Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Smart Automatic Modal Hammer Predictor-Corrector Approach For Accurate Excitation Of Dynamical Systems, Mohammad Nasr

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This research introduces an innovative solution that revolutionizes the study of linear and nonlinear dynamical systems—a smart automatic modal hammer. With its affordability and intelligent capabilities, this automatic modal hammer becomes an invaluable tool for research and industry, enabling repeatable strikes with precise force control. This system's significance becomes particularly evident when studying nonlinear systems, which heavily rely on the excitation level for their dynamics. By offering a cost-effective design this proposed system proves to be robust in accelerating research on nonlinear dynamics, providing researchers with an efficient and accessible means to delve deeper into these complex systems. The proposed …

Particle-Imbalanced Weakly Interacting Quantum Droplets In One Dimension, I. A. Englezos, P. Schmelcher, S. I. Mistakidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We explore the formation of one-dimensional two-component quantum droplets with intercomponent particle imbalance using an ab initio many-body method. It is shown that for moderate particle imbalance each component maintains its droplet flat-top or Gaussian-type character depending on the intercomponent attraction. Importantly, large particle imbalance leads to a flat-top shape of the majority component with the minority exhibiting spatially localized configurations. The latter imprint modulations on the majority component which become more pronounced for increasing interspecies attraction. The same holds for larger mass or increasing repulsion of the minority species. Such structural transitions are also evident in the underlying two-body …

Novel Emergent Phases In A Two-Dimensional Superconductor, Simrandeep Kaur, Hemanta Kumar Kundu, Sumit Kumar, Anjana Dogra, Rajesh Narayanan, Thomas Vojta, Aveek Bid

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this letter, we report our observation of an extraordinarily rich phase diagram of a LaScO₃/SrTiO₃ heterostructure. Close to the superconducting transition temperature, the system hosts a superconducting critical point of the Infinite-randomness type characterized by an effective dynamical exponent ν z that diverges logarithmically. At lower temperatures, we find the emergence of a magnetic field-tuned metallic phase that co-exists with a quantum Griffiths phase (QGP). Our study reveals a previously unobserved phenomenon in 2D superconductors—an unanticipated suppression of the QGP below a crossover temperature in this system. This concealment is accompanied by the destruction of the …

Dispersive Shock Waves In A One-Dimensional Droplet-Bearing Environment, Sathyanarayanan Chandramouli, S. I. Mistakidis, G. C. Katsimiga, P. G. Kevrekidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We demonstrate the controllable generation of distinct types of dispersive shock waves emerging in a quantum droplet bearing environment with the aid of steplike initial conditions. Dispersive regularization of the ensuing hydrodynamic singularities occurs due to the competition between mean-field repulsion and attractive quantum fluctuations. This interplay delineates the dominance of defocusing (hyperbolic) and focusing (elliptic) hydrodynamic phenomena being designated by the real and the imaginary speed of sound, respectively. Specifically, the symmetries of the extended Gross-Pitaevskii model led to a three-parameter family, encompassing two densities and a relative velocity of the underlying Riemann problem utilized herein. Surprisingly, dispersive shock …

Novel Quantum Algorithms For Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (Nisq) Devices, Shikha Bangar

Doctoral Dissertations

Quantum computers hold the immense potential to revolutionize the current computing technology. However, the available quantum hardware, known as noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, poses a challenge as these devices have noise and imperfect qubits. Hence, there is a critical need to develop novel algorithms specifically designed to harness the capabilities of these devices. This work aims to develop and optimize such quantum algorithms for implementation on current quantum technologies by integrating principles from physics and machine learning. First, we developed the Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution (QITE) and Quantum Lanczos (QLanczos) algorithms on discrete-variable quantum computing settings to study the …

Quantum Computing And Information For Nuclear Physics, Chenyi Gu

Doctoral Dissertations

Quantum computation and quantum information, hot topics with immense potential, are making exciting strides in nuclear physics. The computational complexity of nuclear physics problems often surpasses the capabilities of classical computers, but quantum computing offers a promising solution. My research delves into the application of quantum computation and quantum information in nuclear physics.

