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Articles 991 - 1020 of 11182
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effects Of A New Cellulase Derived From Acremonium On Silage Fermentation, K Atakul, A Aniwaru, N Narasaki, E No, E Chase
Effects Of A New Cellulase Derived From Acremonium On Silage Fermentation, K Atakul, A Aniwaru, N Narasaki, E No, E Chase
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) and timothy (Phleum pratense L) were ensiled in laboratory silos to evaluate the effect of cellulase derived from Acremonium (0, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02% to alfalfa and 0, 0.006, 0.012, and 0.024% to timothy) on silage fermentation. In alfalfa, the addition of cellulase inhibited the production of butyric acid, and as the percentage of cellulase increased, the concentration of ammonia decreased and the content of lactic acid increased. The dry matter recovery significantly decreased with the addition of cellulase. The quality of timothy silage also increased due to the absence of butyric acid. The …
Influence Of Drying Method And Temperature Of Ruminal Degradable Protein Of Switchgrass, D E. Farnham, K J. Moore, J R. George
Influence Of Drying Method And Temperature Of Ruminal Degradable Protein Of Switchgrass, D E. Farnham, K J. Moore, J R. George
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The nutritional value of herbage protein fed to ruminant livestock can be influenced greatly by the extent to which it is degraded in the rumen. This study was conducted to determine if drying method and temperature alters measurements of in situ ruminal escape protein (EP) of switchgrass herbage. Switchgrass harvested at the pre-heading stage was either air dried, freeze dried, or oven dried at 38, 49, 60, or 71° C. Samples from each of the six drying treatments were digested in situ in Dacron bags for 4, 8, 12, or 16 h. Drying treatment had a significant impact on EP …
Ensilage For Low Resources Farmers 1. Drum, Wirebasket And Pit As Silos, F.H. K. Asiedu, C A. Alexander, G Proverbs
Ensilage For Low Resources Farmers 1. Drum, Wirebasket And Pit As Silos, F.H. K. Asiedu, C A. Alexander, G Proverbs
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
King grass (Pennisetum purpureum x P. americanum) was ensiled in metal drum, wirebasket and pit silos in a randomized block design with eight replications in order to determine whether the silos produced silage of the same quality and at the same cost. Pit silage had the most desirable characteristics, followed by drum silage. Moisture content (708 v 718 and 741 g/kgDM for drum and wirebasket respectively), pH (5.18 v 5.65 and 5.77), ammonia nitrogen (137 v 149 and 164 g/kgDM), and butyric acid (8.5 v 11.2 and 14.6 g/kgDM) were lowest, while lactic acid (28.2 v 26.3 and …
Ensilage For Low Resources Farmers 2. Poultry Litter As Cheap Additive, F.H K. Asiedu, C A. Alexander, G Proverbs
Ensilage For Low Resources Farmers 2. Poultry Litter As Cheap Additive, F.H K. Asiedu, C A. Alexander, G Proverbs
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The effect of poultry litter (15% wet basis) additive on the quality of king grass (Pennisetum purpureum x P. americanum) silage was studied in a randomized block design experiment (8 replications). Compared with grass silage (G), grass + poultry litter (G+P) caused significant (P<0.05) reduction in moisture (G, 716 v G+P, 670 g/ kgDM), pH (5.41 v 4.72) and butyric acid (9.6 v 5.5 g/kgDM). Crude protein (CP, Nx6.25, g/kgDM), in vitro digestibility (IVOMD, g/ kgDM) and metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/kgDM) increased from (G)104, 536 and 8.00 to (G+P) 127, 613 and 9.19. In a feeding trial using St. Elizabeth x Barbados Blackbelly lambs G+P gave significantly (P<0.05) higher daily gain (182 v 149 for G). This was related to significantly (P<0.05) higher intake of CP and ME from G+P (71.9 v 55.1 g/d and 5.20 v 4.24 MJ/d).
