Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Quest For An Optimal Spin-Polarized Electron Source For The Electron-Ion Collider, J. Biswas, E. Wang, O. Rahman, J. Sharitka, K. Kisslinger, Adam Masters, S. Marsillac, T. Lee

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Superlattice GaAs photocathodes play a crucial role as the primary source of polarized electrons in various accelerator facilities, including the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson National Laboratory and the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. To increase the quantum efficiency (QE) of GaAs/GaAsP superlattice photocathodes, a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) is grown underneath using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). There are several challenges associated with DBR photocathodes: the resonance peak may not align with the emission threshold of around 780 nm, non-uniform doping density in the top 5 nm may significantly impact QE and spin polarization, …

Dynamic Exchange-Correlation Functional For Bandgap Optimization: Reparametrization And Machine Learning, Viviana Faride Dovale Farelo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

This dissertation explores predicting the physical properties of solids using first-principles methods, with a focus on Density Functional Theory (DFT). DFT uses the electronic density within a material to predict its properties, simplifying the treatment of electron-electron interactions and allowing the study of realistic systems with a balanced treatment between accuracy and computational efficiency. Additionally, machine learning (ML) is employed to create correlations between some physical properties of solids and other properties or parameters that are more difficult to calculate.

The main problem addressed in this study is adjusting the parameters in the Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) semilocal …

Spiral Wave Teleportation And Multiplex Network Synchronization In Light Sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky Systems, Shannyn Alicia Tyler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

We experimentally and computationally investigate dynamical behaviors in excitable and oscillatory media using light sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) systems. These systems are not in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, and have been proven to show various interesting phenomena including spatiotemporal patterns, self-organization, and chaos. We utilize the BZ reaction, a nonlinear chemical reaction, known for its relaxation-type oscillations, to explore the dynamics of these systems.

We examine spiral wave teleportation in an excitable media as an effective alternate defibrillation method. Spiral waves have emerged as a key phenomenon associated with the initiation and persistence of cardiac arrhythmias. Using a light sensitive …

Unveiling Quantum Communication: From Bell's Inequality To Neutrosophic Logic, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this mini-review, we delve into the intriguing realm of quantum communication, spurred by China's recent development of the Tiantong communication satellite. This satellite, shrouded in secrecy, hints at a revolutionary approach to communication that transcends the limitations of conventional signal transmission. We explore the foundational concepts of Bell's inequality and neutrosophic logic, elucidating their roles in understanding the non-local phenomena of quantum entanglement and its potential for secure and rapid communication. Additionally, we examine the connection between Bell's inequality and Shannon information entropy, unveiling the intricate relationship between quantum mechanics and information theory. Through this exploration, we glimpse a …

Ermakov Equations Can Be Derived From Zel’Dovich Pancake, And They Are Cold And Nonlocal Through Using Neutrosophic Venn Diagram, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

As we argue in a previous article, the labyrinthine worlds of Jorge Luis Borges are more than captivating narratives; they are portals to a deeper understanding of existence. By weaving elements of science-fiction fantasy with philosophical and ethical inquiries, Borges's short stories bridge the seemingly disparate realms of physics and the humanities, offering fertile ground for contemporary physics research. The present-day universe consists of galaxies, galaxy clusters, one-dimensional filaments and two-dimensional sheets or pancakes, all of which combine to form the cosmic web. The so called ”Zeldovich pancakes”, are very difficult to observe, because their overdensity is only slightly greater …

Assuming Photon As Extended Point Particle In The Hypersoft Topological Space And Other Hypotheses: Issues And Trend Analysis, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Following our preceding article, where we discussed alternative interpretations of the advanced perihelion of Mercury, the present article revisits the 1919 solar eclipse expedition led by Arthur Eddington, which famously provided the first observational confirmation of Einstein's theory of general relativity. We focus on the deflection of starlight data obtained during the eclipse, a cornerstone of this validation. Here, we explore three alternative explanations for the observed light bending that challenge the sole attribution to general relativity. Firstly, the paper begins by arguing based on criticisms raised by Tullio Levi-Civita, a contemporary mathematician, regarding Einstein's use of pseudo-tensors in his …

