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Articles 7981 - 8010 of 8291
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Water Resources News, Volume 3, No. 2, February 1971
Water Resources News, Volume 3, No. 2, February 1971
Water Current Newsletter
Ag, Engineering Student Selected for Institute of Water Resources Planning Analysis and Review Study
Cross-Florida Barge Canal Work Stopped
Controversy Over President's Decision
EPA Tells How to Reduce Household Wastewaters
1971 Summer Institutes Planned
Reorganization Proposals Would Affect Corps' Planning Function
Population and Production
Water Needs Included in Study of Nation's Raw Materials
Third International Seminar for Hydrology Professors at Purdue
Water Resources News, Volume 3, No. 1, January 1971
Water Resources News, Volume 3, No. 1, January 1971
Water Current Newsletter
March Seminar Planned
Environmental Education Act Approved
Air Pollution Research Measure Cleared for President Nixon
EPA Begins Inventory of Industrial Waste
Ecological Study on Cloud Seeding
Safe Drinking Water Research Measure Introduced in House
Qualifications to Conduct Research and Development Studies Requested
Congr. Morton Pledges Strong Conservationist Approach as New Secretary of Interior
CEQ Policy on Availibility of Environmental Impact Statements Critized
OMB's Action Vital on Critical Issue
OMB Wants Greater Discount Rate and Increase in Cost Sharing
Supplemental Money Bill Passes Senate with OE Research Funds
Controversary Erupts After Acts to Overrule Proposed New Guidelines
Research Review
Clay Cover For Roaded Catchments, J L. Frith, R. A. Nulsen
Clay Cover For Roaded Catchments, J L. Frith, R. A. Nulsen
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
RECENT dry years have stimulated interest in improved catchments for farm dams. Although roaded catchments have been installed on many farm dams in Western Australia, most of them fall short of their potential for increasing run-off.
Sprinkler Irrigation In Windy Conditions, K S. Cole, G. C. Brown
Sprinkler Irrigation In Windy Conditions, K S. Cole, G. C. Brown
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
THOSE summer winds—be they cooling afternoon breezes or scorching easterlies—are no help to the irrigationist.
Where sprinklers are used wind can result in uneven irrigation, reduced yields and spoilt produce.
Low Cost Filter For Trickle Irrigation, C R. Coffman, G. L. Godley
Low Cost Filter For Trickle Irrigation, C R. Coffman, G. L. Godley
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
CLEAR water is essential for a successful trickle irrigation scheme. Most water sources are not sufficiently clean and some form of filtration is necessary.
Farm Dams In High Rainfall Areas, G C. Brown
Farm Dams In High Rainfall Areas, G C. Brown
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
WATER storage is essential on most south-west farms to ensure adequate irrigation supplies in the dry summers. Government irrigation water supply schemes are limited and most farmers must supply their own water storage.
Irrigating With Underground Water, T C. Calder
Irrigating With Underground Water, T C. Calder
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
MANY farmers in South-West areas are looking to irrigation to increase and diversify farm production, particularly on the sandy coastal plain where irrigation in summer is essential for vegetable, fruit and fodder production.
