Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Disease Rating System., M Sweetingham

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Lupin hypocotyl rot trials, 85BA29, 85BA30, 85BA31, 85N054. Lupin root rot trials, 85WH31, 85WH32, 85WH52. Lupin root disease survey - Moora District. Common Root Rot studies, 82M26.

Mineralogy Of Kentucky Soils, Anastasios D. Karathanasis

Soil Science News and Views

Very few mineralogical data have been published for soils in Kentucky. As an initial attempt to classify mineralogy of the subsoil, a general mineralogy map of the state was constructed based on currently available information (Fig. 1). The map suggests that quartz, mica, and feldspars are the dominant minerals of the sqnd and silt size fractions and that illite, smectite, kaolinite and hydroxyinterlayered vermiculite or smectite dominate the clay size soil fraction. Soils of the Western Coalfields, Eastern Coalfields, and Eastern Pennyrile regions generally contain more quartz in the sand and silt fraction than soils of the Purchase, Western Pennyrile, …

Sub-Surface Drainage Methods For Salinity Control, P R. George

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Sub-surface drainage can control waterlogging and salinity of arable land by removing excess groundwater.

There are two broad types of sub-surface drainage: interception drainage and relief drainage.

The cost of drainage will depend on the specific design for the site. For relief drains the prime determinate of cost will be the required spacing. In general, clay soils of low permeability or seepage areas will need narrower spacings and will be harder and more expensive to reclaim than sands or areas only needing drainage of local water.

Drainage To Control Waterlogging, D J. Mcfarlane, T R. Negus, J W. Cox

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Drains can be classified in several ways. Drains on flat land have similar drainage effects on either side of the drain and are called relief drains. Drains on sloping land intercept seepage water moving down hillsides and therefore have most effect on the downslope side. They are called interceptor drains.

Drains can also be classified as being open drains (that is, open at the ground surface) or buried drains (for example, tube drains).

Saltland Drainage : Case Studies, P R. George, R A. Nulsen

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Over the past five years farmers have become increasingly interested in the use of drainage to overcome saltland problems.

Experimental work by the Department of Agriculture on sub-surface drainage includes tube drainage and drainage by pumping. The Department is also monitoring the performance of open drains installed by farmers. Major sites are at Esperance, Dalwallinu, Namban and Watheroo.

Some of these projects have been reported in an earlier issue of the Journal of Agriculture. In this article P. R. George, Research Officer and R. A. Nulsen, Principal Research Officer with the Salinity and Hydrology Research Branch, discuss recent results from …

Weed Seed Ecology., A. H. Cheam

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Emergence of weed seedlings from different soil depths. 82MT49, Mt Barker Research Station. 83MT4, Mt Barker Research Station. 82NR12, Northam Research Station. 83NR2, Northam Research Station. 82C37, Chapman Research Station. 83C3, Chapman Research Station. Longevity of buried weed seeds. 82MT50, Mt Barker Research Station. 83MT5, Mt Barker Research Station. 82NR13, Northam Research Station. 83NR3, Northam Research Station. 82C38, Chapman Research Station. 83C4, Chapman Research Station. Emergence of weed seedlings in relation to soil type and cultivation. 82PE32, South Perth. Emergence and fate of weed seeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed compacted soil. 84C49, Chapman Research Station. 84MT62, Mt …

The Ecology Of Skeleton Weed In Western Australia, Afghan Thistle Ecology, Reproductive Biology Of Gorteria Personata., J. Dodd

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. The ecology of skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Western Australia. Seed production and water use in the glasshouse, 84PE18. Seed production and water use by field-grown skeleton weed, 84BA17, 84BA18. Seedling root growth 85PE54 2. Afghan thistle (Solanum hoplpetalm) ecology Winter rosette survival 84N050. Regenerative ability of S. hoplopetalum, 85PE51. 3. Reproductive biology of Gorteria personata. Gorteria personata Floral biology Seed content of burrs

Capeweed, Radish, Wild Oats, Sarsaparilla, Four O'Clock, Saffron Thistle, Onion Weed, Carnation Weed, J. R. Peirce, B J. Raynor

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85WH59, Capeweed time of spraying. Demonstration, capeweed, oil additions. 85N080, radish, nozzle angles x volumes. 85N081, radish, nozzle angles x rates. 85N082, wild oats, nozzle angles x volumes. 85N083, wild oats, nozzle angles x Rates. 85ME1, sarsaparilla, chemicals. 85N075, sarsaparilla, chemicals. 85TS26, 85ME48, 85ME104, 85GE29, saffron thistle, control with ear spraying in pasture. 85TS41, 85GE29a, saffron thistle, chemical control of seed set, 85TS27, saffron thistle, grazing trial. 85GE36, onion weed, chemicals in pasture. 85GE35, carnation weed, chemicals in pasture.