Transient Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy For Measuring Collisional Quenching Rates Of Co And Its Potential For Studying H2o, Jordan M. Polvere

Master’s Theses

Motivated by the necessity of non-LTE models that account for species that are not in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) in Titan’s and Earth’s atmospheres, collisional quenching rates of CO and H2O_(g) have been studied. Providing more accurate and precise values of collisional quenching rate coefficients is crucial in the development of more advanced atmospheric models, which are important to fields of science such as meteorology and astronomy. Rates of collisional quenching of CO(v=1,2) by CO and CO(v=2) by N₂ at approximately 301-321 K were measured by transient diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The rate coefficients of CO(v=1)-CO, CO(v=2)-CO, and …

A Method Of Measuring Hot Charge Carrier Drift Mobility In Germanium Detectors, Kyler Kooi

Dissertations and Theses

High purity germanium is a popular radiation detecting medium due to the excellent energy resolution that is achieved. The unique semiconducting properties of germanium allow a small amount of energy to create free charges in the germanium, which are then collected as a signal. Germanium detectors also have good spatial resolution. The shape of the signal can be used to identify the location of energy deposition in the crystal. Both of these properties make germanium detectors a popular choice in many felds, including security, medical, astrophysics, and particle physics. The properties of a germanium crystal should be well understood and …

Examining Factors Related To Access To Rigorous High School Physics For Black Males: Evidence From The High School Longitudinal Study Of 2009, Jennifer Dacosta

CGU Theses & Dissertations

In the landscape of American education, Black male students face significant barriers in accessing advanced science courses, a challenge that underscores broader issues of equity and inclusion. This study investigated the factors influencing Black male high school students’ access to earn physics credits, focusing on the interplay between school offerings, academic prerequisites, counselor support, personal efficacy in science, and socioeconomic status. Through a detailed analysis of data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, the research adopted a quantitative approach to examine how these variables collectively impact the educational trajectory of these students through multiple regression models which produced …

Constraining Models For The Origin Of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays With A Novel Combined Analysis Of Arrival Directions, Spectrum, And Composition Data Measured At The Pierre Auger Observatory, A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, B. Fick, D. Nitz, A. Puyleart, Et Al.

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

The combined fit of the measured energy spectrum and shower maximum depth distributions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is known to constrain the parameters of astrophysical models with homogeneous source distributions. Studies of the distribution of the cosmic-ray arrival directions show a better agreement with models in which a fraction of the flux is non-isotropic and associated with the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A or with catalogs such as that of starburst galaxies. Here, we present a novel combination of both analyses by a simultaneous fit of arrival directions, energy spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The …

Magnetic Spin Transport Coils For The N2edm Experiment, David C. Bowles

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

The n2EDM experiment is being construct at Paul Scherrer Institute to measure the electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM), in a search for new physics which could help explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe. To reach the experimental sensitivity goal of $d_n \sim 10^{-27}$, over an order of magnitude improvement from the current world limit, a spin polarization transfer efficiency of 99\% for ultracold neutrons entering or exiting the precession chamber is required, placing a stringent requirement on the adiabaticity of the magnetic field taper in the neutron guide system. The spin transport fields transition from 5~T (longitudinal) …

Qcd Analysis Of Flavor-Nonchanging Hadronic Weak Processes Through Next-To-Leading Order, Girish Lingadahalli Muralidhara

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

Studies in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory of the strong interactions, of low-energy hadronic weak processes utilize an effective Hamiltonian framework. Below the weak-mass scale, an effective Hamiltonian contains a series of Wilson coefficients and four-quark operators that come from the operator product expansion in the Standard Model. The effective hadronic Hamiltonian pertinent to a weak process is then obtained via a renormalization group analysis in QCD from the weak-mass scale to the low-energy scale of O(2 GeV). In this thesis, the construction and phenomenological implications of such an effective Hamiltonian for flavor-conserving, parity-violating quark processes in the Standard …

