Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Using Tickets To Enforce The Serializability Of Multidatabase Transactions, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, Marek Rusinkiewicz, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

To enforce global serializability in a multidatabase environment the multidatabase transaction manager must take into account the indirect (transitive) conflicts between multidatabase transactions caused by local transactions. Such conflicts are difficult to resolve because the behavior or even the existence of local transactions is not known to the multidatabase system. To overcome these difficulties, we propose to incorporate additional data manipulation operations in the subtransactions of each multidatabase transaction. We show that if these operations create direct conflicts between subtransactions at each participating local database system, indirect conflicts can be resolved even if the multidatabase system is not aware of …

Basaisa Solar Project And Sustainable Community Development, Salah Arafa

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]

Topic Bibliography On Sources Related To Service And Environment, Robin Vue Benson, Robert D. Shumer

Bibliographies

The sources listed on the following pages are in response to requests for information on service-learning and the environment. They were obtained primarily by conducting searches of the ERIC database on CD-ROM. Broad topics were chosen for a comprehensive selection of references. With several hundred records identified, only those with the closest relevance to the topic are included here. Where a source is available through EDRS, an ERIC number is included. In addition, references from several service-learning bibliographies and other references are included. The search for more sources of information on this topic is ongoing and this compilation will be …

Tourism Professionals Profile: Theme Park Managers, Robert M. O'Halloran, Christopher Siew L. Wong

Hospitality Review

Theme park managers are a unique group of tourism managers. Their perspectives on effective tourism management skills and abilities differ from some public sector tourism managers. The authors present the results of a study focusing on theme park managers and compare these results with those of other tourism manager groups

The Role Of Theme Parks In Tourism, Lou-Hon Sun, Muzaffer Uysal

Hospitality Review

Although the theme park has been a major tourism destination in the United States, little research has been done in this industry. The growing economic significance and competition of the theme park industry ensure that the study of theme parks will emerge as a more popular research topic in the years to come. The authors review related articles and identify potential research topics in the theme park industry.

Economic Incentives For Environmental Management: A Survey, M. Walid Gamaleldin

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]

Theology And Interpretation: A Footnote To Mcluhan, David Morgan Lochhead

Dr. David Morgan Lochhead

An exploration of the impact of electronic text on hermeneutics. Lochhead argues that electronic text processing undermines the stability of meaning that is associated with the printed word.

Predicting The Past, Recounting The Future: Human Ecology And A Prehistory Of Consciousness, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

This paper is concerned with the organic derivation and primary meaning of Pleistocene finger flutings; I propose that in order to gain insight into the significance of the flutings, we must attempt an understanding of the physical and mental contexts in which they emerged. I suggest that finger flutings provided a cultural record in the Pleistocene which documented thought and action, and made it ready for reflection. Through the process of finger fluting, the human 'self' was objected and reality was modified in the experience of self-consciuosness. I argue that finger flutings, like language, were employed to discover and convey …

A River Ran Through It... : The Cultural Ecology Of The Santa Clara Valley Riparian Zone, Erin M. Reilly

Research Manuscript Series

This study addresses the nature of human interaction with the riparian environment in the Santa Clara Valley over time. This is not a new anthropological theme. Literature dates to 1863 The Earth as Modified by Human Action, by George P. Marsh); cultural ecologist Betty J Meggars stated: "The relationship- of culture to environment is one of the oldest problems in the science of anthropology ... "(Meggars, 1968:19); and, anthropologist Alfred Kroeber said: "no culture is wholly intelligible without reference to the nonculture, or so-called environmental factors with which it is in relation and which condition it "(Kroeber 1906:297).