Efficiency Of Cinch On Brome Grass Control., J. E. Holmes., R L. Thomas

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85GE34, 85A11, 85A12,

Cereal Weed Control, Cereal Disease, Roundup Effects On Wheat & Barley, Noxious Weed Control., J. H. Moore, E. B. Hoskins, G. Dean

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Pre-seeding Grass Control, 85AL41. Sorrel control with Ally, 85AL39. Capeweed control pre-seeding, 85AL40. Effect of PP 450 on wheat diseases, 83AL36. Roundup effects on wheat and barley, 85AL64. History effects on wheat responses, 85AL42. Garlon 480 time of spraying on blackberry. Blackberry herbicide (high volume) demonstrations and observations. Blackberry herbicide (low volume) demo sites. Comparison of sprayers and spray volume for blackberry control. Blackberry herbicides screening. Krenite on blackberry, 76 AL 8. Methods of Krenite application for blackberry Control. Blackberry Wettability. Ropewick applied 2,4-D Amine for Arum Lily control. Arum lily herbicide screening. Herbicide screening for Arum lily control. Herbicide …

The Ecology Of Skeleton Weed (Chondrilla Juncea) In Western Australia, Demographic Aspects Of Wild Radish (Raphanus Raphanistrum) Populations In Lupin Crops And Identification Of Populations Of Mesquite (Prosopis Spp) From The West Pilbara Region., F. D. Panetta

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

To determine what forms of skeleton weed are present in Western Australia and to map their respective distribution. To determine, on the basis of climatic characteristics, the suitability of various areas within the Western Australian wheatbelt for infestation by skeleton weed. To determine the amounts, viability and dormancy status of seeds produced by field-grown plants during summer and autumn months. To determine the effectiveness of conventional tillage practices in limiting establishment of skeleton weed seedlings. To determine the regularity with which seedling establishment occurs under field conditions and how the probability of establishment is affected by the time of germination. …

Serradella Trial Programme., L. Cransberg

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Serradella Line Evaluation - Stage 2 85A155, Serradella Line Evaluation - Stage 3 85A156, Serradella Establishment - Time of Seeding x Seeding Rate 85A157, Serradella Establishment - Pod Undersowing (Variety x Rate) 85A158, Serradella Establishment - Pod Undersowing (Inoculation) 85A159.

Farm Systems Research Involving New Pasture Species., C. W. Thorn, C. K. Revell

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The effect of grazing on Circle Valley medic production. Effect of rotations on M. polyrnorpha production and persistence and cereal crop yields, 84 KA 35, 85 LG 44, 84 KA 37 Effect of tillage x gypsum x nitrogen on continuous cereal production, 84 KA 28. Effect of gypsum x seeding rate on the seed yield of three pasture legumes. Pasture species tolerance to grass and broadleaf herbicides. Undersowing cereal crops with burr medic.

Phosphorus Nutrition., M. D. Bolland, M. J. Baker, C. H. Phillips

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trials reported on: 85 NA 34, 85 NA 35, 85 NO 63, 85 BA 34, 85 BA 36, 85 BA 37, 76 WH 9, 84 E 31, 84 M 63, 84 NO 69, 77 MT 2, 78 BA 7, 65 A 1, 69 WH 15.

Long Term Rotation Trials, Lupins: Wheat Rotation., I. Rowland, W. Hawkins

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Long term rotation trials 66M29, 67C13, 67N4, 68E5, 65SG5, 73SG16, Lupins : wheat rotation 80TS3, 82TS2, 82M26.

