Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Medium Modified Proton Densities Deduced From Electron Scattering Experiments, Steven Paul Deryke

Masters Theses

Recently two fundamental problems in nuclear physics have been resolved by applying the concept of nucleon size increases over that of free nucleons. These successes have encouraged the use of medium-modified proton densities to explain the differences between Hartree-Fock calculations and experimental charge densities. These differences constituted a long standing problem in nuclear physics.

The covariant soliton model of density dependent nucleon form factors was employed to explain these differences. This model predicts a non-linear relationship between point proton densities and charge densities. This work was able to provide a self-consistent proton density for ²⁰⁸Pb by inverting this relationship. …

Calculations For The Excitation Of High Spin Natural Parity States In Hypernuclei Via (Π+, K+), Yizhang Ho

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Microscopic Optical Potentials, Michael R. Sloothaak

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Relativistic Corrections To The Bethe Sum Rule, P.T. Leung, M. L. Rustgi, S. A. Long

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Relativistic corrections to order alpha² to the Bethe sum rule have been obtained for a one-electron system employing the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation. The results have wide applications in high-Z systems at large momentum transfers.

Shell Correction For The Stopping Power Of K Electrons, P.T. Leung, M. L. Rustgi, S. A. Long

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

In view of the inapplicability of the asymptotic expressions for the stopping number available in the literature at high energies, an alternative approach is taken to compute the shell correction to the stopping number of K electrons. Anholt's formula (1979) for the K-shell ionization has been used to calculate the excitation function for longitudinal interaction and numerical integration over energy has been carried out to evaluate the shell correction. Comparison with other theoretical calculations is made. It is proposed that, with the inclusion of relativistic effects, an asymptotic expansion of the stopping number with a leading-term logarithmic in the energy …

Laser Pump And Probe Excited State Absorption Measurements, Shawpin Jong

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A pump and probe technique was used to investigate triplet-triplet excited state absorption in solutions of the scintillators 2,5 diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 2,1 naphthyl,5 phenylzole (a-NPO) in several solvents.

KrF excimer radiation (248 nm) was used to pump the samples under investigation as well as a tunable dye laser which was used as the probe. Time-resolution was obtained by changing the optical path difference between the pump and probe beams.

Transient excited state absorption was measured in a wide spectral region between 330 nm and 600 nm, showing a peak at 400 nm for PPO solutions, and two …

Probability Conservation In Theories Of Collisional Ionization And Detachment, M. L. Du, John B. Delos

Arts & Sciences Articles

The semiclassical local-complex-potential theory has been widely used to describe detachment and ionization in atom-atom and ion-atom collisions. However, it has been shown that the resulting formulas do not conserve probability. In this paper, we show that the problem arises from the inconsistent treatment of the effects of interference, tunneling, and diffraction. A more complete theory is based upon the close-coupling expansion, which leads to an infinite set of coupled equations. A method for solving such sets of equations was developed in earlier work. Here we implement that method using a new iterative numerical scheme, and we show that the …

A Semiclassical Model For Orientation Effects In Electron Transfer Reactions, Robert J. Cave, Stephen J. Klippenstein, R.A. Marcus

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

An approximate solution to the single‐particle Schrödinger equation with an oblate spheroidal potential well of finite depth is presented. The electronic matrix element H_BA for thermal electron transfer is calculated using these wave functions, and is compared with values of H_BA obtained using the exact solution of the same Schrödinger equation. The present method yields accurate results for H_BA, within the oblate spheroidal potential well model, and is useful for examining the orientational effects of the two centers on the rate of electron transfer.

Renormalization Group Equations In Broken Supersymmetric Theories Using Superspace Methods, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Darwin Chang

Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

We apply the superfield method with the spurion technique to derive the renormalization-group equations in broken supersymmetric theories. We point out some possible ambiguities in this procedure and show that it is in general necessary to express the supersymmetry-breaking terms in explicit D-type form. We also found that it is possible to construct broken supersymmetric theories where some of the symmetry-breaking parameters do not receive any infinite renormalization.