Along these …

Cover - Table Of Contents

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Reduced Leaching On Growth Of Seedlings Of Black Locust Inoculated With Rhizobia, William R. Graves, Sandra R. Anfinson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Seedlings of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were inoculated with compatible rhizobia and irrigated twice each week with solution containing either 50 or 150 mg nitrogen/L. Leaching fraction treatments of 0, 0.2, or 0.4 were maintained for 6 weeks. Seedlings supplied 50 mg nitrogen/L grew poorly compared co planes supplied 150 mg nitrogen/L regardless of leaching fraction. Dry masses of shoots and of entire planes were lower for seedlings in the 0 and 0.2 leaching fraction treatments compared with chose in the 0.4 treatment. Neither leaching fraction nor applied nitrogen concentration appeared co affect the number of nodules per plant, …

Age And Developmental History Of Iowa Fens, C. A. Thompson, E. A. Bettis Iii

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Iowa fens are small, mineorotrophic peatlands maintained by shallow groundwater. Eighteen fen sites located across northern Iowa were mapped and radiocarbon dated to assess the timing of initial peat accumulation. The radiocarbon ages span the Holocene, ranging from 1,240 to 10,900 B.P.; however most fens postdate 5,000 yr B.P. The dominance of late-Holocene ages suggests that Holocene climatic change may have strongly influenced the record of peat accumulation. During the mid-Holocene Iowa was warmer and drier than at present, and peat was degraded or accumulated slowly in fens. The range of ages also implies that the commencement and subsequent rate …

Building A Research Community For Outdoor Education (Preface), Anderson B. Young

Research in Outdoor Education

A preface to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume 2 is presented by the author on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

Outdoor Education Research: Implications For Social/Educational And Natural Resource Policy, Alan Ewert, Leo Mcavoy

Research in Outdoor Education

This paper discusses the relationships between outdoor education and public policy from the perspectives of natural resource management and social/educational systems. We present a historical and contempo­rary look at policy issues and conclude with recommendations on how the field of outdoor education can have a greater impact in the area of public policy.

(Keynote Presentation)

The Influence Of Outdoor Education On Curriculum Integration: A Case Study, Bert Horwood

Research in Outdoor Education

An ethnographic study of a high school program showed three factors from the outdoor component that enhanced curriculum integration: the inescapable consequences of students decisions in the outdoors, personal growth, and the sense of wonder experienced by students in their encounters with themselves and the natural world.

Front Matter, Coalition For Education In The Outdoors (Ceo)

Research in Outdoor Education

The Coalition for Education in the Outdoors initiated a Research Task Force in 1990 with the purpose of supporting the conduct of research in the field and the dissemination of the results. The symposium at Bradford Woods and these Proceedings offer evidence of the success of this task force. At the first symposium in 1992, there was general agreement that the symposium be a regular occurrence. The 1994 Symposium and these Proceedings are indicators of the Coalition's continued support of research in outdoor education. Information on future events will be available through the Coalition Office.

This article includes the Editors, …

Multicultural Education Through Shared Adventure, Alan N. Wright

Research in Outdoor Education

This paper explores a framework for using adventure education methods to achieve the multicultural edu­cation goals of increased understanding of one's own cultural heritage and a reduction in prejudice toward others. A cultural identity self is proposed for self-concept models. Prejudice reduction for shared adven­ture is expected based on the contact hypothesis and cooperative learning research.

The Relationship Of Continuum Scaling Scores And Certainty Scaling Scores On The Outdoor Situational Fear Inventory, Anderson B. Young, Thomas Quinn, Thomas W. Steele

Research in Outdoor Education

This study examined the reliability and relationship of two methods of scaling the Outdoor Situational Fear Inventory-continuum scaling and the more easily scored certainty method of scaling. With either scaling method, the OSFI and its subscales were reliable as measured by Cronbach's alpha. The relation­ships of the two instruments' overall and subscale scores were strong.

The Great Outdoors And Beyond: Common Threads In Leadership Training On Land, In The Air, And In Space, Cheryl Irwin, Maurice Phipps

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate a systematic approach to learning leadership in the outdoors. A single-case design was used with an expert from a related field taking part in an expedition using the Experiential Leadership Education approach to learn the "people" skills of leadership.

Outward Bound: The Congruence Of Principles And Practice, Cheryl A. Estes

Research in Outdoor Education

A questionnaire was developed to determine how well principles were conveyed during standard courses at two Outward Bound schools. Results showed that the principles of the schools were important and conveyed. Comparisons showed some differences in perception regarding the principles of compassion, cooperation, en­vironmental awareness, and service. Recommendations for further research were made.

