Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Thermoelastic Model Applied To Stress Control In Laser Heating Of Ceramics, Jeff Alexander Wagner

Theses

Localized laser heating is widely used in materials processing. In extending these techniques to materials with relatively low thermal conductivities and ductilities such as ceramics and glasses, existing methods must be modified to control the high thermal stresses which are associated with the localized heating of these materials. Thermal profiles must be designed to minimize damage to regions adjacent to the processed area. To achieve this with single beam sources the power and radius can be varied in time, or the beam can be moved across the surface in a programmed pattern to achieve the desired thermal profile.

In this …

Muon Transfer From Muonic Deuterium To Carbon, David William Viel

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Negative muons were brought to rest in a gas mixture of 30 torr CH$\sb4$ and 570 torr D$\sb2$, using the cyclotron trap at PSI. The muons formed muonic deuterium atoms which diffused through the mixture and transferred their muons to the carbon of the CH$\sb4$ molecules. A planar germanium detector and a silicon detector were used to observe x-rays from the initial muon cascade in the deuterium, and from subsequent cascade in the muonic carbon after transfer. A transfer rate of (4.5 $\pm$ 1.8) $\times$ 10$\sp{10}$/sec was found which agrees well with a previous result measured at 50 bar of …

Glueball Wave Functions And Production Cross Sections, Anthony B. Wakely

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Three topics are studied in this dissertation.;Using QCD sum rules, I first calculate the first few moments of the distribution amplitude of the pseudoscalar glueball, a bound state of gluons. The distribution amplitude is the momentum wave function integrated over the transverse momentum. QCD sum rules are a method of finding hadronic parameters using perturbative QCD. I use an approximation in which the glueball is treated as a narrow resonance. The moments of the distribution amplitude then give the corresponding first few coefficients of the distribution amplitude for the glueball expanded in Gegenbauer polynomials. The distribution amplitude is rather close …

Collisions Of Atomic Hydrogen With Oxygen, Sulfur, Sodium And Halogen Anions At Low Energies, James Anthony Fedchak

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Total electron detachment and charge transfer cross sections, $\sigma\sb{\rm e}$(E) and $\sigma\sb{\rm ct}$(E), have been measured for collisions of the negative ions O$\sp{-}$, S$\sp{-}$, F$\sp{-}$, Cl$\sp{-}$, Br$\sp{-}$, I$\sp{-}$, Na$\sp{-}$, and K$\sp{-}$ with atomic hydrogen for laboratory energies ranging from 2 to 500 eV. For the systems F$\sp{-}$, Cl$\sp{-}$, Br$\sp{-}$, O$\sp{-}$ and S$\sp{-}$ + H, $\sigma\sb{\rm e}$(E) displays no barrier for associative detachment; the results are found to be adequately described by simple curve-crossing models based upon available intermolecular potentials, or by classical orbiting models which assume that the anion interacts with the H atom via an attractive potential of the …

Photoabsorption Spectra Of Hydrogen And Alkali Atoms In Electric Fields, Jing Gao

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A systematic study of the photoabsorption spectra of highly excited hydrogen and alkali atoms in electric fields is presented, based on the semiclassical closed-orbit theory. In most respects, hydrogen and alkali atoms behave similarly, because the excited alkali atoms have a single electron outside of a small ionic core, and the core only produces small shifts of energy levels and small phase shifts of scattered wave functions.;For hydrogen, the classical motion of the excited electron is regular and closed orbits can be enumerated. Above the zero-field ionization threshold, the system is rather simple. There is only one closed orbit, called …

Models For Water Outgassing From Metal Surfaces, Minxu Li

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In this study, the outgassing rate from an electropolished stainless steel surface following exposures to H{dollar}\sb2{dollar}O vapor under various conditions was measured. The results of the experiments showed that the outgassing rate is proportional to {dollar}p\sb0\sp{lcub}n{rcub}{dollar}, where {dollar}p\sb0{dollar} is the H{dollar}\sb2{dollar}O exposure pressure and n is about 0.25. The outgassing rate is not as strongly dependent on the system temperature as one would expect if the temperature is kept the same during exposure and pump-down. The outgassing rate is also a function of the exposure time for the first several hours of exposure, indicating that the adsorption saturation time is …

Solid State Proton Spin Relaxation And Methyl And T-Butyl Reorientation, Peter A. Beckmann, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Anne M. Fry, Amy L. Plofker, Brian A. Roe, Jessica A. Weiss

Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Excitation Of The Classical-Limit State Of An Atom, Z. D. Gaeta, Michael W. Noel, C. R. Stroud Jr.

Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship

We describe a technique designed to excite a classical-limit state of an atom. A picosecond electric field pulse converts a circular state into a Rydberg wave packet which is localized in all three dimensions and travels along a classical Kepler orbit with arbitrary ellipticity.

Solid State Proton Spin Relaxation And Methyl And T-Butyl Reorientation, Peter A. Beckmann, Hania A. Al‐Hallaq, Anne M. Fry, Amy L. Plofker, Brian A. Roe, Jessica A. Weiss

Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship

We have measured the temperature T and Larmor frequency ω/2π dependence of the proton spin‐lattice relaxation rate R in solid 1‐hydroxy‐2,4,6‐tri‐butylbenzene. The data is interpreted in terms of the rotational motion of the t‐butyl groups and their constituent methyl groups. Our data is much more extensive than a previous report [J. Yamauchi and C. A. McDowell, J. Chem. Phys. 75, 1051 (1981)] resulting in a revised dynamical model and considerably larger rotational barriers. Interesting thermal history effects are discussed.

A Simple Description Of Coherence, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Physics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Development Of Strength Theories For Random Fiber Composites, Victor Giurgiutiu

Faculty Publications

A ressessment of existing theories for calculating the strength of random and quasi-random fiber composites is presented. Fundamental aspects regarding the physical model, macromechanics analysis, fiber distribution functions, generalized failure criterion, and progressive versus sudden failure models are covered first. Progressive ductile failure, progressive brittle failure, and sudden brittle failure are treated in detail. In each case, the original theory is briefly reviewed, and then its extensions accompanied by numerical examples are presented. Several limitations originally imposed by Hahn, such as the monotonically nonincreasing requirement on the failure strain curve, are lifted and the mathematical formulations are generalized. Some common …

Multigrid Acceleration Of Time-Dependent Solutions Of Navier-Stokes Equations, Sarafa Oladele Ibraheem

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Recent progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics is encouraging scientists to look at fine details of flow physics of problems in which natural unsteady phenomena have hitherto been neglected. The acceleration methods that have proven very successful in steady state computations can be explored for time dependent computations. In this work, an efficient multigrid methods is developed to solve the time-dependent Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. The Beam-Warming ADI method is used as the base algorithm for time stepping calculations. Application of the developed algorithm proved very efficient in selected steady and unsteady test problems. For instance, the inherent unsteadiness present in …

Low Internal Magnetic Fields In Anisotropic Superconductors, Allan J. Greer Jr.

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

This thesis is a theoretical, numerical study of the magnetic fields which exist in the anisotropic, high temperature superconductors like $YBa\sb2Cu\sb3O\sb{7-\delta}$, or YBCO for short, using both the anisotropic London theory and simulations based on existing muon spin rotation techniques. The thesis first describes the muon spin rotation ($\mu$SR) techniques, and then gives a brief discussion of superconductivity with regard to the London theory of anisotropic, type II superconductors. Next, numerical results of the application of this theory to YBCO are presented. Three dimensional surface plots of the magnetic field components within the flux line lattice (FLL) are shown, as …

Polarization Transfer Coefficient Measurements In The Deuteron Breakup Reaction Hydrogen-1(Polarized Deuteron,Polarized Proton)X At 2.1 Gev, Naipor Eric Cheung

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The polarization of the protons emerging at 0$\sp\circ$ from the inclusive deuteron breakup reaction $\sp1$H($\vec d,\vec p$)X was measured using a deuteron beam with kinetic energy of 2.1 GeV. The momentum of the protons was selected by the magnetic spectrometer SPES4 and the polarization was measured with the polarimeter POMME. This experiment was performed at eight different proton momenta. When those momenta are Lorentz transformed to the deuteron rest frame, they corresponded to values from 0.00 to 0.34 GeV/c. The result of the measurements is expressed in terms of polarization transfer coefficient which is defined as the ratio of the …