Procedures For Trace Analysis Of Dissolved Inorganic And Organic Constituents In Water, Gary D. Christian, Charles E. Matkovich, W. Lynn Schertz
Procedures For Trace Analysis Of Dissolved Inorganic And Organic Constituents In Water, Gary D. Christian, Charles E. Matkovich, W. Lynn Schertz
KWRRI Research Reports
A study of different solvent systems for the atomic absorption determination of cobalt revealed that acetone results in best sensitivity. Acetone is the solvent of choice for the sensitive measurement of several metals. Hence, methods were investigated for the separation of acetone from water by salting out so that possible solvent extraction of metal chelates into this solvent could be performed. About two-thirds saturated calcium chloride proved to be the best system for salting out of the acetone. It is essentially a neutral salt and is in general a weakly complexing salt, resulting in minimum interference in solvent extractions. Solvent …
The Generation Of Flood Damage Time Sequences, John P. Breaden
The Generation Of Flood Damage Time Sequences, John P. Breaden
KWRRI Research Reports
There is a need in water resources planning to develop a procedure for determining the time pattern in which flood damages occur as a function of the rise and fall of the flood hydrograph. The widely-used approach for estimation of flood damages does not take into account the fact that the frequency of the annual flood peak may not be the same as the frequency of the total annual flood damages. As examples, several small storms during the year may do more damage than a single larger storm, or flood damages may be reduced by a reduction in flood duration …
The Effect Of Las Vegas Wash Effluent Upon The Water Quality In Lake Mead, D. A. Hoffman, P. R. Tramutt, F. C. Heller, Bureau Of Reclamation
The Effect Of Las Vegas Wash Effluent Upon The Water Quality In Lake Mead, D. A. Hoffman, P. R. Tramutt, F. C. Heller, Bureau Of Reclamation
Publications (WR)
This study developed from observations made during an earlier study on Lake Mead which was reported in CHE-70, Water Quality Study of Lake Mead. Results from that study indicated that poor-quality water was flowing into the Las Vegas Bay reach of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead. Also reports of deteriorating water quality, resulting in taste and odors in domestic water supplies taken from Boulder Basin as well as a reduction in the attractiveness of Las Vegas Bay for recreational uses caused by aquatic plants and algae blooms, indicated a need for a concentrated study concerning the effects of flows from Las …
Development Of Cold Cloud Seeding Technology For Use In Precipitation Management, Charles F. Chappell, Joel E. Fletcher, George W. Reynolds, William N. Mcneill, Ronald Campbell
Development Of Cold Cloud Seeding Technology For Use In Precipitation Management, Charles F. Chappell, Joel E. Fletcher, George W. Reynolds, William N. Mcneill, Ronald Campbell
Reports
This is a report of the world accomplished and results obtained under a 2-year contract. The primary objective of the Wasatch Weather Modification Project is to assess the effectiveness of selected procedures for increasing the water supply in the Wasatch Mountains by cloud seeding. As part of this overall objective, an airborne seeding experiment has been conducted for two winter seasons. Preliminary results of this experiment indicate a positive seeding effect within and on the periphery of the designated target area. A summary of project designs, procedures, and problems encountered is also included. Data processing, editing, analysis and display procedures, …
Hybrid Computer Simulation Of The Accumulation And Melt Processes In A Snowpack, Keith O. Eggleston, Eugene K. Israelsen, J. Paul Riley
Hybrid Computer Simulation Of The Accumulation And Melt Processes In A Snowpack, Keith O. Eggleston, Eugene K. Israelsen, J. Paul Riley
Reports
This study represents the first phase of an investigation to develop an operational simulation model of the point snowmelt process based on a time increment of one day or less. Mathematical relationships for various phenomena involved in the snowmelt process were proposed and tested. These relationships were combined into a model which is applicable to any geographic locations by determining appropriate constants for certain relationships. The model was synthesized on a hybrid computer and calibrated using field data from the Central Sierra Snow Laboratory. It was then tested with data from other well instrumented locations. Sensitivity tests were also conducted …
Inverse Solutions To Three-Dimensional Free Surface Potential Flows, Roland W. Jeppson
Inverse Solutions To Three-Dimensional Free Surface Potential Flows, Roland W. Jeppson
Reports
Methods are developed and defined for obtaining numerical solutions to three-dimensional, free surface, invisvid, incompressible fluid flows and three-dimensional free surface Darcian flow in porous media. Since those boundaries consisting of free surface are unknown a priori, a solution to the space boundary value problem resulting from a formulation in the physical space is very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain. Consequently, the methods described herein are based on a formulation in a space defined by a potential function and two mutually orthogonal stream surfaces whose intersections define the streamlines of the flow. In this space the positions of free …
