Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Power Scaling Feasibility Of Chromium-Doped Ii-Vi Laser Sources And The Demonstration Of A Chromium-Doped Zinc Selenide Face-Cooled Disk Laser, Jason B. Mckay

Theses and Dissertations

Tunable lasers in the 2-4 µm wavelength range are needed for Air Force sensor applications. Chromium-doped II-VI materials are a promising class of laser material for tunable operation in this wavelength range, but until recently had not produced enough output power to meet application requirements. This dissertation investigates Cr²⁺:II-VI material properties and potential laser designs, then experimentally demonstrates and analyzes the performance of a Cr²⁺:ZnSe disk laser design that can produce sufficient output power. Cr²⁺:II-VI laser materials are found to be susceptible to overheating and thermal lensing, but are otherwise satisfactory laser materials. The …

Properties Of Hadronic Final States In Diffractive Deep Inelastic Ep Scattering At Desy Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli

Faculty Publications

Characteristics of the hadronic final state of diffractive deep inelastic scattering events ep→eXp were studied in the kinematic range 4X35GeV, 4

Searches For Excited Fermions In Ep Collisions At Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli

Faculty Publications

Searches in ep collisions for heavy excited fermions have been performed with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Excited states of electrons and quarks have been searched for in e+ p collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 300 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 47.7 pb-1. Excited electrons have been sought via the decays e± → eγ, e± → eZ and e± → vW. Excited quarks have been sought via the decays q± → qγ and q± → qW. A search for excited neutrinos decaying via v± → vγ, v± → vZ and v± → eW is presented using e-p collisions …

Heterojunction Diode Fabrication From Polyaniline And A Ferroelectric Polymer, B Xu, Y. Ovchenkov, Mengjun Bai, A. N. Caruso, A.V. Sorokin, Stephen Ducharme, Bermard Doudin, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

We have fabricated a p – n heterojunction diode by vapor depositing a thin film of polyaniline on top of the crystalline copolymer: poly(vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene). The formation of a diode is expected from the band offsets of the two polymers near the Fermi level. The interface between the two components was investigated, and an abrupt interface was found that is very different from the inorganic analog.

Cross Section For Forward J/Ψ Production In Pp̅ Collisions At √S=1.8 Tev, Darin Acosta, Kenneth A. Bloom, Collider Detector At Fermilab Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

The inclusive cross section for J/ψ production times the branching ratio B(J/ψ→μ⁺μ^-) has been measured in the forward pseudorapidity region: B×dσ[p̅+p→J/ψ(p_T>10 GeV/c,2.1<|η|<2.6)+X]/dη=192±9(stat)±29(syst) pb. The results are based on 74.1±5.2 pb^-1 of data collected by the CDF Collaboration at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The measurements extend earlier measurements of the D0 Collaboration to higher p_T^J/ψ. In the kinematic range where the experiments partially overlap, these data are in good agreement with previous measurements.

Stripes From (Noncommutative) Stars, Simon Catterall, J. Ambjorn

Physics - All Scholarship

We show that lattice regularization of noncommutative field theories can be used to study non-perturbative vacuum phases. Specifically we provide evidence for the existence of a striped phase in two-dimensional noncommutative scalar field theory

A Proof-Of-Principle Experiment Of Optical Injection Of Electrons In Laser-Driven Plasma Waves, N. Saleh, P. Zhang, Shouyuan Chen, Z.-M. Sheng, Anatoly Maksimchuk, V. Yanovsky, Donald P. Umstadter

Donald Umstadter Publications

We report on a proof-of-principle experiment that demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of optically injecting electrons into laser-driven plasma waves, first proposed by [D. Umstadter, J.-K. Kim, and E. Dodd, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2073 (1996)l. Using a Table-Top-Tera Watt laser system (I ~5x10¹⁸ W/cm², λ = 1 μm, τ = 400 fs), whose output beam is split by 1:4 ratio into a pump and injection beams, respectively, spatial (within 10 μm) and temporal (within 400 fs) overlap of the two beams were achieved by intersecting them orthogonally in an under-dense (~ 4x10¹⁹ cm …

