Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 9, September 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
Deadlines for Research Proposals
NWRRI Hosts Research in Action Conference
Opening: River Basin Planner
Hal Schroeder Speaks at ICE/WRC Conference
$1.6 Billion for Nebraska Sewage Needs
FY 1975 Title II Projects Announced
Discount Rate for Water Resources Projects Increases
Water Gun: Toy or Tool?
EPA Administrator Comments on Chlorine
Completed Water Projects Ignored
Senator Defends Current Water Policies
Rail-Barge System May Join Hands
Urban Water Pollution
New General Counsel of WRC
Research Review: Recharge Simulation Model

Metabolic Capabilities Of Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria And Their Role In Water Pollution, M. I. H. Aleem

KWRRI Research Reports

This report describes investigations into the physiology of microorganisms that are commonly involved in the oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds. The metabolic activities of these bacteria play a potent role in several fields of economic importance such as strip mining operations, water pollution, corrosion, metallurgy, petroleum technology and soil fertility processes.

The oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds was studied in the chemolithotrophs Thiobacillus denitrificans, Thiobacillus A₂, Thiobacillus neapolitanus, and a photolithotroph Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Cell suspensions from all of the thiobacilli catalyzed completely the oxidation of sulfide, thiosulfate, and sulfite to sulfate. The oxidation of thiosulfate in R. palustris …

Powers Of The State Of Kentucky In Implementing An Effluent Tax As A Part Of An Interstate Ohio River Basin Water Pollution Control Program, Anita L. Morse, Edward Zeigler

KWRRI Research Reports

This report is intended to set forth some of the problems and solutions involved in financing and regulating water quality control. The purpose is to record some of the major problems confronting those who legislate water quality, those who espouse technological answers, and those who see the problem in terms of economic solutions. The limits placed by political and institutional constraints on solutions to these problems are frequently not understandable.

Within this report are contained separate investigations: a study of federal-interstate relations and the interstate compact; a study of Kentucky's common law approach to water rights; a study of financing …

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium And Magnesium Content Of Northwest Arkansas Rain Water In 1973 And Trace Metal Analyses Of 1974 Rains, G. H. Wagner, R. W. Holloway

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 8, August 1974

Water Current Newsletter

Guest Editorial: Mandatory versus Voluntary, Dayle Williamson, Executive Secretary, Nebraska Natural Resources Commission
Deadlines for Research Projects
NWRRI Hosts Research in Action Conference
DEC Director Named
Nebraska Receives Discharge Elimination Report
Sewage Treatment Plant in Lincoln
Nebraska Drought
South Dakota Seeks Additional Missouri River Benefits
Main-Stem Water Marketing
OWRR Reorganized
ERTS Begins Third Year in Orbit
Sirotherm - An Australian Development for Purifying Water
Purpose, Policy and Objectives
Research Review: Alternatives in Area Management of Groundwater

Build-Up Of Mineral Content In Lake Dardanelle And The Effect On Zooplankton, Tom N. Palko

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Unsteady Flow Toward Artesian Wells By Three-Dimensional Finite Elements, Yang H. Huang, Shen-Jyh Wu

KWRRI Research Reports

A three-dimensional finite element computer program was developed for analyzing unsteady flow toward artesian wells. The program is designed especially for determining the drawdown around an artesian well penetrating fully or partially a nonhomogeneous and anisotropic aquifer of irregular shape and cross section. It can also be used as a general program for aquifer simulation and evaluation. A major advantage of the program lies in the minimum amount of input data required. By assuming the top and bottom boundaries of the aquifer as two arbitrary planes, the aquifer will be divided into six- or eight-node elements, and their nodal coordinates …

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 7, July 1974

Water Current Newsletter

Guest Editorial: Hal L. Schroeder, Chairman, Water Resources Research Institute Advisory Committee
Deadlines for Research Proposals
Research Contracts from Old West Commission
State Reclamation Projects Funded
Water Management Needed in Nebraska
DEC Issues Power Plant Permit
Rann Proposal Guidelines Available
Water Resources Information Program
Principles and Standards - Procedure #1
New Energy Developments Will Use More Water
Research Review: A Regional Model for Predicting Great Plains Evapotranspiration