Influence Of Addition Of Previously Fermented Juice To Alfalfa Ensiled At Different Moisture Contents, M Ohshima, L M. Cao, E Kimura, Y Ohshima, H Yokota
Influence Of Addition Of Previously Fermented Juice To Alfalfa Ensiled At Different Moisture Contents, M Ohshima, L M. Cao, E Kimura, Y Ohshima, H Yokota
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)was ensiled with or without previously fermented juice (PFJ) after wilting for 0, 3, 6 and 24 h. They were ensiled in 900ml glass bottles at 400g/800cm3 and preserved at 25°C for 45 d. The moisture content of the silages were 810, 730, 690 and 580g/kg, respectively. The PFJ was prepared by macerating 200g of freshly harvested alfalfa with 1,000ml of water, filtering through double cheese cloth, adding 20g/l sucrose and incubating anaerobically at 30°C for 2 d. They were added 2.5ml/kg of chopped alfalfa. Lactic acid fermentation of silage was enhanced bAlfalfa (Medicago sativa …
Additives As Preservatives For Wrapped Round Bales Silage Made Under Tropic Climate, J M. Paillat, G Mandret
Additives As Preservatives For Wrapped Round Bales Silage Made Under Tropic Climate, J M. Paillat, G Mandret
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In tropical highlands it is difficult to conserve harvested forage as silage. Tests with molasses as an additive, or using ammonium tetraformiate (ATF) or inoculants have been conducted to find out more about the fermentation process in these conditions. Sugar additives are not the primary factor in the fermentation process. Nevertheless, they are essential to make up for the small amounts of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in the forages, but only if the dry matter (DM) content is high enough (27% for temperate species, 40 % for the kikuyu grass). Even at high rates such as 5 l t-1 of …
Effect Of Storage On Quality Of Cowpea Haulm Hay Under Warm Humid Conditions, S O. Apori
Effect Of Storage On Quality Of Cowpea Haulm Hay Under Warm Humid Conditions, S O. Apori
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The effect of four months storage on chemical composition of hay prepared from cowpea haulm was monitored in a Coastal savanna environment in Cape Coast, Ghana. The average hydrometeorological conditions during the experimental period were 27.1oC of temperature, 30.1mm of rainfall, 80.4% of relative humidity and 0.80 water activity. Parameters measured were dry matter (DM%), crude protein (CP%), metabolisable energy for ruminants [MEr, MJME/KgDM], protein to energy ratio (p/E, g/MJME), pH, and rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN,%). The CP, MEr, P/E, pH and RDN values of 13.04%, 7.17 MJME kg-1DM, 18.18g/MJME, 6.35 and 58.83% of freshly prepared hay changed to 12.05%, …
Intake, Digestion And Performance Comparisons For Cattle Fed Macerated Vs. Roller-Conditioned Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Forage, Suwarno, K M. Wittenberg, W P. Mccaughey
Intake, Digestion And Performance Comparisons For Cattle Fed Macerated Vs. Roller-Conditioned Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Forage, Suwarno, K M. Wittenberg, W P. Mccaughey
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine whether maceration of alfalfa forage at the time of harvest will have a positive impact on intake, digestibility and performance in beef cattle. A performance trial conducted with 24 growing beef calves resulted in a 7% and 10% increase (P<0.05) in dry matter intake (kg/d) and daily gain (kg), respectively, when animals were fed alfalfa silage harvested with a macerator vs. a mower conditioner. Feed efficiency was not affected by treatment. Four steers assigned to alfalfa hay harvested with a macerator vs. mower conditioner showed no differences in dry matter intake, however, dry matter digestibility for the macerated hay was higher.
Comparative Characteristics During Wilting For Forage Harvested By Maceration Vs. A Conventional Roller-Conditioner, Suwarno, K M. Wittenberg, W P. Mccaughey
Comparative Characteristics During Wilting For Forage Harvested By Maceration Vs. A Conventional Roller-Conditioner, Suwarno, K M. Wittenberg, W P. Mccaughey
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Two studies were conducted to monitor forage nutrient and microbial changes during wilting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) forage in response to varying degrees of maceration at harvest. Early bloom alfalfa forage was harvested with either a roller conditioner (Control) or a macerator, with four degrees of maceration (Light, Light plus, Moderate and Severe) imposed. Macerated forage reached an 80% dry matter 10-27 hours sooner than roller-conditioned forage, the most rapid drying rates being associated with the more severely macerated treatments. Total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria populations tended (P < 0.07 and P < 0.08, respectively) to increase with maceration. Macerated forage, when exposed to precipitation, had lower (P < 0.05) crude protein and higher (P < 0.05) fiber concentration than roller-conditioned forage. Macerated forage, exposed to 2 cm precipitation during wilting without precipitation reached 80% DM sooner than conventionally cut alfalfa exposed to no precipitation.