Topics In Quantum Information, Complexity And Chaos, Debarghya Chakraborty

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

This dissertation explores quantum information, the use of codes to describe quantum field theories, and introduces new concepts to characterize the dynamics of quantum many-body systems. The contributions of this dissertation are the following: 1) We constructed Narain Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) using additive codes, where the modular bootstrap constraints translate into algebraic conditions on the codes, extending previous approaches. This helps express key CFT data, including the torus partition function, in terms of codewords. We constructed optimal Narain CFTs for small central charges, and described CFT ensembles for asymptotically large central charge with large spectral gap. 2) We studied …

Lithium Tetraborate As A Neutron Scintillation Detector: A Review, Elena Echeverria, John W. Mcclory, Lauren Samson, Katherine Shene, Juan A. Colon Santana, Yaroslav V. Burak, Volodymyr T. Adamiv, Ihor M. Teslyuk, Lu Wang, Wai-Ning Mei, Kyle A. Nelson, Douglas S. Mcgregor, Peter A. Dowben, Carolina C. Ilie, James C. Petrosky, Archit Dhingra

Faculty Publications

The electronic structure and translucent nature of lithium tetraborate (Li₂B₄O₇) render it promising as a scintillator medium for neutron detection applications. The inherently large neutron capture cross-section due to ¹⁰B and ⁶Li isotopes and the ease with which Li₂B₄O₇ can be enriched with these isotopes, combined with the facile inclusion of rare earth dopants (occupying the Li⁺ sites), are expected to improve the luminescent properties, as well as the neutron detection efficiency, of Li₂B₄O₇. The electronic structure of both doped …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Beyond Standard Model: Electromagnetic Origin Of Strong Interaction Between Composite Structures Made Of Basic Elementary ±E/3 Charges, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

Interaction between spinning composite structures of quarks is considered. In simple variants of the quark structures, one basic elementary particle of charge of magnitude |e|/3 is on the axis of rotation and several basic particles of an opposite sign are revolving in the circular orbit about the axis. Each charge in the structure contributes to the electric field and electric potential around the structure. But only revolving basic particles contribute to the spin and to the magnetic moment of the structure. Equations for the axial electric field and the electric potential of each structure at points on its axis are …

Numerical Study Of Owls' Leading-Edge Serrations, Asif Shahriar Nafi, Nikolaos Beratlis, Elias Balaras, Roi Gurka

Physics and Engineering Science

Owls' silent flight is commonly attributed to their special wing morphology combined with wingbeat kinematics. One of these special morphological features is known as the leading-edge serrations: rigid miniature hook-like patterns found at the primaries of the wings' leading-edge. It has been hypothesized that leading-edge serrations function as a passive flow control mechanism, impacting the aerodynamic performance. To elucidate the flow physics associated with owls' leading-edge serrations, we investigate the flow-field characteristic around a barn owl wing with serrated leading-edge geometry positioned at 20° angle of attack for a Reynolds number of 40 000. We use direct numerical simulations, where …

Physics Ii, Kalani Hettiarachchilage

Open Educational Resources

Physics II, class code PHY 156 at College of Staten Island is the second part of two two-semester algebra-based introductory physics courses. This course overlaps of the following topics laws of electricity, magnetism, optics, and modern physics. The important laws of physics in these areas and problem-solving are emphasized. Problem solving is an integral part of the course, all contents are designed to think critically, analytically, and logically. Conceptual understanding is reinforced using interactive computer-based techniques, demonstrations, problem-solving strategies, and laboratory experiences. In this document, all the class materials including lectures, worksheets, homework, group work assignments, quizzes, and conceptual Slido …

Information-Rich 6d Single-Molecule Imaging Design Using Optimization, Tingting Wu