Water Salvage Potentials In Utah, Volume I. Open Water Evaporation And Monolayer Suppression Potential, Trevor C. Hughes, E. Arlo Richardson, James A. Franckiewicz

Reports

An estimate of the potential in Utah for evaporation suppression by the monolayer film method is presented. The model estimates evaporation suppression as a function of wind speed, a four parameter exposure factor, and reservoir size. The estimated suppression factors vary from 0 to 30 percent and average 11 percent of the statewide total annual evaporation. Estimates of May to October evaporation and suppression potential are calculated for each of the 227 impoundments in the surface water inventory. A forthcoming report in this series will examine the potential for evaporation suppression by thermal destratification. This procedure, which is already being …

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 6, June 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
1974 Summer Institute
Deadlines for Research Proposals
Support Available for PhD Candidates
EPA and Feedlot Industries
EPA--No Exception
Fire on Asbestos
Solar Hot Water Heater Available
Cancer from Drinking Water
1975 Autos May Be Health Hazards
Soil Acts as Neutralizer
Jack C. Jorgensen Appointed Associate Director of OWRR
New State Institute Directors
Research Review: Improved Water and Fertility Management in Irrigation Systems

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 5, May 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
1974 Summer Institute
Dr. Peter Huntoon to Wyoming
Deadlines for Research Proposals
Two Matching Grants Funded
OWRR Scientist to Visit Nebraska
Nebraska's Research Needs
Water Permit Program Changes Hands
MRBC Announces Planning Goals and Objectives
Barbarossa Named MRBC Director of Planning
Nation's Water Quality - Getting Better or Worse?
Water Resources Development Act Signed
OSW Funds Cut (Again!)
EPA and WPCF to Recommend Changes to PL 92-500
More Flexibility for Effluent Guidelines
Research Review: Biological Control of "Sphaerotilus natans" and Other Related Species in Waste Waters

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 4, April 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
1974 Summer Institute
National Commission on Water Quality Announces Study Plans
Maximum Water Resources Development Urged
Department for Natural Resources Nixed in Favor of Short-Term Measures
Controversy Reigns Over Project Discount Rate
EDF Questions Flood Control Projects
Research Review: Practical Treatment of Feedlot Runoff

Finitely Generated Modules Over Bezout Ringsrwiegand@Unl.Edu, Roger Wiegand, Sylvia Wiegand

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Let R be a Bezout ring (a commutative ring in which all finitely generated ideals are principal), and let M be a finitely generated R -module. We will study questions of the following sort: (A) If every localization of M can be generated by n elements, can M itself be generated by n elements? (B) If M 0 R m = Rn for some m, n, is Af necessarily free? (C) If every localization of M has an element with zero annihilator, does M itself have such an element? We will answer these and related questions for various familiar classes …

Distribution Of Trace Metals In A Warm Water Release Impoundment, J. Nix

Technical Reports

A water quality study of the DeGray Reservoir, Arkansas, was conducted beginning immediately following the beginning of impoundment through the first year in which the reservoir was operated near normal pool elevation. DeGray Reservoir is the first major dam in Arkansas to be equipped with upper level release capabilities. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity were measured in situ at stations located over the old river channel. Samples were taken from selected levels within the water column at each station and analyzed for the following parameters: pH, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, alkalinity, COD, iron, manganese, copper, …

Water Current, Volume 6, No. 3, March 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
Water Resources Seminar Series
1974 Summer Institute
Administration Water Budget - FY 1975
Bureau of Reclamation
Office of Water Resources Research
Office of Saline Water
Water Resources Council
Commisson on Water Quality
US Geological Survey
Stream Channelization Critiicized
Investments in Transportation
Cloud Seeding Impacts Researched
$7 Billion Proposed for Environmental Programs
WRC Issues New Guidelines
Research Review: Biological Control of Blue-Green Algae

Seasonal Changes In Water Quality And Primary Productivity In Doe Valley Lake, Edmond J. Bacon, Stuart E. Neff