Modal Properties And Spontaneous Emission Factor In Unstable-Resonator Semiconductor Lasers, Gang Yao

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

An experimental study has been carried out on the spectral, modal, and dynamical properties of a monolithic unstable-resonator semiconductor laser. Due to the large loss and the non-power-orthogonal nature of the transverse and longitudinal modes in the unstable resonator, the spontaneous emission factor, defined as the ratio of the power of the spontaneous emission entering the lasing mode to the total power of the spontaneous emission, is much larger than that of a regular Fabry-Perot cavity of the same dimension. The large spontaneous emission factor has profound effects on the lasing properties. For a 100-{dollar}\mu{dollar}m-wide and 500-{dollar}\mu{dollar}m-long stripe-geometry unstable resonator …

A Fast Numerical Solution Of Scattering By A Cylinder: Spectral Method For The Boundary Integral Equations, Fang Q. Hu

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

It is known that the exact analytic solutions of wave scattering by a circular cylinder, when they exist, are not in a closed form but in infinite series which converge slowly for high frequency waves. In this paper, a fast numerical solution is presented for the scattering problem in which the boundary integral equations, reformulated from the Helmholtz equation, are solved using a Fourier spectral method. It is shown that the special geometry considered here allows the implementation of the spectral method to be simple and very efficient. The present method differs from previous approaches in that the singularities of …

Dielectric Response Of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cells, Yuri Panarin, Huan Xu, Seamus Mac Lughadha, Jagdish Vij

Articles

No abstract provided.

Several Considerations Regarding The Variable Length Blade Rotor, Bogdan Popescu, Victor Giurgiutiu

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Production And Extraction Of Polarized Electrons From An Optically Pumped Helium Discharge, Raymond James Vandiver

Doctoral Dissertations

"Polarized electron sources are needed to study the spin dependent processes in atomic and molecular systems. This area of physics has enjoyed much success in the past decade due to the development of polarized electron sources of high electron polarization and current. We have investigated the production and extraction of polarized electrons from an optically pumped helium discharge.

We have directly extracted electrons with polarizations between 6% and 7% at currents greater than 200 µA from a helium DC discharge where the helium 2³S₁ metastable atoms are optically pumped to nearly 100% polarization. These high metastable polarizations …

Dilaton Black Holes With Electric Charge, Malik Rakhmanov

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

New static spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell gravity with the dilaton field are found. The solutions correspond to black holes and naked singularities. In addition to mass and electric charge these solutions are labeled by a new parameter, the dilaton charge of the black hole. Depending on the values of electric and dilaton charges there are different types of solutions. The solutions exhibit a new type of a symmetry. Namely one solution transforms into another when the mass and the dilaton charge are interchanged. We also found that there is a finite interval of values of electric charge for …

Thermodynamics Of A Free Q Fermion Gas, Asim Gangopadhyaya

Asim Gangopadhyaya

Hexagons And Squares In A Passive Nonlinear Optical System, John Geddes, R.A. Indik, J.V. Moloney, Willie Firth

John B. Geddes

Pattern formation is analyzed and simulated in a nonlinear optical system involving all three space dimensions as well as time in an essential way. This system, counterpropagation in a Kerr medium, is shown to lose stability, for sufficient pump intensity, to a nonuniform spatial pattern. We observe hexagonal patterns in a self-focusing medium, and squares in a self-defocusing one, in good agreement with analysis based on symmetry and asymptotic expansions.

Determination Of Plasma Parameters In A Dc Arcjet Diamond Reactor: Part 1, Scott Reeve, Wayne Weimer

Scott Reeve

No abstract provided.