Summary Abstract - Theoretical And Experimental Capacitance-Voltage Behavior Of Modulation-Doped Al(0.3)Ga(0.7)As/Gaas Heterojunctions, George B. Norris, David C. Look, W. Koop, J. Klem, H. Morkoç

Physics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Magnetic Properties Of FeXCu100-X Solid Solutions, C.L. Chien, Sy_Hwang Liou, D. Kofalt, Wu Yu, T. Egami, Thomas J. Watson, T.R. Mcguire

Sy-Hwang Liou Publications

In the equilibrium states, the solid solubility between Fe and Cu is negligibly small. Using vapor deposition, however, we produced Fe_xCu_100-x solid solutions over the entire composition range. All the samples were crystalline: bcc structure at the Fe-rich side and fcc structure at the Cu-rich side. The transition from bcc to fcc occurred at around x=70, where the two phases were found to coexist. The fcc alloys exhibit a magnetic dilution leading to a magnetic percolation threshold at x_c≃18, rarely seen in binary Fe alloys. Below x_c, only spin-glass-like ordering is …

Photoelectron Angular Distributions For Atomic Chlorine, Siamak Shahabi , Anthony F. Starace

Anthony F. Starace Publications

Photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameters for photoionization to each of the three term levels of the Cl⁺ ion are calculated above the ¹S ionic threshold with use of the open-shell transition-matrix method. Comparison is made with frozen-core Hartree-Fock asymmetry parameters and with the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock results of Fielder and Armstrong. The calculated asymmetry parameters are used to estimate partial-cross-section branching ratios at 584 Å from the relative experimental photoelec- tron intensity measurements of Kimura, Yamazaki, and Achiba.

Carrier-Concentration–Induced Ferromagnetism In Pbsnmnte, T. Story, R. R. Galazka, Richard B. Frankel, P. A. Wolff

Physics

The influence of charge-carrier concentration on the magnetic properties of the semimagnetic semiconductor [(PbTe)_1-x(SnTe)_x]_1-y[MnTe] _y (x=0.72, y=0.03) is reported. Magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat have been measured. For carrier concentrations below p=3 x 10²⁰ cm^-3 the alloy is paramagnetic. For p≥3 x 10²⁰ cm^-3 an abrupt transition to a ferromagnetic phase is observed at helium temperatures. The ferromagnetic transition temperature increases with increasing p. This is the first demonstration of the effect of carrier concentration on the magnetic properties of semimagnetic semiconductors.

Methyl And Tert-Butyl Reorientation And Distributions Of Activation Energies In Molecular Solids: A Nuclear Spin-Relaxation Study In 2,4- And 2,5-Di-Tert-Butylhydroxybenzene, Peter A. Beckmann, A. M. Cheung, E. E. Fisch, F. A. Fusco, R. E. Herzog, M. Narisimhan

Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship

We have measured proton Zeeman relaxation rates R in the 2,4- and 2,5-isomers of di tert-butylhydroxybenzene (DTHB) in the solid state. R was measured as a function of temperature T at proton Larmor frequencies of (j)/21T = 8.50,22.5, and 53.0 MHz. The Tranges were from 78 K to just below the melting points of 2,4- and 2,5-DTHB, 385 and 323 K, respectively. The 2,5- DTHB R vs T and (j) can be interpreted qualitatively in terms of three Bloembergen-PurcellPound (BPP) spectral densities, one for each of the three types of rotors in the molecule. The quantitative agreement is poor but …

Altering The Photorefractive Properties Of Batio3 By Reduction And Oxidation At 650 °C, Stephen Ducharme, Jack Feinberg

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The photorefractive Properties of a nominally pure single crystal of BaTiO3 were altered by treating the crystal at 650 °C in oxygen at different partial pressures. Treatment altered the effective density of photorefractive charge carriers in the crystal and couls convert an inactive crystal into an active one. Treatment at low oxygen pressure (reduction) decreased the temperature of the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition of the crystal and also decreased the measured optical band gap, implying that oxygen vacancies had been introduced into the bulk crystal. These oxygen vacancies are associated with negative photorefractive charge sonors. Either hole transport or electron transport …

Angular And Energy Dependence Of Cross Sections For Ejection Of Electrons From Water Vapor. Ii. 15-150-Kev Proton Impact, M. A. Bolorizadeh, M. Eugene Rudd

M. Eugene Rudd Publications

Absolute values of cross sections for electron ejection by protons of 15- 150 keV energy have been measured as a function of the angle and energy of the electrons. The range of angles was 10° to 160° and the electron energy range was 1-300 eV. The doubly differential cross sections were also integrated over energy or angle to obtain singly differential and total cross sections and also average ejected electron energies. Good agreement is obtained with Senger's DDCS-MT (doubly differential cross section-mixed treatment) theoretical treatment using the Salin factor.