Study Of Energetic Ion Generation From High-Intensity-Laser Dense-Plasma Interactions, K. Flippo, Anatoly Maksimchuk, Sudeep Banerjee, K. Nash, V. Wong, T. Lin, K. Nemoto, V. Yu. Bychenkov, Y. Sentoku, G. Mourou, Donald P. Umstadter

Donald Umstadter Publications

We report on the characteristics of an ultrafast-laser driven proton beam from thinfilm targets. The difference in proton beam profiles, beam energies, and laser induced back ablation plumes between a dielectric (Mylar) and a conductor (aluminum) are discussed. Evidence for front-side acceleration and a method for beam manipulation are also presented.

Developments In Relativistic Nonlinear Optics, Donald P. Umstadter, Sudeep Banerjee, Shouyuan Chen, E. Dodd, K. Flippo, Anatoly Maksimchuk, N. Saleh, A. Valenzuela, P. Zhang

Donald Umstadter Publications

We report recent results of experiments and simulations in the regime of peak laser intensities above 10¹⁹ W/cm², including the following topics: (1) electron and proton acceleration to energies in excess of 10 MeV in well collimated beams; (2) use of laser chirp to control the growth of plasma waves and acceleration of electrons by the Raman instability; (3) all optical injection and acceleration of electrons; (4) relativistic self-focusing by means of the mutual index of refraction of two overlapping laser pulses; (5) creation of a radioisotope by the reaction ¹⁰B(d,n)¹¹C; (6) …

Tuning The Transition Temperature Of Superconducting Ag/Pb Films Via The Proximity Effect, Richard P. Barber Jr., Ben Kain, S. R. Khan

Physics

We report measurements of the transition temperature (TC) of superconducting films composed of various combinations of Ag and Pb layers. For samples with good electrical contact between the layers, the measured TC values show reasonable agreement with the Cooper model of the proximity effect. In poorly coupled samples, the normal layers appear to cause little if any suppression of the TC. We present a simple predictive expression for TC as a function of Ag content.

Langmuir-Blodgett Films Of Polyethylene, A.V. Sorokin, Mengjun Bai, Stephen Ducharme, Matt Poulsen

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The possibility to obtain surface layers on water and prepare solid multilayer Langmuir–Blodgett films of medium-density polyethylene is shown. The polymer film on water is stable, demonstrates a reversible surface pressure-area isotherm up to 15 mN/m, and can be deposited onto a substrate using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique in a wide range of surface pressures. The thickness of a single deposited layer is 5.1 nm on average. The dielectric and optical constants of multilayer films are near their bulk values. The films exhibit high dielectric strength of at least 200 MV/m.

Intersubband Spin-Density Excitations In Quantum Wells With Rashba Spin Splitting, Carsten A. Ullrich, M. E. Flatté

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In inversion-asymmetric semiconductors, spin-orbit coupling induces a κ-dependent spin splitting of valence and conduction bands, which is a well-known cause for spin decoherence in bulk and heterostructures. Manipulating nonequilibrium spin coherence in device applications thus requires understanding how valence and conduction band spin splitting affects carrier spin dynamics. This paper studies the relevance of this decoherence mechanism for collective intersubband spin-density excitations (SDE's) in quantum wells. A density-functional formalism for the linear spin-density matrix response is presented that describes SDE's in the conduction band of quantum wells with subbands that may be nonparabolic and spin split due to bulk or …

Calculations Of Surface Effects On Phonon Modes And Raman Intensities Of Ge Quantum Dots, Shang-Fen Ren, Wei Cheng

Faculty publications – Physics

Phonon modes and Raman intensities of Ge quantum dots (QDs) with two different types of surfaces, a free standing surface or a fixed surface, in a size range from five atoms to 7 nm in diameter, are calculated by using a microscopic valence force field model. The results are compared, and the effects of surfaces on phonon properties of QDs are investigated. It is found that phonon modes and Raman intensities of QDs with these two different types of surfaces have obvious differences which clearly reveal the effects of the surfaces of QDs. The calculated results agree with existing experimental …