Forage Maceration On A Self-Propelled Mower: Effect Of Windrow Deposition And Inversion, P Savoie, D Tremblay, J Lajoie, M Roberge, S P. Lemay
Forage Maceration On A Self-Propelled Mower: Effect Of Windrow Deposition And Inversion, P Savoie, D Tremblay, J Lajoie, M Roberge, S P. Lemay
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Forage maceration is an intensive conditioning technique applied at mowing with high speed rolls. Maceration has been observed to enhance the field wilting rate, produce a more efficient silage fermentation and accelerate ruminal degradation. An important technical hurdle has been to scale up maceration for wide mowers without reducing capacity. The paper descibes a three-roll maceration unit that was integrated in a self-propelled 4.2 m wide mower. A capacity of 2.75 ha/h and throughputs up to 14 t DM (dry matter)/h or 64 t WM (wet matter)/h were achieved in alfalfa and timothy. Compared to a commercial mower-conditioner, the macerator …
Dry Matter Yield And Nutritive Value Of Coast-Cross N1 Preserved As Hay, Silage, And Haylage, J B. Andrade, E Ferrari Jr, W Lavezzo, V T. Paullino, J R. Nogueira, G Braun, F B. Castro
Dry Matter Yield And Nutritive Value Of Coast-Cross N1 Preserved As Hay, Silage, And Haylage, J B. Andrade, E Ferrari Jr, W Lavezzo, V T. Paullino, J R. Nogueira, G Braun, F B. Castro
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Dry matter yield and nutritive value of coast-cross n° 1 (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers preserved as hay, silage and haylage were studied. The forage was harvested after 28, 35, 42 and 49 days of growth. Fertilization was completed with 400 kg/ha single superphosphate and 500 kg/ha 20-0-20 at the beginning of the experiment. The experimental design for dry matter yield (2 x 2 m plots) was a randomized block with four replications. Nutritive value was also analyzed in a randomized block design being the treatments arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial (three preservation methods and four ages). Dry …
Evolution Of The Nutritional Quality During Big Bale Ensilage Of Temperate Multispecies Pastures, L M. Gutierrez, E M. Viviani Rossi
Evolution Of The Nutritional Quality During Big Bale Ensilage Of Temperate Multispecies Pastures, L M. Gutierrez, E M. Viviani Rossi
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this work was to assess the evolution of the nutritive quality of big bales composed of multispecifies pastures (Phalaris acuática, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne and Medicago sativa). Ten big bales were analysed after 90 and 120 days for the following: dry matter (%DM); crude protein (CP, %DM); pH; neutral detergent fibre (NDF, %DM); digestibility in vitro of DM (IVDMD, %DM); ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N/%TN); soluble protein (SP, %NT) and non structural carbohydrates (WSC, %DM).The results were analyzed through variance of the means and significant differences (p<0.05) were found in percentages of DM (32.9% and 27.8%); CP (12.1% and 8.6%); pH (4.6 and 6.7); IVDMD (61.1% and 53.2%); N-NH3/TN (11.8% and 36.0%); SP (8.6% and 12.6%) and no differences were found in NDF (60.2% and 61.6%) and WSC (2.8% and 1.9%) (p>0.05).
The Drought Resistance Mechanism Of Phalaris Arundinacea L., Qi Guang, Zhou Bibua
The Drought Resistance Mechanism Of Phalaris Arundinacea L., Qi Guang, Zhou Bibua
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The measurement of morphological and physiological indices of Phalaris arundinacea to drying and irrigation treatments and in natural field conditions (ck) were conducted in tillering stage and stem elongation stage. Results show that plants in the drying treatment, compared with plants in the irrigation treatment and control, that their single plant leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll content, intensity of photosynthesis, stomatal area and plant yields were decreased, but the intensity of respiration increased. Through statistic analysis, none of those indices, except stomatal area, were significantly different. It indicates that the species of Phalaris arundinacea is strongly drought resistant and could …
Gene Transfer Of Ryegrasses: Down-Regulation Of Major Pollen Allergens In Transgenic Plants, X L. Wu, X D. Ye, Z Y. Wang, I Potrykus, G Spangenberg
Gene Transfer Of Ryegrasses: Down-Regulation Of Major Pollen Allergens In Transgenic Plants, X L. Wu, X D. Ye, Z Y. Wang, I Potrykus, G Spangenberg
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study is to generate transgenic ryegrass plants with a down-regulation of two major pollen allergenic proteins Lol p I and Lol p II. Antisense vectors for Lol p I and Lol p II cDNAs driven by the pollen-specific promoter Zm13 have been constructed. Corresponding transgenic plants have been recovered by particle inflow gun-mediated microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic suspension cells from perennial and Italian ryegrass using chimeric Act1-hph gene as a selectable marker. Their transgenic nature has been demonstrated by Southern hybridization analysis. The analysis of reproductive development and accumulation of pollen allergens in the transgenic ryegrasses …
Predicting Forage Production From Pasture By Use Of The Delphi Technique, E Hovingh
Predicting Forage Production From Pasture By Use Of The Delphi Technique, E Hovingh
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various pasture management techniques on the predicted yield of forage from pasture. Twelve researchers, extension and industry personnel in Atlantic Canada participated in the Delphi technique as well as the Conjoint analysis to arrive at estimates for the yield response expected from the use of single pasture management techniques and multiple combinations of the same. The results of the Delphi survey demonstrated that all of the pasture management techniques would increase the yield of forage, from seven percent up to forty-seven percent beyond the yield of unimproved, unmanaged pasture.