Angular And Energy Dependence Of Cross Sections For Ejection Of Electrons From Water Vapor. Iii. 20- 150-Kev Neutral-Hydrogen Impact, M. A. Bolorizadeh, M. Eugene Rudd

M. Eugene Rudd Publications

Absolute values of cross sections for electron production in collisions of neutral hydrogen atoms of 20-150 keV energy with water vapor molecules have been measured as a function of the ejection energy and angle. The range of angles was 10° to 160° and the electron energy range was 1-300 eV. The doubly differential cross sections were integrated over angle and/or energy to obtain singly differential cross sections, total electron production cross sections, and average energies of ejection. The angular distribution of the electron loss peak was found to have some features in common with the cross section for elastic scattering …

Plastic Deformation, Vacancy Diffusion, And Vacancy Delocalization In Bcc 3He, Matthew J. Moelter, M. B. Manning, C. Elbaum

Physics

The plastic deformation of bcc ³He crystals has been studied near the melting curve, in the temperature range 0.65 K ≤T≤.17 K, and for strain rates, ɛ˙, from 2x10^-6 to 2x10^-4 sec^-1. The resulting relations between strain rate and stress, at a given temperature, are accounted for in terms of dislocation climb and vacancy diffusion in the solid He. The temperature dependence of the strain rate at a given stress indicates that a nonclassical mechanism underlies the deformation process. The vacancy diffusion coefficient in bcc ³He, as a function of temperature, is deduced from …

Electric-Dipole Matrix-Element Formulas In Hyperspherical Coordinates With Applications To H- And He, Chang-Hwan Park, Anthony F. Starace, Jiang Tan, Chii-Dong Lin

Anthony F. Starace Publications

Theoretical formulas for the length, velocity, and acceleration forms of the electric-dipole matrix element within the adiabatic hyperspherical coordinate representation are presented. The length and acceleration formulas are used to calculate the photoionization cross section for He up to 1.0 a.u. above threshold and the photodetachment cross section for H^- up to 0.35 a.u. above threshold. Length- and acceleration-form results for the dipole oscillator strengths for the discrete He transitions, 1sns(¹S^e)→1smp(¹P⁰), where n=1, 2, and 3 and m=2, 3, and 4, are also presented. The accuracy of the length- and acceleration-form …

Direct Observation Of Ensemble Averaging Of The Aharonov-Bohm Effect In Normal-Metal Loops, C. P. Umbach, C. Van Haesendonck, R. B. Laibowitz, S. Washburn, Richard A. Webb

Faculty Publications

Aharonov-Bohm magnetoconductance oscillations have been measured in series arrays of 1, 3, 10, and 30 submicron-diameter Ag loops. At constant temperature, the amplitude of the h/e oscillations is observed to decrease as the square root of number of loops, while the amplitude of h/2e conductance oscillations, measured in the same samples, is independent of the number of series loops. This is direct confirmation of the ensemble averaging properties of h/e oscillations in multiloop systems. The amplitude of the h/e oscillations is in good agreement with recent calculations.

Spontaneous Two-Photon Decay Rates In Hydrogenlike And Heliumlike Ions, Gordon W. F. Drake

Physics Publications

A theoretical study of the two-photon emission rate from the 1s2s 1S state of two-electron ions is presented. High-precision values of the nonrelativistic emission rate for ions with nuclear charge Z up to 36 are obtained by use of correlated variational wave functions of the Hylleraas type. Summations over intermediate states are performed by finite-basis-set methods. The results are used to obtain an accurate extrapolation formula and to study the convergence characteristics of a 1/Z expansion for the decay rate. The leading hydrogenic term is calculated to an accuracy which substantially exceeds Klarsfeld's, and the next term is obtained for …

Lamb Shifts And Fine-Structure Splittings For Light Muonic Ions: Hyperfine-Structure Corrections, R. A. Swainson, Gordon W. F. Drake

Physics Publications

Our previous calculations for the energy splittings of the states 2s1/2-2p1/2 and 2s1/2-2p3/2 for the muonic ions - Li, - Be, and - B are extended to include hyperfine-structure corrections. The results show that there is a rich spectrum of well-resolved hyperfine transitions lying throughout the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum. A measurement of the transition frequencies would provide a precise determination of the nuclear radius and the hyperfine-structure coupling constants. © 1986 The American Physical Society.