I am curious about how to approach nuclear physics problems on a quantum computer. This dissertation studies how to prepare quantum states with quantum algorithms, as state preparation is a crucial initial step in studying nuclear dynamics. Two different quantum algorithms are studied: (i) the time-dependent method, …

Astrophysics, Cosmology, And Fundamental Interactions With Gravitational Waves, Anarya Ray

Theses and Dissertations

Several unresolved mysteries remain in our understanding of the universe that can be elucidated with a growing catalog of gravitational wave~(GW) and multi-messenger observations of compact binary coalescences~(CBCs). Current and future catalogs, assisted by robust modeling and scalable inference frameworks, will lead to new insights into the poorly understood physics of compact binary formation, independent measurements of the cosmological expansion, and unprecedented empirical probes into the very nature of fundamental interactions. The scientific potential of GW observations from CBCs is significantly enhanced through the detection of their multi-messenger counterparts. Similarly, multi-probe explorations of compact object universal properties that combine GW …

Use Of Geomagnetic Paleointensity As A Correlation Tool In The Eastern Snake River Plain Lava Flows, Melissa Marie Sikes

Theses and Dissertations

The Snake River Plain volcanic province stretches 600 km from eastern Oregon across southern Idaho and into northwest Wyoming. Over the past ~14 million years, olivine tholeiitic lava flows have accumulated. To assess ongoing volcanic hazards, it is important to quantify the number, timing, and size of eruptive events. This assessment requires correlating lava flows across coreholes within the Eastern Snake River Plain. Previous paleomagnetic research applied paleomagnetic inclinations to correlate flows between coreholes. This study tests whether using geomagnetic paleointensity – in addition to inclination – can increase confidence in the correlation of these flows. Pilot samples were retrieved …

Renormalization As A Tool For Nuclear Scattering & Binding, Chinmay Mishra

Doctoral Dissertations

Chiral effective field theory is the state-of-the-art when it comes to describing low-energy nuclear phenomena in a systematically-improvable and model-independent fashion. It is grounded in quantum chromodynamics – the fundamental theory underlying nuclear interactions – and consists of pion and nucleon degrees of freedom. In this framework, nuclear interaction is mediated by pions at long distances (in comparison to length scales at which quarks and gluons can be resolved), while finite-range “contact” terms account for the physics at short-distances. Together, they are organized into a hierarchy based on the orders (in powers of small momenta over a large momentum scale) …

Rapid Parameter Estimation Of Gravitational Wave Sources & Homologous Expansion In Common Envelope Events, Vinaya Valsan

Theses and Dissertations

Binary star systems are crucial for advancing our understanding of the universe. My doctoral research focuses on two related topics within the domain of binary star dynamics: gravitational waves from compact binary stars, and the evolution of the common envelope in stellar mass binaries.

In the era of multi-messenger astrophysics, swift identification and characterization of gravitational wave events is important for subsequent electromagnetic observations. The development of low-latency parameter estimation techniques is essential for providing astronomers with crucial information regarding the potential electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave signals. RapidPE is a highly parallelized parameter estimation scheme that achieves low-latency parameter …

Novel Physics In Unconventional Superconductors, Adil Amin

Theses and Dissertations

In this work, we consider the interplay of different magnetic orders and superconductivity.We consider both phenomenological and microscopic models to capture these interactions. The models are built using group theoretic arguments to ensure the constraints provided by the crystal symmetry are satisfied. We first consider a phenomenological theory for two transitions in superfluid 3He which involves coupling superfluidity and spin fluctuations through an approach called spin fluctuation feedback effect. We then apply this phenomenological approach to UPt3, PrOs4Sb12 and U1−xThxBe13 to obtain a common underlying mechanism for two superconducting transitions. We then consider odd-parity multipolar antiferromagnetic order i.e. Kramers’ degenerate …

Enhancing Interactions Among Dipole Excitations Using Surface Plasmon Polaritons: Quantum Entanglement And Classical Interactions, Jay Berres

Theses and Dissertations

The interaction of light with matter at the nano-scale continues to be an important research area for the application of nano-optical devices in wide ranging areas such as biosensing, light harnessing, and optical communications, to name a few. An important aspect of this is the interaction among dipole excitations (which includes classical dipole emitters, and dipole approximations of atoms, molecules, and other quantum objects), mediated by the device medium where they are located. Since the dimensions of these devices, by design, are at the nano-scale, the size of the dipole-dipole interaction space is much less than the wavelength of light …