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

When studying biochemical processes, localizing the targets alone will not paint a complete picture. We also need techniques to probe how biomolecules interact with one another, including how molecules are organized into larger structures, how they are oriented with respect to surrounding molecules, and how local chemical parameters, like pH and hydrophobicity, vary spatially and temporally. My dissertation focuses on single-molecule orientation localization microscopy (SMOLM, Chapter 1). The objective is to develop imaging techniques for measuring how molecules are oriented with respect to their surrounding molecules, namely, 3D orientation. Achieving optimal imaging performance requires careful design of both the forward …

Combined Risk Based Inspection And Fault Tree Analysis For Repetitive 3-Phase Line Piping Leakage At West Java Offshore Topside Facility, Dona Yuliati, Akhmad Herman Yuwono, Datu Rizal Asral, Donanta Dhaneswara

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Hydrocarbon releases might result in serious consequences in various aspects. In addition to the contribution to environmental pollution, repetitive leakages need high repair costs. This study aim is to minimize potential repetitive leakage for other typical 3-phase piping systems. We conducted the risk assessment by adopting Risk Based Inspection (RBI) API 581 to identify risk level, calculating piping lifetime, recommended inspection plan and mitigations. The most relevant root causes can be obtained through quantitative Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Observation and investigation was taken from eight 3-phase piping systems that experienced repetitive leakages. It has been found that the risk level …

Nitrogen Gas Quenching Pressure Effect On Bs S155 Alloy Steel In Vacuum Furnace, Agus Mulyadi Hasanudin, Eddy Sumarno Siradj

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The production of metal and alloy products requires the use of heat treatment, when during the heat treatment process, quenching is a crucial step. The quenching medium can be anything from water, a salt bath, oil, air and gas. In a vacuum furnace, pressurized gas, most frequently nitrogen (N₂) gas, serves as one of the quenching mediums. One of the drawbacks of the quenching process is the distortion and dimensional change of the parts. This paper aims to investigate the influence of nitrogen gas quenching pressure on the distortion and dimensional change of aerospace actuator gear planet parts …

Physics I, Kalani Hettiarachchilage

Open Educational Resources

Physics I, class code PHY 116 at College of Staten Island is the first part of a two-semester algebra-based introductory physics course. This course overlaps many topics in the laws of classical mechanics, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, wave motion, and sound. The important laws of physics in these areas and problem-solving are emphasized. Problem solving is an integral part of the course, all contents are designed to think critically, analytically, and logically. Conceptual understanding is reinforced using interactive computer-based techniques, demonstrations, problem-solving strategies, and laboratory experiences. In this document, all the class materials including lectures, worksheets, homework and group work assignments, …

Creative Physics Syllabus For Online Class, Kalani Hettiarachchilage

Open Educational Resources

Creative Physics syllabus for all information and guidelines will be a big help for students to know about the class structure, expectations, submission, personalized class materials, class ethics, and requirements in one place. This detailed syllabus will be a very effective way of expressing the information to the class. Creating a detailed syllabus and engaging activity of in the learning management system such as syllabus review activity will help students to navigate through important items on the syllabus.

Production Of Zno Thin Films Used In Solar Cell With A Sol-Gel Homemade Dip Coater Technique And Investigated Of Their Structural, Morphological And Optical Properties, Z. Gã¼Ltekin, C. Akay, N. A. Gã¼Ltekin, M. Alper

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

We designed a homemade dip coater controlled by an Arduino microcontroller to produce semiconductor metal oxide films such as ZnO, CoO, and NiO. The developed device was successfully used to deposit ZnO film on a glass substrate. The structural, surface, and optical properties of the film were investigated. XRD patterns showed that the film is predominantly a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the ZnO film was uniformly and homogeneously coated on the glass substrate. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Zn and O in the film structure. Optical characterization by UV-visible spectrometry showed that …