The Detection Of Magnetic Fields Caused By Groundwater, Duane G. Chadwick, Larry Jensen
The Detection Of Magnetic Fields Caused By Groundwater, Duane G. Chadwick, Larry Jensen
Reports
Perturbations on the earth’s magnetic field may coincide with the existence of groundwater. Theoretical calculations are made showing how and to what extent this effect may exist. The suggestion is also made that water dowsers may get a dowsing reaction as a result of entering a change in magnetic gradient. Tests were conducted to determine the statistical significance of dowsing reactions obtained by separate individuals dowsing in a common test area. Approximately 150 people participated in the experiment over a period of one year. Chi-square tests showed considerable statistical significance. Virtually all people tested experienced dowsing reactions though most of …
Hydrologic Inventory Of The Great Salt Lake Desert Area, Gary L. Foote, Robert W. Hill, Daniel H. Hoggan
Hydrologic Inventory Of The Great Salt Lake Desert Area, Gary L. Foote, Robert W. Hill, Daniel H. Hoggan
Reports
The Great Salt Lake Desert, located in the southwest corner of the State of Utah"is a very dry region with sparse population and relatively small scattered areas of development. Since only a meager amount of hydrologic data has been collected and compiled for this relatively undeveloped area, the inventory presented herein is but a general appraisal of hydrologic conditions. Because of the small amount of development that has taken place and the general lack of hydrologic data, a water budget analysis is included for the Tooele Valley only.
Further Studies Of The Optimum Operation Of Desalting Plants As A Supplemental Source Of Firm Yield, Calvin G. Clyde, Wesley H. Blood
Further Studies Of The Optimum Operation Of Desalting Plants As A Supplemental Source Of Firm Yield, Calvin G. Clyde, Wesley H. Blood
Reports
The Operating Rule Program was developed in an earlier study to furnish a means to determine optimum desalting plant size, optimal operating rule, and costs of operating in conjunction with existing water supply systems, under the present study, five further objectives were accomplished: (1) The program was applied to a New York City water supply system feasibility study in connection with a dual purpose nuclear power plant to develop costs for adding firm yield to the New York City water supply system in conjunctive operation with the desalting plant. (2) The program was modified to enable assessment of stage construction …
Finite Difference Solutions Of Axisymmetric Infiltration Through Partially Saturated Porous Media, Chi-Yuan Wei, Roland W. Jeppson
Finite Difference Solutions Of Axisymmetric Infiltration Through Partially Saturated Porous Media, Chi-Yuan Wei, Roland W. Jeppson
Reports
Solutions are obtained to the problem of steady-state partially saturated infiltration of moisture applied over a horizontal source circle which moved through homogeneous soils toward a water table. A commonly accepted relationship between relative permeability and capillary pressure has been utilized in conjunction wit Darcy’s law to formulate the mathematical model. The solutions have utilized an inverse formulation and have been obtained by finite difference. The inverse formulation considers the magnitudes of the cylindrical coordinates r and z as the dependent variables and the potential function and the Stokes’ stream function as the independent variables (i.e the problem is solved …
Environmental Changes Produced By Cold-Water Outlets From Three Arkansas Reservoirs, Carl E. Hoffman, Raj V. Kilambi
Environmental Changes Produced By Cold-Water Outlets From Three Arkansas Reservoirs, Carl E. Hoffman, Raj V. Kilambi
Technical Reports
Water qualities of two natural streams (Buffalo and Kings Rivers), one new coId-tailwater (Beaver), and two old coId-tailwaters (Norfork and Bull Shoals) in northwestern Arkansas were studied from July 1965 through October 1968. The essential difference between the old cold-tailwaters and natural streams is a change in water quality which allows the development of a new productive ecological environment. Features which typify the old tailwaters are as follows: (1) relatively homioithermal temperatures; (2) stream beds scoured by strong hydoelectric power generation currents; (3) abundant phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates; and (4) absence of warm water game fishes. Environmental factors characterizing natural …
Land Levelling With Scrapers, K R. Southon
Land Levelling With Scrapers, K R. Southon
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
A VARIETY of earth-moving equipment can be used in preparing land for flood irrigation, but the best machine for extensive earth moving over some distance is a power-driven, carry-all scraper.