Soil Acidity In The Eastern Wheatbelt., W. Porter, S. Carr, P. Bourne

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Effect of profile acidity on nutrient and water use by wheat, 85M48. Effect of liming a wodjil soil prile on lupin production, 82ME10 and 82M5 . Lime banding in acid subsoils for wheat, 81M54. Liming topsoil. Rates of lime on wheat, 80M30. Residual value of lime (lupins 1985) 80M31. Survey Survey of extremely poor eastern wheatbelt yellow earth soils, 85ME92

Summary Of Rhizobium Experiments., J G. Howieson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The screening of 33 isolates of R. meliloti collected in Sardinia in 1984, and isolated on a low pH medium, 84ME33. Assessment of the possibility of establishing an 'Index of Symbiotic Competence' for species of Medicago, 85M57. Assessment of the effectiveness of several strains of R. meliloti on M.littoralis, and their saprophytic competence in an acid soil, 84ME35. The screening of the pre-1984 collection of R.meliloti held at the W.A. Department of Agriculture for acid tolerance, 84M34. Assessment of the survival of the Serena WSM419 symbiosis on a range of soil types, 84ME32, 84WH24, 84N18. Assessment of the acid tolerance …

Pasture Manipulation And Root Diseases Of Cereals., W Macleod

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Rotation for wheat comparing pure clover ley with a pasture ley, 79E15. Pasture renovation techniques and crop production in a 1:2 rotation, 81E35. Pasture manipulation effects on take-all, 85E32

Studies On The Effects Of Nutrition And Tillage Systems On Cereal Root Diseases., R. F. Brennan

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Micronutrients (Cu, Zn) and take-all, 83ES39, 83ES40. Nitrogen and Phosphorus rates and take-all, 83ES41, 83ES42, 83ES43. Split applications of Nitrogen and take-all, 84N1. Take-all and Manganese/Ammonium interaction, 84E1. Split applications of Nitrogen and take-all, 84E2. Cu residual on wheat and take-all, 67E9, 67E8. Take-all and Manganese/Ammonium interaction, 84LG2. Cultivation depths and timing effects on Rhizoctonia, 84E24. Chemical fallow and cultivation effects on Rhizoctonia, 85E33. Effects of cultivation depths and machines on Rhizoctonia and yield, 85E29.

Root And Foliar Diseases Of Wheat On Sandplain In The Geraldton Region., J. Wilson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

A project funded by Wheat Industry Research Council and Wheat Industry Research Committee of W.A. Interactions between stubble, rotation, ripping and nitrogen, ECRS, 85C53. The effect of type of cultivation implement, and time of cultivation, ECRS, 85C54. The effect of fumigation, ECRS, 85C91. Residual ripping responses from 1984, 84C15.

Long Term Minimum Tillage Investigations, Stubble Management Techniques, Deep Ripping And Seeding Machine Comparisons., R. J. Jarvis, L. G. Butcher, L. D.J. Smith

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

77 A 16, red/brown sandy loam. 77 WH 17, yellow clayey-sand (Wongan loamy sand). 77 M 13, red sandy clay loam (salmon gum, gimlet). 78 M 25, Yellow acid loamy sand (Wodgil). 77 Mt 15 Gravelly loamy sand/sandy loam - forest soil 77 E 18, fine white sand over fine sandy clay. 77 A 43, Brown loamy sand/sandy loam - Jam country.77 WH 88, Grey loamy sand over gravel at 50 cm - Elphin soil series – Mallee. 77 M 56, Red sandy clay loam - Salmon Gum, Gimlet. 82 M 35, Loamy sand/sandy loam – Mallee. 77 E 52, …

Experimental Summaries Various Trials 1985, R Madin, F Schoonens, A Lindsay

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85WH55, 85M55. The effect of timing of Roundup and spray.

85NO87, Evaluation of herbicides for control of lupins in cereals.

85NO89, Control of self sown lupins in cereal crops.

85NA59, Grass controI in barley with Isoproturon, Cinch and Metribuzin.

85NO88, Control of wild oats with hoegrass and oil.

85NO86, Tolerance of wheat to hoegrass and oil.

85NO84, Tolerance of lupins to Fusilade plus oil.

85NA63, Ryegrass control in crop with hoegrass plus crop oil.

85A15, Rates of Fusilade for seed set control in grasses.

85A17, Pasture topping herbicides and oils (Silvergrass).