Implementing General Moment Equations For Parallel Closures In Nimrod, Hankyu Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Understanding how magnetic fields impact plasma transport is essential for improving the efficiency of thermonuclear fusion power plants. To address the transport problem, both plasma fluid equations and Maxwell’s equations must be solved. To solve these equations, it is necessary to derive closure relations that allow the system to be closed. Previous closure models are useful for describing the behavior of high-collisionality plasma but are not effective at low collisionality. To obtain closure relations valid for low collisionality, the first-order drift kinetic equation must be solved.

This study presents methods for numerically obtaining parallel closures for NIMROD code by deriving …

Tuning Electronic Transport And Magnetic Properties Of Layered Magnetic Materials, Md Rafique Un Nabi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Two-dimensional magnetic materials (2DMMs) have gained significant interest due to their potential for novel physical phenomena and device applications. Mn2-xZnxSb, with its tunable magnetic properties and stable tetragonal layered structure, offers a rich platform for exploring these phenomena. The introduction of Zn into the Mn2Sb lattice efficiently tunes magnetic and electronic properties, making it a compelling candidate for high-performance spintronic devices. With this motivation, we synthesized Mn2-xZnxSb (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) single crystals using a flux method. Mn2Sb exhibits ferrimagnetic order below 550 K with antiparallel spins aligned along the c-axis for two Mn magnetic sublattice Mn(I) and Mn(II), …

The Role Of Efflux Pump Inhibitor In Enhancing Antimicrobial Efficiency Of Silver Nanoparticles And Methylene Blue As An Effective Photodynamic Therapy Agent, Yaran Allamyradov

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Efflux pumps are critical active transport systems utilized by cells to expel toxic substances, including antibiotics and photosensitizer complexes, thereby contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), which are compounds that obstruct the transport of molecules through these pumps, play a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapies against pathogens. This study investigates the effects of the EPI reserpine on the photodeactivation rate of pathogens when used in conjunction with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and methylene blue (MB), a common photosensitizer.

Our research reveals that the application of reserpine, in combination with Ag NPs and MB, leads …

Surface Patterning On Zirconia Dental Implants Via Laser-Induced Shockwave Imprinting, Inomjon Majidov

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Zirconia is rapidly becoming a preferred alternative to titanium in dental applications, primarily due to its aesthetic resemblance to natural teeth. This material’s tooth-like color avoids the aesthetic issues associated with the grey metal tint of titanium implants. Additionally, zirconia is hypoallergenic, making it an ideal choice for patients with metal sensitivities or allergies. Despite these advantages, zirconia generally exhibits lower biocompatibility and osseointegration compared to titanium implants. This study investigates laser-assisted, controlled imprinting technique on zirconia surfaces to enhance these properties. Our research used zirconia pellets, produced from powdered monoclinic zirconia pressed in a pellet press machine. Two methods …

Observation Of Gravitational Waves From The Coalescence Of A 2.5–4.5 M⊙ Compact Object And A Neutron Star, A. Abac, R. Abbott, I. Abouelfettouh, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 M⊙ and 1.2–2.0 M⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 M⊙ at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find …

Investigations Of Sulfurized Polymers For Their Use In Lithium-Sulfur Cells, Alan M. Rowland

All Theses

With the invention of the Lithium-Ion cell in the latter half of the 20th century, there has been a continued endeavor for innovation in compact energy-storage. Combined with the ever-growing need to move away from fossil fuels, electrochemical energy storage has seen a myriad of research projects in the pursuit of finding the ‘beyond-lithium’ cell. One of these projects that I personally assisted with was lithium-sulfur cells, which allow for a significantly greater energy storage capacity when compared to lithium-ion cells. In investigating a popular cathode in lithium-sulfur cells, sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN), it was hinted that there may be more …

2d Temperature Map Acquisition Using Hyperspectral Imaging System (Hsis), Anthony Kim

Masters Theses

Imaging techniques are close to our lives and are used for various applications. In the engineering field, one of the dominant techniques is hyperspectral imaging. It is a necessary tool that combines spectroscopy and digital photography and provides additional information on what is imaged by the imaging system. Hyperspectral imaging has been applied to various fields including remote sensing, cultural relic conservation, food microbiology, forensic science, biomedicine, etc.