Photoacoustic Study Of Krf Laser Heating Of Si: Implications For Laser Particle Removal, Sergey I. Kudryashov, Susan D. Allen

Mechanical Engineering - Daytona Beach

A photoacoustic study of KrF laser heating of Si has revealed that the dominant mechanism of acoustic generation is thermoacoustic with a considerable contribution from the concentration-deformation mechanism at laser fluences below the Si melting threshold of 0.5 J/cm ². Upon Si melting the contraction of the molten material contributes significantly to acoustic generation. At fluences above 1.4 J/cm ² laser ablation of the molten layer enhances the amplitude of the compression pulse and diminishes that of the rarefaction pulse. The results of photoacoustic measurements allow optimization of experimental conditions for dry laser particle removal.

© 2002 American Institute …

Statistical Cataloging Of Archival Data For Luminosity Class Iv-V Stars, B. J. Taylor

Faculty Publications

This paper is one of a pair in which temperatures and metallicity catalogs for class IV-V stars are considered. The temperature catalog described here is derived from a calibration based on stellar angular diameters. If published calibrations of this kind are compared by using color-index transformations, temperature-dependent differences among the calibrations are commonly found. However, such differences are minimized if attention is restricted to calibrations based on Johnson V-K. A calibration of this sort from Di Benedetto (1998) is therefore tested and adopted. That calibration is then applied to spectroscopic and photometric data, with the latter predominating. Cousins R-I photometry …

Statistical Cataloging Of Archival Data For Luminosity Class Iv-V Stars - Ii. The Epoch 2001 [Fe/H] Catalog, B. J. Taylor

Faculty Publications

This paper describes the derivation of an updated statistical catalog of metallicities. The stars for which those metallicities apply are of spectral types F, G, and K, and are on or near the main sequence. The input data for the catalog are values of [Fe/H] published before 2002 February and derived from lines of weak and moderate strength. The analyses used to derive the data have been based on one-dimensional LTE model atmospheres. Initial adjustments which are applied to the data include corrections to a uniform temperature scale which is given in a companion paper (see Taylor 2003). After correction, …

Enhancement Of Photoinduced Anisotropy And All-Optical Switching In Bacteriorhodopsin Films, Pengfei Wu, D.V.G.L.N. Rao, B. R. Kimball, M. Nakashima, B. S. Decristofano

Physics Faculty Publications

Large enhancement of photoanisotropic effects is demonstrated in thin films of the biomaterial Bacteriorhodopsin by using two exciting beams of orthogonal polarization. The mechanism of the enhancement originates from optimization of direction-selected photoisomerization of the biomaterial controlled by the polarized exciting beams. The technique is applied for achieving an all-optical switch with the additional feature of output sign control.

Modified Bell-Plesset Effect With Compressibility: Application To Double-Shell Ignition Target Designs, Peter A. Amendt, J. D. Colvin, John D. Ramshaw, H. F. Robey, O. L. Landen

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The effect of spherical convergence on the fluid stability of collapsing and expanding bubbles was originally treated by Bell [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report No. LA-1321 (1951)] and Plesset [J. Appl. Phys. 25, 96 (1954)]. The additional effect of fluid compressibility was also considered by Bell but was limited to the case of nonzero density on only one side of a fluid interface. A more general extension is developed which considers distinct time-dependent uniform densities on both sides of an interface in a spherically converging geometry. A modified form of the velocity potential is used that avoids an unphysical divergence …

Hysteresis In Driven Disordered Systems: From Plastic Depinning To Magnets, M. Cristina Marchetti, Karin A. Dahmen

Physics - All Scholarship

We study the dynamics of a viscoelastic medium driven through quenched disorder by expanding about mean field theory in $6-\epsilon$ dimensions. The model exhibits a critical point separating a region where the dynamics is hysteretic with a macroscopic jump between strongly pinned and weakly pinned states, from a region where the sliding state is unique and no jump occurs. The disappearance of the jump at the critical point is described by universal exponents. As suggested in \onlinecite{MMP00}, the model appears to be in the same universality class as the zero-temperature random field Ising model of hysteresis in magnets.