Effect Of Electron Irradiation On Mechanical, Tribological And Thermal Properties Of Polytetrafluoroethylene, K. D. Ormanbekov, B. K. Rakhadilov, A. Zh. Zhassulan, N. E. Mukhamedov, A. B. Shynarbek, N. M. Magazov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The article presents the study results of the electron irradiation effect on the mechanical, tribological and thermal properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The results allow a better understanding of the processes occurring in the structure of PTFE under irradiation and reveal potential applications of the modified material with improved tribological characteristics, high thermal resistance and mechanical strength. In this work the samples were tested for wear resistance and thermal stability. It was found that the effect of electron irradiation leads to a significant increase in the microhardness of the material by 1.5 times compared to the initial state. However, degradation of …

Characterization And Luminescence Dynamics Of Mgf2:W Ceramics, A.V. Strelkova, V. M. Lisitsyn, L. A. Lisitsyna, T.A. Koketai, D. A. Mussakhanov, Zh.T. Karipbayev, A. M. Zhunusbekov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

This study delves into the synthesis and characterization of luminescent ceramics based on tungstenactivated magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) complemented with varying concentrations of lithium hydroxide (LiOH). Utilizing a distinctive sintering process conducted in an open-air milieu under robust radiation conditions, we successfully synthesized a series of tungsten-activated ceramics. Study revealed that the resultant ceramics prominently display luminescent properties, which can be excited by UV radiation in the spectrum of 200-300 nm, as well as by high-energy electron fluxes. The spectral characteristics of these ceramics, in terms of band position, half-width, and excitation spectra, are strikingly analogous to those observed …

Stability Of Non-Centrosymmetric Phases In Tetra-Coordinated Of Ldtm Intercalates, A. S. Shkvarin, M.S. Postnikov, S. V. Pryanichnikov, A. N. Titov

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

On the basis of comparison of temperature dependences of lattice parameters of CuCrSe₂ and Cu_0.5ZrSe₂ in the temperature region including transition between phases with centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric distribution of copper on positions tetrahedrally coordinated by selenium. It is concluded that the critical factor that ensures the stability of the non- centrosymmetric copper distribution is the covalent interaction between copper and selenium sublattices. This effect is not related to the anisotropy of the elastic constants of the lattice and can be observed in other layered structures with copper tetrahedrally coordinated by chalcogen.

Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Of Homooligonucleotides, T. Sharipov, R. Garafutdinov, A. Mishra, S. Santer, R. Shaikhitdinov, M. Balapanov, R. Bakhtizin

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

Short single-stranded DNA molecules of two types, consisting of dC nucleotides only or dA nucleotides only, were immobilized onto the surface of mica and silver substrates and studied by scanning probe microscopy methods. Geometric dimensions of the studied objects were determined. The currentvoltage curves of d(A)12 and d(C)12 oligonucleotides were measured. Their differential electrical resistances were estimated and compared with each other.

Study Of The Dependence Of The Degree Of Disordering Of The Surface Layers Of Si(111) And Ge(111) Single Crystals Upon Bombardment With Low-Energy Ions, B. E. Umirzakov, I. R. Bekpulatov, G. T. Imanova, I. Kh. Turapov, J. M. Jumaev

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

In the presented article, samples were studied using Auger electron spectroscopy, recording the angular dependences of the coefficient of elastically reflected electrons h, and spectroscopy of elastically reflected electrons. A change in the composition and degree of disorder of the surface layers of Si (111) was detected when bombarded with Ar⁺ and K⁺ ions with a change in energy E₀ ∼ from 1 to 10 keV and ion dose from ∼ 10¹³ to 1017 cm⁻². It was found that although the Ar and K atoms have the same masses, at the same ion energies, …

Computing An Image Of Objects Hiding Behind A Black Hole, Shannon Harding

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Gravitational lensing is the bending of light rays around a black hole. The goal of this project was to produce a computer code that would model light rays coming from a grid of objects set behind a rotating black hole. Using these light rays, we produced an image illustrating how this background of objects would appear to an observer on Earth. This was done by creating a MATLAB code to model the paths of multiple light rays at a time. This code was then used to help check and correct a C++ code that produced an image. Over the semester, …