In particular, work was done to apply hyperspectral imaging to measure the temperature and emissivity of an object. Due to its ability to measure temperature and emissivity without being in contact with …

An Analysis Of The Propagation Of Gravitational Radiation Under A Graviton Of Nonzero Mass And Its Implications For Cosmological Measurements, Margaret Johnston

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Under the assumptions of General Relativity (GR), gravitational waves propagate at the speed of light and their mediation can be represented as a particle through a massless graviton. We investigate the impact and observability of the presence of a massive graviton, how such a modification to GR would also modify the observed gravitational waves from astrophysical sources, and how this effect can be used as an independent measurement of cosmmological parameters, including the Hubble parameter H0. We simulate the impact of a massive graviton on compact binary coalescence observation in a near-future LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA interferometer network through a modification to the …

Implementing Radformation At Personalized Radiation Oncology: Enhancing Efficiency And Precision, Devin J. Peart

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

RadMachine is a data quality management application implemented at Personalized Radiation Oncology (PRO) to streamline quality assurance (QA) tests. It offers various functions assisting medical physicists in a radiation oncology clinic, including inputting, analyzing, managing, exporting, and monitoring QA data. Physicists create test lists following the recommendations provided by the American Association of Medical Physics (AAPM). These lists track results for units such as the Varian Edge, Varian BRAVOS, and Siemens SOMATOM go.Open Pro CT scanner. Ancillary equipment used for testing also has assigned test lists to store calibration factors and receive calibration expiration reminders. The primary goal of utilizing …

Magnetization And Age Of Ca. 544 Ma Syenite, Eastern Canada: Evidence For Renewal Of The Geodynamo, Tinghong Zhou, Mauricio Ibañez-Mejia, Richard K. Bono, Rory D. Cottrell, Wouter Bleeker, Kenneth P. Kodama, Wentao Huang, Eric G. Blackman, Francis Nimmo, Aleksey Smirnov, John A. Tarduno

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

The ca. 565 Ma Ediacaran geodynamo was highly unusual, producing an ultralow field 10 times weaker than present-day value of 8 x 1022 A m2. A ∼5 times rise in field strength is seen in time-averaged single crystal paleointensity data of ca. 532 Ma Early Cambrian anorthosites of Oklahoma (USA). The field increase could record the onset of inner core nucleation predicted by thermal evolution and numerical dynamo models. Here, we examine the renewal of the geodynamo through zircon U-Pb geochronology and single crystal paleointensity studies of plagioclase from the Chatham-Grenville syenite intrusion in the Grenville Province (Canada). U-Pb data …

Evidence For Rapid Variability At High Energies In Grbs, E. Casey Aldrich, Robert J. Nemiroff

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

Intrinsic variability was searched for in arrival times of six gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at high energies – between 30 MeV and 2 GeV – detected by the Fermi satellite’s Large Area Telescope (LAT). The GRBs were selected from the Fermi LAT catalogue with preference for events with numerous photons, a strong initial pulse, and measured redshifts. Three long GRBs and three short GRBs were selected and tested. Two different variability-detection algorithms were deployed, one counting photons in pairs, and the other multiplying time gaps between photons. In both tests, a real GRB was compared to 1000 Monte Carlo versions of …

New Empirical Formulae For Some (P,Γ) Reactions Of Astrophysical S-Factor And Thermonuclear Reaction Rates, Mohammed Issa Hussein

Polytechnic Journal

The study utilized weighted averages of cross sections in millibarn for (p,γ) reactions of ⁷⁴Ge, ⁸⁸Sr, ⁸⁹Y, ⁹⁰Zr, and ¹⁰⁷Ag medium target elements from the EXFOR nuclear data library and compares them with evaluated from TALYS 1.95 nuclear model code. These averages were employed to develop empirical formulas for the astrophysical S-factor, covering proton energies up to 5 MeV, and thermonuclear reaction rates up to 20×10⁹ K T₉ (T₉ is the temperature in units of 10⁹K). Polynomial formulas have been utilized to accurately model the calculated astrophysical S-factor and thermonuclear …