Inclusive Jet Cross Sections In The Breit Frame In Neutral Current Deep Inelastic Scattering At Hera And Determination Of Α S, S. Chekanov, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli, A. Zichichi, G. Aghuzumtsyan, D. Bartsch, I. Brock

Faculty Publications

Inclusive jet differential cross sections have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic e +p scattering for boson virtualities Q 2 > 125 GeV 2. The data were taken using the ZEUS detector at HERA and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb -1. Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the longitudinally invariant k T cluster algorithm. Measurements of differential inclusive jet cross sections are presented as functions of jet transverse energy (E BT.jet), jet pseudorapidity and Q 2, for jets with E BT.jet > 8 GeV. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations agree well with the measurements both at high Q …

Precision Measurement Of Energy And Position Resolutions Of The Btev Electromagnetic Calorimeter Prototype, Raymond Mountain, K. Khroustalev, V.A. Batarin, T. Brennan

Physics - All Scholarship

The energy dependence of the energy and position resolutions of the electromagnetic calorimeter prototype made of lead tungstate crystals produced in Bogoroditsk (Russia) and Shanghai (China) is presented. These measurementswere carried out at the Protvino accelerator using a 1 to 45 GeV electron beam. The crystals were coupled to photomultiplier tubes. The dependence of energy and position resolutions on different factors as well as the measured electromagnetic shower lateral profile are presented.

Corrosion Of Steel By Lead Bismuth Eutectic: Quarterly Report August September October 2002, John Farley

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

We continued with sputter depth profiling of 316 and 316L steel samples that have been exposed to LBE. We also calibrated the sputter depth profiling using a sample of SiO₂ on Si, and the SEM. This is a valuable independent determination of the thickness of oxide layers.

In the laboratory, progress continues using the XPS machine. Experiments have been performed on steel samples using Argon ions to mill away the surface of the sample, thereby making measurements as a function of depth. This "ion beam milling" proceeds slowly through the oxide layer that covers the steel sample. We are …

Magnetic Relaxation Phenomena In The Superspin-Glass System [Co80Fe20/Al2O3]10, Sarbeswar Sahoo, O. Petracic, Christian Binek, Wolfgang Kleemann, J. B. Sousa, Susana Cardoso De Freitas, P. P. Freitas

Christian Binek Publications

Relaxation and temperature cycles of thermoremanent magnetization, M^TRM, in the superspin-glass phase of [Co₈₀Fe₂₀ (0.9 nm)/Al₂O₃ (3 nm)] ₁₀ have been investigated. The relaxation of M^TRM exhibits ageing phenomena. In negative temperature cycles for temperature steps larger than 1 K the magnetic state is retrieved (memory effect) on returning to the measurement temperature. This property is independent of the application of a field step during intermediate cooling. In positive temperature cycles the relaxation is suppressed after temporary heating. The observations are discussed in the light of both the droplet and the …

Microcathodoluminescence And Electron Beam Induced Current Observation Of Dislocations In Freestanding Thick N-Gan Sample Grown By Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy, A. Y. Polyakov, A. V. Govorkov, N. B. Smirnov, Z-Q. Fang, David C. Look, Seong-Ju S. Park, J. H. Han

Physics Faculty Publications

Microcathodolumunescence (MCL) spectra measurements, MCL and electron beam induced current (EBIC) imaging of the freestanding n-GaN samples grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy were made. Dark-spot defects in plan-view EBIC and MCL images and dark line defects in MCL images taken on the cleaved surface of the samples could be associated with dislocations. MCL spectra measurements in the vicinity of dislocations and in the matrix do not reveal specific luminescence bands that could be attributed to dislocations but rather suggest that dislocation regions have higher density of deep nonradiative traps.