Asymmetry Measurement Of The 2s1/2(Hy1s1/2 Relativistic Magnetic-Dipole Matrix Element In He+, A. Van Wijngaarden, J. Patel, Gordon W. F. Drake

Physics Publications

When a beam of spin-polarized He+(2s1/2) ions is quenched by an electric field E, the emitted radiation intensity contains a left-right-asymmetry term proportional to Pk×E, where P is the spin-polarization vector and k is the observation direction. The resulting asymmetry is proportional to the relativistic magnetic dipole matrix element 1s1/2,1/2M1,02s 1/2,1/2. The measured asymmetry (2.935±0.337)×10-4 corresponds to the matrix element 1s1/2,1/2M1,02s 1/2,1/2 =-(0.2725±0.0313)α2eLatin small letter h with stroke/mc, in agreement with the theoretical value -0.2794α2eLatin small letter h with stroke/mc. The measurement provides a direct test of the relativistic corrections to the magnetic dipole transition operator. © 1986 The American …

Theory Of In Situ Measurement Of Wave-Vector-Dependent Dynamic Susceptibility And Esr Spectroscopy Using The Ac Josephson Effect, S. E. Barnes, F. Mehran

Physics Articles and Papers

The elementary theory of in situ measurements of the wave-vector-dependent dynamic susceptibility χ(q,ω) in superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) and superconductor–normal-metal–superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions is presented in some detail. The theory for more complicated SISN and SINS junctions is also described. In addition, the theory of point-contact and superconducting quantum interference device geometries, relevant to the recent experiments of Baberschke, Bures, and Barnes is developed. Involved is a detailed application of the Maxwell and London equations along with the distributed Josephson effect. In a measurement of χ(q,ω), the frequency ω is determined by the relation 2eV₀=ħω where V₀ is the …

Derivation Of Exact Results For The Single-Ion Kondo Problem With The Use Of Diagrammatic Methods, S. E. Barnes

Physics Articles and Papers

It is shown that exact results for the single-impurity Kondo problem can be obtained by diagrammatic methods. The results for the susceptibility and specific heat agree with those obtained by Wilson’s numerical methods. In particular, the crossover W’=(π/e)^1/2 and Wilson R=2 ratios are reproduced exactly. Conduction-electron scattering from the impurity reaches the unitarity limit corresponding to a phase shift δ=π/2. Both this and the compensation of the impurity spin are also exact results. The methods described are relatively easily extended to the Anderson model and the corresponding lattice problems.

Biological Effects Of Static Magnetic Fields, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

No abstract provided.

Magnetite And Magnetotaxis In Bacteria And Algae, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

We are using Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements in conjunction with electrochemical, pH and optical spectroscopic measurements to study the mechanisms of iron containing core of these proteins.

On The Quadratic Form N12 +N22 +N32 - N42 In Z4, Andrei Ludu

Andrei Ludu

No abstract provided.

Measurements Of Electron Energy Distribution In An Argon Positive Column, Chin Oi Hoong

Chin Oi Hoong

The argon positive column plasma of a cold cathode glow discharge is studied using a pulsed single Langmuir Probe technique. It is observed thatthe energy distribution of the electrons in the posotive column is non-maxwellian at a gas pressure of 0.5 mbar. An increase in the gas pressure seems to make the distribution more Maxwellian.

The Prereversal Enhancement Of Thezonal Electric Field In The Equatorial Ionosphere, D. T. Farley, E. Bonelli, Bela G. Fejer, M. F. Larsen

Bela G. Fejer

The electric fields in the ionospheric E and F regions near the magnetic equator often show a strong eastward enhancement shortly after sunset and before the eastward (normally) daytime field reverses to westward. Several theoretical models of the low-latitude fields suggest that this enhancement is caused mainly or entirely by F region winds (the F region dynamo), but some authors have suggested that it could be produced solely by E region tidal winds. We give here additional calculations and arguments in support of the F region source. The enhancement of the eastward field for an eastward F region wind turns …