Foliar Blight Of Centrosema Pubescens (Benth) At Ibadan In The Lowland Humid Tropics, L Ezenwa, N A. Amusa, V O. Oben
Foliar Blight Of Centrosema Pubescens (Benth) At Ibadan In The Lowland Humid Tropics, L Ezenwa, N A. Amusa, V O. Oben
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The aetiology and epidemiology of leaf blight of centro (Centrosema pubescens Benth) was investigated at Ibadan in the lowland humid tropics of Nigeria. Rhizoctonia solani was associated with the leaf blight of centro. The pathogen was harboured by itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour) Clayton), a weed growing within and outside the centro plot. High inoculum population of 4.0 + 0.3 x 106/g soil was estimated in the soil. The seed of centro were free of R. solani. Field infection of the disease occurs during the peak of the rainy season beginning in patches which later spread causing extensive …
Endophyte Effects In Central European Festuca Pratensis Huds Varieties On Field Emergence And Yield On Various Sites, W Schoberlein, M Pfannmoller, S Eggestein
Endophyte Effects In Central European Festuca Pratensis Huds Varieties On Field Emergence And Yield On Various Sites, W Schoberlein, M Pfannmoller, S Eggestein
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Central European varieties of Festuca pratensis Huds. are sometimes infested by the endophytic fungus Acremonium uncinatum. This paper informs about field trials staged on 9 locations for studying biomass and seed yield of different Festuca pratensis varieties, each endophyte-infested (E+) and endophyte-free (E-). In the E+-variants of 2 selected varieties, which were tested in 17 field experiments for field emergence, the number of emerged plants per m2 was significantly increased in 8 cases, preferably on the same location. Analyses of the biomass yield furnished better results in most E+- variants, albeit seldom on a significant level. However, the average …
The Role Of Endophyte (Acremonium Lolii) In Listronotus Bonariensis Pest Tolerance Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum), E Torres, E Cisternas, L Angulo
The Role Of Endophyte (Acremonium Lolii) In Listronotus Bonariensis Pest Tolerance Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum), E Torres, E Cisternas, L Angulo
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the behaviour of new varieties of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and their tolerance to the attack of the Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) in cultivars with and without endophyte (Acremonium lolli). The variety of better behaviour was Aberoscar; although it does not have endophyte, it was not very damaged, the one which leads one to belive there are other factors besides the endophyte influencing this cultivar’s resistance to the Argentine stem weevil. The effect of the endophyte was of little importance in the control of the insect pest.