85WH64, Crop oil additives to seed set control herbicides. …

Weed Seed Ecology, A H. Cheam

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Emergence of weed seedlings from different soil depths. 82MT49, Mt Barker Research Station. 83MT4, Mt Barker Research Station. 82NR12, Northam Research Station. 83NR2, Northam Research Station. 82C37, Chapman Research Station. 83C3, Chapman Research Station. Longevity of buried weed seeds. 82MT50, Mt Barker Research Station. 83MT5, Mt Barker Research Station. 82NR13, Northam Research Station. 83NR3, Northam Research Station. 82C38, Chapman Research Station. 83C4, Chapman Research Station. Emergence of weed seedlings in relation to soil type and cultivation. 82PE32, South Perth. Emergence and fate of weed seeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed compacted soil. 84C49, Chapman Research Station. 84MT62, Mt …

Salinity Control In Northern China, G A. Robertson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

China has vast areas of saline land, perhaps as much as six million hectares. Some of this saline land is a result of marine influence in coastal areas and some is the resultof soil formation in areas with saline geological deposits and inadequate rainfall to leach out the salts at that time.

However, most saline soils in China are as a result of secondary salinisation processess induced by a hydrological imbalance resulting from over-clearing of the land or irrigation. This imbalance has produced rising watertables bringing the salt closer to the soil surface.

In this article, G..A. Robertson, Commissioner …

Water Supplies : Dams And Roaded Catchments, W J. Burdass, T. R. Negus, A. L. Prout, I. A. F. Laing

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia's Upper and Lower Great Southern statistical areas include most of the broad-scale agricultural land south of a line from Perth to Hyden. Much of the area is well-developed and carries 13.4 million sheep, 203 00 cattle and 95 000 pigs, almost half the State's livestock.

There are few natural rivers and lakes to water livestock in summer and much of the bore water is salty. On-farm waterr conservation, therefore, consits mainly of excavated earth tanks (dams) which are filled by surface runoff or shallow seepage. In the drier areas and in the sandplain roaded catchments have neen built …

Low Rainfall Pasture Project., M. A. Ewing

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Variety experiments, rows 85M53, small plots 85M54, large plots, 85M43, 85N21, 85ME49, 85M44. defoliation comparison, 85M41. Pasture establishment systems, 85N25, 85N26, 85M52, 85M45, 85M46, 85M47, 85ME61, 85M62, 85M63. Cereals following pastures, 84M42, 84M43, 84M56, 84M57, 84LG34. Pasture wheat rotation, 82WH39, 82M47.

Drainage Prospects For Saline Wheatbelt Soils, P R. George

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Sub-surface or groundwater drainage by buried tube drains or open ditches can reclaim saltland in the Western Australian wheatbelt. However, this method is expensive and not all sites can be drained cost-effectively. Each drainage site is unique, so careful investigation of each site is essential before recommendations on drainage method and design can be made.

Hillside Seepages, R A. Nulsen

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

'Hillside seepage' is a local, descriptive term applied to almost any wet patch occurring out of the valley bottom. Depending on their surface appearances, 'hillside seepages' are described as 'springs', 'soaks', 'wet patches', or seeps.

Whatever they are called, seeps can cause problems. The land in the seep is wet, unworkable and non-productive. If the seep is saline and the water flows downhill, further land is lost from production, bared and subject to erosion. Even small seeps, while not affecting much land, break up a paddock and complicate the working pattern for tillage and harvest.

Draining A Saline Seep, W J. Burdass

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Sub-surface drains have dried out a salty seep on farm land in the Katanning district. Capeweed and clovers are now growing on more than three-quarters of the land that was previously bare or carried only patchy sea barley grass.

The drains are still running water after five years. The salt content of the surface soil has been reduced markedly and the salt content of the effluent water is decreasing.

However, to complete the reclamation, further drains will be necessary. Both existing and any new drains will have to be flushed periodically because blockages of pipes cause problems.

Assessment Of Waterlogged Sites, D J. Mcfarlane

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Soil is said to be waterlogged if any part of the plant root zone is saturated with water. In severe cases soil is saturated to the surface and waterlogging is obvious. Waterlogging is distinguished from flooding in which surface runoff brings down water from higher up in a catchment. However, flooding may result in waterlogged sites.