Moods Of Outdoor Short Course Participants, Chris Cashel

Research in Outdoor Education

A purpose of this study was to demon­strate the cycle of mood states displayed by outdoor short course participants. It was hy­pothesized that participants on short courses experience fluctuations of mood states. Moods would follow a predictable cycle and will complete a range of moods. Mood states were assessed using the POMS (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1971).

The Status Of Evaluation In Aca Accredited Camping Programs, Karla A. Henderson, M. Deborah Bialeschki

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this descriptive evaluation project was to determine the current status of evaluation in American Camping Association accredited camps. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from a systematic random sample of camps. The results showed that camp directors placed emphasis on evaluations for helping them improve various aspects of the camp related to staff, program, facilities, and/or administration.

Learning About Ethical Outdoor Leadership, Karen Fox, Mark Reed

Research in Outdoor Education

Outdoor adventure programming has responded to changing societal and individ­ual needs by enlarging the goals and objec­tives of programs beyond the boundaries of the outdoor trip. Program missions, goals and objectives regularly include integrating people with and without disabilities, rein­forcing appropriate school and societal be­haviour in youth at risk, enhancing the self­ esteem of young people, teaching environ­mentally sound behaviour, and enhancing restorative healing for women survivors of abuse and people with terminal illness. These broader goals and objectives place different demands upon the outdoor leader and situate an outdoor trip within a larger context. This larger context connects out­door …

Moods Of 3-Week And 5-Week Outdoor Expedition Participants, Pamela E. Foti, Suzanne R. Daiss

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this research project was to investigate and document the cycle of mood states displayed by outdoor recreation expedition participants. It was hypothesized that an individual's moods pass through a predictable cycle during the beginning, middle, and end phases of a 3-week to 5-week outdoor expedition.This cycle would include fluctuations in mood states such as anger/hostility, confusion/bewilderment, de­pression/dejection, fatigue, tension/anxiety, and vigor. It was anticipated that ten­sion/anxiety would be high in the beginning, medium to high in the middle, and then low at the end. Depression/dejection was ex­pected to be low in the beginning, high in the middle, …

Anxiety And Outdoor Adventure: A Study Of State Anxiety And Activity Performance, Ben F. Tholkes

Research in Outdoor Education

This study explored the relationship between participant anxiety and perfor­mance in an outdoor adventure activity (a high ropes course). It has been widely sug­gested that a correlation exists between anxiety and performance of complex motor tasks during a physical activity (Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990).

Methods, Measures, And Madness: Possiblities For Outdoor Education Research, Karla Henderson, Karen Fox

Research in Outdoor Education

In this keynote presentation, the authors outlined the "Top Ten Reasons Why We Need More and Better Outdoor Education Research Methods and Measures" as the basis for our further discussion.

Wilderness Leadershiptraining:Influence On Judgment And Decision Making, Mike Mcgowan, Rogene Mckiernan

Research in Outdoor Education

A repeated measures design was used to examine changes in the level of moral deci­sion making attributed to participation in the ECOEE field studies program.

How Deep Ecology And Critical Social Theory Come Together In Outdoor Travel Guiding: On Thediscovery Of Being A Researcher, Bob Henderson

Research in Outdoor Education

The author describes planned research:

With 10 years of reviewing and keeping selections from the travel journals of over 50 trips, winter and summer, it seems appropri­ate at this time to address an Outdoor Edu­cation Research Symposium with a story of realization and research findings that speak to a liberation from oppressive cultural forces for a radically new conception of self (of "being a researcher"). Influences of nar­rative inquiry, emancipatory research, fem­inist theory and perspectival heuristic studies are all involved in shaping the ways of knowing, ways of teaching, and ways of valuing presented here as a new approach to …

On Evaluating Environmental Education, Ilka List

Research in Outdoor Education

Are we doing what we think we are doing in our outdoor environmental education programs? We need answers in order to improve our programs, as well as to convince funding organizations that we de­serve their money. Although most funding agencies know how difficult it is to evaluate qualitative experience, they still ask us to try. I think that children's art can provide such a tool. Although many people are not at all familiar with interpreting children's art, the skill is not difficult to learn, and the artwork reveals a great deal.