Simple Evaporimeter For Timing Trickle Irrigation, C R. Coffman
Simple Evaporimeter For Timing Trickle Irrigation, C R. Coffman
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
DIFFERENCES in soil types and size of trees in orchards make it impossible to give a single recommendation for trickle irrigation running time.
Daily running time for each situation can be simply and fairly accurately calculated from weekly readings of an easily constructed evaporimeter.
Impoundment Effects On Water Quality As Reflected In Parasitism Of Reservoir Basses, David A. Becker
Impoundment Effects On Water Quality As Reflected In Parasitism Of Reservoir Basses, David A. Becker
Technical Reports
Our aquatic environments are rapidly becoming useless as natural resources through pollution from various sources. It is therefore necessary for us to further understand the various means which relate to this process. The interrelationships between the physico-chemical and biological water qualities undergo marked changes during the ageing of a reservoir. Eutrophication of these impoundments render them rela-tively useless as natural resources. It thus becomes apparent that we must gain further knowledge of these processes if we are to devise methods for proper reservoir management.
The Behavior Of Pvc Pipe Under The Action Of Water Hammer Pressure Waves, Gary Z. Watters
The Behavior Of Pvc Pipe Under The Action Of Water Hammer Pressure Waves, Gary Z. Watters
Reports
Introduction: Hydraulic transients, commonly referred to as water hammer, occur in a hydraulic system whenver the velocity of flow in any one of the pipes in the system is caused to change. The magnitude of the pressure waves generated by a given change in velocity depends on the geometry of the pipe system, the magnitude of the velocity change and the elastic wave velocity in the system componenets. In turn, the elastic wave velocity depends on the modulus of elasticity of the fluid and the pipe material, the size and thickness of the pipe, the method by which the pipe …
A Computer Model Of The Quantity And Chemical Quality Of Return Flow, Jimmie L. Thomas, J. Paul Riley, Eugene K. Israelsen
A Computer Model Of The Quantity And Chemical Quality Of Return Flow, Jimmie L. Thomas, J. Paul Riley, Eugene K. Israelsen
Reports
A hybrid computer program is developed to predict the water and salt outflow from a river basin in which irrigation is the major water user. A chemical model which predicts the quality of water percolated through a soil profile is combined with a general hydrologic model into form the system simulation model. The chemical model considers the reactions that occur in the soil, including the exchange of calcium, magnesium, and sodium cations on the soil complex, and the dissolution and precipitation of gypsum and lime. The chemical composition of the outflow is a function of these chemical processes within the …
Development Of A Procedure For Determining Spacial And Time Variations Of Precipitation In Venezuela, Luis E. Ramirez
Development Of A Procedure For Determining Spacial And Time Variations Of Precipitation In Venezuela, Luis E. Ramirez
Reports
An analysis of the influence of the length of the record in the reliability of mean values of precipitation was made for the Caracus-Cagigal Station in Venezuela. Ten series of values were obtained for 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35-year periods, extracted for sliding intervals for the overall record of 75 years. The reliability of mean values computer from Figure 3 was quite low for 10, 15, and 20- year periods. The long term record means had higher reliability, increasing with the number of years in the records, but the differences are not important in terms of accuracy. Precipitation …
Detergent And Non-Detergent Phosphorus In Sewage, Donald B. Porcella, E. J. Middlebrooks
Detergent And Non-Detergent Phosphorus In Sewage, Donald B. Porcella, E. J. Middlebrooks
Reports