The Accession Of Grassy Weed Seeds Into The Soil Seedbank Of Grasslands, R.D B. Whalley, T S. Andrews, M R. Gardener
The Accession Of Grassy Weed Seeds Into The Soil Seedbank Of Grasslands, R.D B. Whalley, T S. Andrews, M R. Gardener
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Perennial grassy weeds of grasslands are usually characterised by substantial and long lived soil seedbanks. A comparison of the potential seed production and accession into the seedbanks of giant Parramatta grass (Sporobolus indicus var. major (Buse) Baaijens) and Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth) revealed big differences in their potential annual seed production and in the proportion being incorporated into the seedbank. The potential seed production of giant Parramatta grass was about 668,000 seeds m-2 and only about 0.3% of these were incorporated into the seedbank. The figures for Chilean needle grass were 22,000 seeds …
Winterkill Potential Of Alfalfa Under Different Snow Depths, R H. Leep
Winterkill Potential Of Alfalfa Under Different Snow Depths, R H. Leep
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The presence and amount of insulating winter snow cover are key factors in determining the potential of winter injury of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) In the Midwestern U.S. Four alfalfa varieties of varying fall dormancy ratings were planted in the summers of 1993 and 1994. Snow depths above the crop plots were kept constant at depths of 0, 10, and 20 cm during the subsequent winters with framed mesh covers. Winterkill percentages during the two seasons varied dramatically from 0-100% and were significantly higher for the 0 cm treatment than for 10 or 20 cm treatments. Nitro, a nondormant …
The Influence Of Sowing Rate On Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) And White Clover (Trifolium Repens) Types On The Clover Content In The Ryegrass White Clover Swards, O Y. Romero, B N. Butendieck, A C. Sleman
The Influence Of Sowing Rate On Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) And White Clover (Trifolium Repens) Types On The Clover Content In The Ryegrass White Clover Swards, O Y. Romero, B N. Butendieck, A C. Sleman
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine whether the sowing rate of ryegrass Nui (Lolium perenne), Giant and Huía white clover (Trifolium repens) influence the clover content in the ruegrass-clover mixed sward. The trial was conducted at the Carillanca Experimental Station. Three sowing rates were studied: 18, 12 and 6 kg/ha for Nui perennial ryegrass and 3, 4.5 and 6 kg/ha for Giant and Huía white clover. The clover content in the sward was increased by reducing the sowing rate of the ryegrass from 18 to 12 and 6 kg/ha or increasing the sowing rate …
Influence Of The Acremonium Endophytes On Agronomic Traits Of Perennial Ryegrass And Tall Fescue In France, C Ravel, F Balfourier, G Charmet
Influence Of The Acremonium Endophytes On Agronomic Traits Of Perennial Ryegrass And Tall Fescue In France, C Ravel, F Balfourier, G Charmet
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Seven cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with (EI) and without (EF) Acremonium endophytes were compared in trial plots at 5 locations in France. Such a trial was also established with 6 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars in 5 locations. These trials were sown either in 1994 or 1995. Yields and visual traits (rust and drought tolerances, vigour 6-weeks following the sowing) were assessed. The data were analysed by means of variance analysis with two main factors (cultivars and endophyte status) and their interaction. As interaction was not significant, some significant differences between EI and EF …
Acremonium-Endophytes Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) In France, C Ravel, C Astier, F Balfourier, G Charmet
Acremonium-Endophytes Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) In France, C Ravel, C Astier, F Balfourier, G Charmet
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Infection with endophytic fungi (Acremonium spp.) was detected in seeds of wild populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) collected in France by private breeding companies and INRA. In total, 262 populations were examined and 70% contained Acremonium. It is worth noticing that most populations are endophyte infected but generally endophyte infection rates per population were low. Isolation of endophyte from each infected population is under progress and had already shown that the two taxonomic groups of endophytes of perennial ryegrass are present. This work lead to a view of the distribution of Acremonium endophytes from perennial …
Screening Tropical Forage Grasses For Resistance To The Spittlebugs (Homoptera: Cercopidae), J R. Valerio, A P. De Souza
Screening Tropical Forage Grasses For Resistance To The Spittlebugs (Homoptera: Cercopidae), J R. Valerio, A P. De Souza
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Spittlebugs are the most damaging pasture pests in tropical America where extensive monocultures of Signal grasses, especially Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, have favored the buildup of spittlebug populations. Under severe spittlebug attack, the entire above-ground portion of the plant dries and eventually dies, thereby reducing the carrying capacity of infested pastures. Host plant resistance is a low-cost method of controlling spittlebugs. High level of spittlebug resistance is found in the cultivar Marandu (B. brizantha), but it requires more fertile soils. Brachiaria germoplasm is being screened for spittlebug resistance. In the present study, 30 introductions of Brachiaria were evaluated for …