Answers To Frequently Asked Questions About The Pulsar Timing Array Hellings And Downs Curve, Joseph D. Romano, Bruce Allen

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the Hellings and Downs correlation curve—the ‘smoking-gun’ signature that pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have detected gravitational waves (GWs). Many of these questions arise from inadvertently applying intuition about the effects of GWs on LIGO-like detectors to the case of pulsar timing, where not all of it applies. This is because Earth-based detectors, like LIGO and Virgo, have arms that are short (km scale) compared to the wavelengths of the GWs that they detect (≈102–104 km). In contrast, PTAs respond to GWs whose wavelengths (tens of light-years) are much shorter than their arms (a …

Proton And Neutron As Coaxial Structures, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

We suggest that a proton and a neutron are coaxial spinning structures. It is assumed that an up-quark and a down-quark composing a proton and a neutron each contain three like charges revolving about the axis where one (in the up-quark) or two (in the down-quark) basic fractional charges reside. In the case of particles with more than one charge on the axis of rotation, for example in a down-quark, the distance between the charges on the axis is determined by the requirement of zero net force on each charge on the axis. In a proton, two up-quark and one …

Space Radiation Assessment And Mitigation: Meeting The Growing Demand For Shielding Solutions By Enhancing Models And Exploring Novel Shielding Opportunities, M. Laura Sorgi Johann

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The rapid growth of satellite technology and the increasing presence of vulnerable technology and human life in space have highlighted the need for improved shielding materials. Industry standard protocols for shielding are being pushed to their limits as we gain a deeper understanding of the harsh space environment and as chip sizes approach the scale of radiation wavelengths. Furthermore, the commercialization of space is attracting interest from industries such as pharmaceuticals and semiconductor crystal growing, as they explore the potential benefits of zero-gravity production environments. However, the eagerness to develop lighter shielding and the lack of consideration for existing tools …

Freedom As The Physical Notion. Mechanics Of A Material Point, Michael Vigdorowitsch

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This is a novel conceptual attempt to introduce freedom as a consistent physical notion. The present consideration is limited to mechanics of a material point. Adapted to physical representation, freedom is tested throughout the paper to conform to its general perception. It is first tried on such physical notions (but not restricted to) as potency of a set, Lagrangian, action, degrees of freedom. Defined as angular and essentially nonlinear variable, it appears to be dual as that the domain affords and that the material point possesses within the domain, not necessarily equal to one another. Freedom has to degrade if …

Variable Radio Emission Of Neutron Star X-Ray Binary Ser X–1 During Its Persistent Soft State, E. C. Pattie, Thomas J. Maccarone, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, James C. A. Miller-Jones, Manuel Pichardo Marcano, Liliana E. Rivera Sandoval

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ser X–1 is a low-mass neutron star X-ray binary and has been persistently accreting since its discovery in the 1960s. It has always been observed to be in a soft spectral state and has never showed substantial long-term X-ray variability. Ser X–1 has one previous radio observation in the literature in which radio emission was detected during this soft state, which is contrary to the behavior of black hole X-ray binaries. We have recently obtained 10 randomly sampled radio epochs of Ser X–1 in order to further investigate its anomalous soft-state radio emission. Out of 10 epochs, we find 8 …

The Potential Influence Of Immune Modulatory Molecules (Tgf-Βiii And Ctla-4) In Pathogenicity Of Pcos, Mustafa Riyadh Abdullah, Hazima Mossa Alabassi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and immunological dysregulation. Immune homeostasis and inflammation management require immune functions. T-regulatory cells (Tregs) regulate PCOS's immune system, inflammation, insulin resistance, ovarian function, and homeostasis. Transforming growth factor βIII (TGF-βIII) and Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated-protein-4 (CTLA-4) receptors on the surfaces of Treg cells are important for controlling the immune system. The study included 68 PCOS patients and 22 non-PCOS women controls aged 20–45. The waist-hip ratio (WHR) determines obesity. We evaluated serum levels and gene expression of TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 via ELISA and real-time PCR. Women with PCOS had significantly higher …