KWRRI Research Reports

Primary productivity and water quality were studied in Doe Valley Lake, a 147-hectare impoundment on Doe Run, a spring-fed stream in Meade County, Kentucky, from 13 June 1969 to 31 July 1972. Doe Valley Lake is monomictic during most winter seasons, but it is dimictic during more severe winters because of its morphometry and location on the borderline climatic region for dimictic lakes (37° N latitude). Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion is severe, and anaerobic conditions usually prevail by late June. A hypolimnetic areal deficit of 0.038 mg/cm²/day was calculated. Supersaturation of oxygen in the epilimnion was common, …

Water Resources News, Volume 6, No. 2, February 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
1974 Summer Institute
NWRRI Research Seminar
Water Resources Seminar Series
Future Water Use - Coal vs. Irrigation
Yellowstone River Basin Study Proposed
EPA Increases Tuition Fees
Changing Attitudes in the Corps
Social Effects of Public Works Projects
Water Programs Reorganized, Replaced and Removed
WRC's 6-7/8% Rate May Be Reduced
Cost Sharing Receives a Back Seat
Research Review: Digital Simulation of Conjunctive-Use Irrigation in Dawson County, Nebraska

Development Of Prediction Relationships For Water Requirements With Irrigation Cooling, Billy J. Barfield, John N. Walker, F. A. Payne

KWRRI Research Reports

A model for predicting leaf temperatures during an off-on mist cycle is presented. The model uses a combination of energy budget and aerodynamic techniques. The model was tested for dry leaf temperature and evapotranspiration predictions using average hourly data from Arizona. The accuracy was good. It was also tested for dry leaf temperature predictions using two to three minute data with a widely varying net radiation. When reasonable values of stomatal resistance were used, the agreement was again good.

The model was tested for prediction of wet leaf temperature prediction with a ten minute on, fifty minute off mist irrigation …

Water Resources News, Volume 6, No. 1, January 1974

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
1974 Summer Institute
Water Resources Seminar Series
Energy Conference Proceedings Available
Feedlots Pollute Western Water
Geothermal Energy Dangerous
Water Funds on Ice
Insurance Sales Up But Not Final
REAP Funds May Freeze
River Moratorium Continued
Do-It-Yourself Dam Plan Approved
Environment and Energy Headed in Same Direction
Pavement with Ready-Made Holes
Research Review: Biophysical Control of Water Loss

Agua, Vida Y Sociedad Moderna, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Conservation Of The National Estate, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In 1973 the Australian Government established a Committee of Inquiry under Mr. Justice R. M. Hope to inquire into the National Estate. Under its terms of reference the Committee was to assess the nature and condition of the National Estate and the measures which were being and should be taken for its preservation and enhancement.

Officers of the Department of Agriculture recognise that there are basic natural resources such as land, water, gene material and ecosystems which are essential elements of the National Estate held in trust by successive generations.

In a submission to the Inquiry, matters of particular concern …

Automation Of The Continuous Coagulation Monitor, Dee Mitchell, James J. Oskowis

Technical Reports

The development of automation in the past 50 years has paralleled the accelerating growth of today’s vast technological society. Automatic control systems are indispensable extensions of man's brain that enable him to monitor and regulate his complex environment. The principles of automatic control have a wide range of applications and interests in virtually every scientific field. The need for automatic control systems in vital applications of environmental engineering is both real and urgent. Extensive pollution has resulted in unavoidable water re-use and in the inevitable establishment of stringent effluent standards. Both water and wastewater treatment processes have necessarily become more …

Limnological, Ichthyological, And Parasitological Investigations On Arkansas Reservoris In Relation To Water Quality, John S. Carter, Carl E. Hoffman, Larry L. Olmsted, Raj V. Kilambi, Donald G. Cloutman, David A. Becker

Technical Reports

Lake Fort Smith, a 525 acre (212 ha) reservoir, was impounded in 1936 as a water supply for the city of Fort Smith. The reservoir is located on Clear Creek (Frog Bayou), a tributary of the Arkansas River, in the Boston Mountains 28 miles (45 km) northeast of the city of Fort Smith in Crawford County, Arkansas. A map and morphometric characteristics of Lake Fort Smith are given in Fig. 1 and Table I (Hoffman, 1951; Nelson, 1952). In 1956 Lake Shepherd Springs, a 750 acre (304 ha) impoundment, was created one mile upstream of Lake Fort Smith (Rorie, 1961). …