Indicators Of Pathogen Potential Of Pasture Soils, R A. Skipp, R N. Watson, G C.M Latch
Indicators Of Pathogen Potential Of Pasture Soils, R A. Skipp, R N. Watson, G C.M Latch
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A simple pot test was used to indicate the combined effects of several pathogens common in pasture soils (plant parasitic nematodes and pathogenic fungi e.g. Pythium spp.) by comparing the dry weight yields of clover seedlings grown in untreated soil with those from soil treated in a microwave oven. Response to microwave treatment, expressed as a "Soil Pathogenicity Index", was greater with soil from old pasture or from areas in 2 year old pasture plots showing poor regrowth after grazing of white clover (Trifolium repens L) or Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum Bieb.), than from soil from new pasture or …
Impact Of Virus Resistance On White Clover Persistence And Productivity, G A. Pederson, M R. Mclaughlin
Impact Of Virus Resistance On White Clover Persistence And Productivity, G A. Pederson, M R. Mclaughlin
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to compare the virus-resistant white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm SRVR with virus-susceptible cultivars for productivity and persistence under clipping in several different environments. Four cultivars and SRVR were broadcastseeded in the field at Mississippi State, MS in the fall of eight different years. Dry matter yields were taken for 2-4 years after seeding using mowers for defoliation. Virus-resistant SRVR had greater dry matter yields than all four cultivars in the second year, greater than three of four cultivars in the third year, and greater than two of four cultivars in the fourth …
Appearance And Movement Of Fungal Endophyte In Annual Ryegrass, L R. Nelson, Chunguang Du
Appearance And Movement Of Fungal Endophyte In Annual Ryegrass, L R. Nelson, Chunguang Du
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In this study we investigated the efficiency of fungal endophyte (Acremonium loliii) transmission from plant to seed in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Results indicated that the endophyte begins to move up or grow up the plant at about growth stage 30 of Zodoks scale, when day temperatures were near 25° C. In our study, we found that the endophyte was not transmitted to all seed for two reasons. Most importantly, the endophyte was not transmitted into some seedheads even though the plant was infected, indicating the tiller was not infected. Secondly in some infected seedheads, a very small number of …
Influence Of The Fungal Endophyte Acremonium Lolii On Dry Matter Yield Of Perennial Ryegrass In Galcia, Spain, J A. Oliveira, J Collar
Influence Of The Fungal Endophyte Acremonium Lolii On Dry Matter Yield Of Perennial Ryegrass In Galcia, Spain, J A. Oliveira, J Collar
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A field experiment studying the impact of the ryegrass endophyte (Acremonium lolii), was carried out at two locations in Galicia (Northwest Spain): Mabegondo on the Atlantic coast and Puebla de Brollón in the interior. Of 56 half-sib families of Galician perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) studied, 28 held endophyte (E+) and the other 28 not (E-). All these families were established in trial plots in 1992. Significant differences between E- and E+ families were obtained, and E+ families had a higher (P < 0.05) first cut, spring and total yield than E- families at Puebla de Brollón (dry location) in the third year after planting. The infection of perennial ryegrass with some strains of A. lolii seems to benefit the host in stressful conditions. In some areas of Galicia, climatic conditions are often stressful for perennial ryegrass and the chances of E+ plants being favored by either natural or artificial selection seems high.
Insecticidal Activity Of N-Formylloline, D L. Dahlman, M R. Siegel, L P. Bush
Insecticidal Activity Of N-Formylloline, D L. Dahlman, M R. Siegel, L P. Bush
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Several insect species were sensitive to N-formylloline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in significant concentrations in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum (= Acremonium coenophialum) Glenn, Bacon et Hanlin. Topical or injected doses were toxic in a dose dependent manner. Acute doses resulted in quick incapacitation; lower doses caused behavioral changes, uncoordinated movements, tremors, etc. Insects tested included green bug, bird cherry-oat aphid, large milkweed bug, spined soldier bug, American cockroach, house fly, face fly, cat flea and Japanese beetle.
Autecology Of Prosopis Caldenia (Burk.) In The Region Of "Caldenal" Of The Province Of San Luis, Argentina, G E. Gabutti, M.J L. Privitello
Autecology Of Prosopis Caldenia (Burk.) In The Region Of "Caldenal" Of The Province Of San Luis, Argentina, G E. Gabutti, M.J L. Privitello
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Different estimates of the growth of Prosopis caldenia (Burk.) were related in the area of the “caldén” forest, Province of San Luis: trunk diameter, treetop coverage and total tree height to infer the annual growth percentage. The number of trees per hectare and their distribution was calculated based on size. Pod production per hectare was evaluated to determine forage potential.