Introduction: Quantitative data on nutrient levels in sewage from homes which are using heavy-duty detergents and which have been restrcited from using such detergents is necessary before rational decisions on the removal of phosphorus from detergetn can be made. Furthermore, the effect of various standard sewage treatment schemes on phosphorus levels should be evaluated to determine the relative cost of such treatment. Then the cost (to society, the environment, and to the taxpayer) of phosphorus removal from detergent and/or from sewage effluents can be estimated and such data utilized to make the appropriate policy decisions. The report herein presented is …
Water Resources Planning And Social Goals: Conceptualization Toward A New Methodology, D. Peterson, H. Caulfield, R. D'Arge, D. Gordon, M Marts, T. Roefs, R. Roelofs
Water Resources Planning And Social Goals: Conceptualization Toward A New Methodology, D. Peterson, H. Caulfield, R. D'Arge, D. Gordon, M Marts, T. Roefs, R. Roelofs
Reports
A modeling concept relating water resource use to
The Effect Of Carbon On Algal Growth--Its Relationship To Eutrophication, Joel C. Goldman, Donald B. Porcella, Joe E. Middlebrooks, Daniel F. Toerien
The Effect Of Carbon On Algal Growth--Its Relationship To Eutrophication, Joel C. Goldman, Donald B. Porcella, Joe E. Middlebrooks, Daniel F. Toerien
Reports
Introduction: Natural and cultural eutrophication (enrichment with nutrients) frequnetly results in excessive algal growths thereby reducing the beneficial uses of surface waters (Hasler, 1947; Thomas, 1955, Edmondson et al., 1956, Oswald and Golueke, 1966, Skulberg, 1967, Mackenthun et al., 1968, Goldman and Armstrong, 1969, McGauhey et al., 1968,1969, 1970a, 1970b). Recent reviews emphsize that the prevention of further reduction in the quality of water resources requires the implementation of effective control measures (Goldman, 1965, Steward and Rohlich, 1967, Middlebrooks et al., 1969, Rohlich, 1969). Effective control of cultural eutrophication must involve the manipulation of those factors which affect algal growth, …
Application Of Operations Research Techniques For Allocation Of Water Resources In Utah, Calvin G. Clyde
Application Of Operations Research Techniques For Allocation Of Water Resources In Utah, Calvin G. Clyde
Reports
In this report a methodology is described for determining the optimal allocation of water supplies in the State of Utah to minimize the cost of meeting an assumed set of water requirements. A linear programming model was formulated to represent the ten interconnected hydrologic study areas of the state. The comprehensive model considers virtually all uses, areas, sources, transfers and costs of water. The model has 204 constraints and 3378 variables and was solved by the simplex method. Included in the results are the following: the optimal water allocation or the groundwater, surface water, and water transfers which minimize the …
A Computerized Method Of Precipitation Data Quality Control, Ronald H. Campbell
A Computerized Method Of Precipitation Data Quality Control, Ronald H. Campbell
Reports
A computerized data quality check and data edit program has been developed to aid in the processing of telemetered precipitation data. The logic considerations and program development are discussed and results are displayed. This effort has resulted in successful editing of large amounts of precipitation data gathered by automated remote data acquisition techniques. The application of this processing routine has resulted in reducing data editing costs to about three percent of that required to do the work manually.
Extending Utility Of Non-Urban Water Supplies, Jay M. Bagley
Extending Utility Of Non-Urban Water Supplies, Jay M. Bagley
Reports
Extending the utility of an existing water supply in any river basin suggests a management-planning approach under three general guiding principles: (1) minimize depletions wherever possible (thereby maintaining a greater manageable quantity with subsequent potential to satisfy more uses); (2) generally preserve, protect, and improve water quality (thereby retaining its itility for use by a wider variety of potential users); and (3) make carefully considered allocations (thereby assuring multiples duty, more optimal sequencing, and shifts in use to conform to current and projected soil preferences). There are many technological and managerial techniques that can be employed to implement these principles. …