A Theoretical Investigation Of The Geometries, Vibrational Frequencies, And Binding Energies Of Several Mixed Alkali Halide Dimers, Robert J. Cave, Ian Ono '94

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Results are presented from ab initio calculations on several mixed alkali halide dimers made up of Li, Na, F, and Cl. All of the dimers are investigated at the restricted Hartree–Fock level to provide ab initio estimates of geometries, vibrational frequencies, and binding energies. The dimer LiNaF2 is then treated using a variety of basis sets at the Hartree–Fock level, as well as at correlated levels (second‐order Møller–Plesset and coupled‐cluster singles and doubles) to examine the sensitivity of the calculations to use of higher levels of theory. The results are then compared to the experimental data available for the LiNaF2 …

Evidence For Day-To-Night Ion Transport At Low Solar Activity In The Venus Pre-Dawn Ionosphere, J. F. Brannon, Jane L. Fox, H. S. Porter

Physics Faculty Publications

Periapsis of the Pioneer Venus spacecraft dropped below 180 km on August 28, 1992 near midnight, and 42 orbits of low altitude data at moderately low solar activity in the pre-dawn sector were obtained before contact was lost to the spacecraft in October, 1992. Through a combination of analysis of data from the PV orbiter ion mass spectrometer (OIMS) and modeling, we consider here what can be learned about the relative importance of plasma transport from the dayside and electron precipitation in maintaining the nightside ionosphere during the re-entry period. In particular, we examine here the atomic ion density profiles. …

Final State Distributions For Electron Capture From Orientated Rydberg Atoms, Jee-Ching Wang, Ronald E. Olson

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Final state nim distributions are studied for electron capture from orientated circular Rydberg atoms. Strong orientation effects are found for all quantum numbers at collision speeds comparable to the electron orbital speed. Predominant population of large m states is observed when the plane of the circular orbit is nearly perpendicular to the incident direction of the projectile. The Ini distributions show structures due to quasi-Thomas scattering even at low relative collision velocities. © 1993 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Neutron Reflection Interferometry: Physical Principles Of Surface Analysis With Phase Information, Vladimir Gudkov, G. I. Opat, A. G. Klein

Faculty Publications

It is shown that the analysis of surface layers by neutron reflection interferometry is considerably enhanced by performing the reflectometry with phase information. We discuss two methods of providing such information. One method involves physically adding an extra reference layer, whose amplitude and phase are known theoretically. The other uses the Lloyd's mirror configuration, in which a directly propagating ray that interferes with the reflected ray supplies the phase information. The methods have much in common with holography.

Giant Energy Product In Nanostructured Two-Phase Magnets , Ralph Skomski, J.M.D. Coey

Ralph Skomski Publications

Exchange hardening of nanostructured two-phase systems composed of an aligned hard phase and a soft phase with high magnetization is investigated using an approach which yields analytic nucleation fields from the micromagnetic vector equation, and accounts for interactions between the soft regions. In suitable structures the nucleation field is proportional to the volume-averaged anisotropy constant. For example, a multilayer composed of alternating 2.4 nm hard-magnetic Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ layers and 9 nm Fe₆₅Co₃₅ layers can have an energy product as high as 1 MJ/m³ (120 MG Oe), with a rare-earth content of only …

A Random Wave Method For Detecting Phase Imbalance In A Coherent Radar Receiver, Zhenni Wang, Alexander Kostinski

Department of Physics Publications

The question of monitoring the angle between the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) channels of a coherent radar receiver is considered in this paper. Random interference-type scattering (e.g., rain echo) is assumed so that the received signal is a random phasor sum. It is also assumed that I and Q voltages have a (90 + ϕ₀) phase difference. The effects of nonzero phase imbalance ϕ₀ on the I and Q statistics are examined. Joint I and Q as well as amplitude and phase probability distributions are derived. It is shown that the cross-correlation …

Rock Magnetic Criteria For The Detection Of Biogenic Magnetite, Bruce M. Moskowitz, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski

Physics

We report results on the magnetic properties of magnetites produced by magnetotactic and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. Magnetotactic bacterial (MTB) strains MS1, MV1 and MV2 and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium strain GS-15, grown in pure cultures, were used in this study. Our results suggest that a combination of room temperature coercivity analysis and low temperature remanence measurements provides a characteristic magnetic signature for intact chains of single domain (SD) particles of magnetite from MTBs. The most useful magnetic property measurements include: (1) acquisition and demagnetization of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) using static, pulse and alternating fields; (2) acquisition of anhysteretic remanent magnetization …