only and no post-processing is required. An investigation of the dependance of the amplitude of the photoinduced relief modulation on spatial frequency of recording and on sample thickness has been carried out utilising white light interferometry. A model of the mechanism of surface relief formation is proposed on the basis of the measured …

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Electronic Speckle Pattern Shearing Interferometry Using Photopolymer Diffractive Optical Elements For Vibration Measurements, Emilia Mihaylova, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal Jan 2004

Electronic Speckle Pattern Shearing Interferometry Using Photopolymer Diffractive Optical Elements For Vibration Measurements, Emilia Mihaylova, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal

Conference Papers

Electronic speckle pattern shearing interferometry (ESPSI) is superior to Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) when strain distribution, arising from object deformation or vibration, need to be measured. This is because shearography provides data directly related to the spatial derivatives of the displacement. Further development of ESPSI systems could be beneficial for wider application to the measurement of mechanical characteristics of vibrating objects. Two electronic speckle pattern shearing interferometers (ESPSI) suitable for vibration measurements are presented. In both ESPSI systems photopolymer holographic gratings are used to shear the images and to control the size of the shear. The holographic gratings are …

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