Deep Electron And Hole Traps In Freestanding N-Gan Grown By Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy, A. Y. Polyakov, N. B. Smirnov, A. V. Govorkov, Z-Q. Fang, David C. Look, Seong-Ju S. Park, J. H. Han

Physics Faculty Publications

Deep level electron and hole traps were studied by means of deep level transient spectroscopy with electrical and optical injection on a freestanding thick n-GaN sample with low dislocation density. It is shown that at both the upper and the lower surface of the sample there exists a thin, ∼0.5 μm layer of damaged material with lowered concentration of electrons and enhanced density of deep centers. Deep in the bulk of the film the densities of the majority of the electron and hole traps are shown to be very low, but measurably higher on the lower face (N face), …

Curie Temperature Of Fept:B2O3 Nanocomposite Films, H. Zeng, Renat F. Sabirianov, O. Mryasov, M.L. Yan, K. Cho, David J. Sellmyer

David Sellmyer Publications

We report results on experimental and theoretical studies of structural and magnetic properties of FePt: B₂O₃ nanocomposite films. It was found for films prepared by magnetron sputtering with subsequent annealing that lattice parameters a and c of fct FePt change with significantly different rates with increase of the B₂O₃ fraction. As a consequence, fundamental magnetic properties change markedly, with the Curie temperature decreasing by 36% for 25% FePt volume fraction compared with the bulk value. Using an ab initio parametrization of magnetic interactions, we propose statistical model of thermal fluctuations in fct FePt, which …

Fragmentation Processes Following Core Excitation In Acetylene And Ethylene By Partial Ion Yield Spectroscopy, Maria Novella Piancastelli, Wayne C. Stolte, Gunnar Ohrwall, S-W Yu, D. Bull, K. Lantz, Alfred S. Schlachter, Dennis W. Lindle

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Partial ion yield spectroscopy provides a very detailed picture of fragmentation processes following core excitation in isolated molecules. We exploit this potential in the analysis of decay processes following C1s→π and C1s→Rydberg excitations in ethylene and acetylene. We show that the relative intensity of spectral features related to the excitation to empty molecular orbitals or to Rydberg states is a function of the time variation of the fragmentation process. Namely, we see an intensity increase in the Rydberg states compared to the molecular orbitals as the fragmentation process becomes more extensive, a result attributable to the diffuse nature of the …

Influence Of Terrain On Scaling Laws For River Networks, D. A. Vasquez, D. H. Smith, Boyd F. Edwards

All Physics Faculty Publications

The upper Cheat River network departs from scaling laws describing a large number of river networks in North America. This departure is traced to its corrugated terrain. The more typical random terrain of the lower Cheat River network obeys the standard scaling laws. We modify the random network model of Scheidegger to include the effects of topography, reproducing the behavior observed in the Cheat River basin.

Statistical Characteristics Ofsprite Halo Events Using Coincident Photometric And Imaging Data, R. Miyasato, Michael J. Taylor, H. Fukunishi, Y. Takahashi, H. Nielsen

All Physics Faculty Publications

Sprite halos are brief, diffuse flashes, which occur at the top of a sprite and precede the development of streamer structures at lower altitudes. We have investigated the characteristics of sprite halos in detail using coincident photometric and imaging data obtained during the Sprites'96 and '99 campaign in Colorado and Wyoming, USA. It is found that the average altitude of the centroid of the halo emission and the mean horizontal diameter of the halo events are ∼80 and ∼86 km, respectively, while the average speed of the descending motion of the sprite halos was ∼4.3 × 10⁷ m/s. It …

Nonlocal Electrodynamic Modeling Of Fluorescence Characteristics For Molecules In A Spherical Cavity, Pui T. Leung, M. H. Hider

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The emission characteristics for molecules in a spherical metallic microcavity are computed using a nonlocal electrodynamic model, based on a theory previously published by Fuchs and Claro [Phys. Rev. B 35, 3722 (1987)] for the multipole polarizability of a sphere. Both radially and tangentially oriented molecules at arbitrary locations inside the cavity are considered, and the results are compared with those from both the local response theory and those for molecules outside a spherical particle. The issue of reciprocity of the solutions for each of the sphere and cavity cases, respectively, is examined in the light of the nonlocal effects. …