Changes In The Economy And Ecology At Proposed Lake Sites In The Salt River Basin, Kentucky, During Early Construction Of The Dam For Taylorsville Lake, Louis A. Krumholz, Stuart E. Neff, Edmond J. Bacon Jr., John R. Baker, Daryl E. Jennings, Andrew C. Miller, Vincent H. Resh, David S. White

KWRRI Research Reports

This is an extension of the work reported in Project numbers B-005-KY, B-016-KY, and B-022-KY that extended from 1 July 1968 through 30 June 1972. Permanent collecting stations have been established at 67 sites throughout the Salt River, Beech Fork, and Chaplin River drainages. Turbidities increases quickly as flow and runoff increase, and subside quickly when the rain stops. Suspended solids range up to 1,700 mg/l in high turbidities and vary considerably as a result of local spates. Water chemistry generally reflects the limestone nature of the substrate and physico-chemical characteristics of a typically healthy limestone stream. Bottom organisms are …

Sensitivity Of Vertebrate Embryos To Heavy Metals As A Criterion Of Water Quality, Phase I, Wesley J. Birge, John J. Just, Albert G. Westerman, A. Duane Rose

KWRRI Research Reports

Avian, amphibian and fish embryos were given continuous treatment with inorganic mercury, methyl mercury, cadmium and lead, to determine the sensitivity of embryogenesis to metallic poisoning. All metals produced substantial degrees of lethality and/or gross anatomical anomalies at 10 ppb or less. Treatment with inorganic mercury at 10 ppb produced 100% kill of frog embryos. Chick and rainbow trout embryos suffered 10-20% lethality when exposed to 1 ppb of either inorganic or methyl mercury. Lead and cadmium at 1 ppb produced 24-32% lethality in chick embryos. No significant differences were observed in the embryopathic effects of inorganic or methyl mercury. …

The Mormon Role In Irrigation Beginnings And Diffusions In The Western States: An Historical Geography, Kelly C. Harper

Theses and Dissertations

Irrigation has played an important part in the development of the Western States. Its beginnings have often been associated with the Mormon settlement in Utah. However, irrigation had its inception in the West long before the Mormons came to the Great Basin in 1847. The spatial extent of irrigation before this date included limited acreage in nearly every Western State.

Before their arrival in the Great Basin the Mormons had become acquainted with irrigation methods. Knowledge of irrigation had diffused to them primarily from the Spanish in the Southwest. Thus, they were well prepared to begin their irrigation enterprises in …

Environmental Evaluation Report On The Big Mulberry Creek Basin In Franklin, Madison, Newton, Johnson And Crawford Counties, Arkansas, Edward E. Dale Jr.

Technical Reports

The environmental evaluation report which follows is based on information supplied by the Corps of Engineers, Little Rock District, available literature, field observations made during the summer of 1972, and results of research now in progress on natural features of the Big Mulberry Basin. Since most major dams, levees, and flood retarding structures now in existence in the Ozarks have been constructed since about 1940, opportunities to make long term studies of their effects have been limited. Also, the natural vegetation, fauna, and archeology of the Big Mulberry Basin have not been extensively investigated, but available sources provide enough information …

Planning For Water Quality In The Virgin River System In The State Of Utah, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Continuous Flow Kinetic Model To Predict The Effects Of Temperature On The Toxicity Of Waste To Algae, James H. Reynolds, Joe E. Middlebrooks, Donald B. Porcella, William J. Grenney

Reports

A continuous flow kinetic model to describe and predict the effects of temperature on the toxicity of a specific oil refinery waste to the green alga,

Review Paper: Evaluation Of Techniques For Algae Removal From Wastewater Stabilization Ponds, E. Joe Middlebrooks, Donald B. Porcella, Robert A. Gearheart, Gary R. Marshall, James H. Reynolds, William J. Grenney

Reports

Introduction: Approximately 90 percent of the wastewater lagoons in the United States are located in small communities of 5,000 people or less. These communities, many with an average daily wastewater flow of only 175,000 - 200,000 gallons, do not have the resources to keep man at the lagoon sites throughout the day (38). A high degree of technical knowhow is usually lacking in these communities. Often only periodic inspection or maintenance is carried out by the general municipal work force. Therefore, the development of a relatively inexpensive method that does not require sophisticated and constant operation or extensive maintenance is …