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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 2524

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Power And Charge Deposition In Multilayer Dielectrics From Monoenergetic Electron Bombardment, Gregory Wilson, Amberly Evans, Justin Dekany, Jr Dennison Jul 2013

Power And Charge Deposition In Multilayer Dielectrics From Monoenergetic Electron Bombardment, Gregory Wilson, Amberly Evans, Justin Dekany, Jr Dennison

Justin Dekany

Power and charge deposition in multilayer dielectrics from electron bombardment is dependent upon the flux and electron range of the electron beam, where the range,--a lso known as the penetration depth—is dependent upon the incident beam energy. Using the Continuous Slow Down Approximation (CSDA), a composite analytical formula has been developed to relate the electron range to the dose rate and subsequently to the deposited power in each subsequent layer. Based on the constituent layer geometry and material , the deposited charge can also be inferred. To validate these models two separate experiments were conducted, one based on the net …


Hfco7-Based Rare-Earth-Free Permanent-Magnet Alloys, Bhaskar Das Jun 2013

Hfco7-Based Rare-Earth-Free Permanent-Magnet Alloys, Bhaskar Das

B. Das

This study presents the structural and magnetic properties of melt-spun HfCo7,HfCo7-xFex (0.25 ≤ × ≤ 1) and HfCo7Six(0.2 ≤ × ≤1.2) alloys. Appreciable permanent-magnet properties with a magnetocrystalline anisotropy of about 9.6-16.5 Mergs/cm3, a magnetic polarization Js ≈ 7.2-10.6 kG, and coercivities Hc = 0.5-3.0 kOe were obtained by varying the composition of these alloys. Structural analysis reveals that the positions of x-ray diffraction peaks of HfCo7 show good agreement with those corresponding to an orthorhombic structure having lattice parameters of about α = 4.719 Å, b = 4.278 Å, and c = 8.070 Å. Based on these results, a …


Insights Into High Mass Star Formation From Methanol Maser Observations., Hontas Freeman Farmer Jun 2013

Insights Into High Mass Star Formation From Methanol Maser Observations., Hontas Freeman Farmer

Hontas F Farmer

We present high angular resolution data on Class I and Class II methanol masers, together with other tracers of star formation like H2O masers, ultracompact (UC) ionized hydrogen (H II) regions, and 4.5 μm infrared sources, taken from the literature. The aim is to study what these data tell us about the process of high mass star formation; in particular, whether disk-outflow systems are compatible with the morphology exhibited by Class I and Class II methanol masers. Stars form in the dense cores inside molecular clouds, and while the process of the formation of stars like our Sun is reasonably …


Proofs Of The Kochen-Specker Theorem Based On The N-Qubit Pauli Group, Padmanabhan Aravind, Mordecai Waegell Jun 2013

Proofs Of The Kochen-Specker Theorem Based On The N-Qubit Pauli Group, Padmanabhan Aravind, Mordecai Waegell

Padmanabhan K. Aravind

We present a number of observables-based proofs of the KochenSpecker (KS) theorem based on the N-qubit Pauli group for N ≥ 4, thus adding to the proofs that have been presented earlier for the 2- and 3-qubit groups. These proofs have the attractive feature that they can be presented in the form of diagrams from which they are obvious by inspection. They are also irreducible in the sense that they cannot be reduced to smaller proofs by ignoring some subset of qubits and/or observables in them. A simple algorithm is given for transforming any observables-based KS proof into a large …


Recognition And Resolution Of 'Comprehension Uncertainty' In Ai, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Kumar Jun 2013

Recognition And Resolution Of 'Comprehension Uncertainty' In Ai, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Kumar

Kuldeep Kumar

Handling uncertainty is an important component of most intelligent behaviour – so uncertainty resolution is a key step in the design of an artificially intelligent decision system (Clark, 1990). Like other aspects of intelligent systems design, the aspect of uncertainty resolution is also typically sought to be handled by emulating natural intelligence (Halpern, 2003; Ball and Christensen, 2009). In this regard, a number of computational uncertainty resolution approaches have been proposed and tested by Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers over the past several decades since birth of Al as a scientific discipline in early 1950s post- publication of Alan Turing's landmark …


Touch: In-Memory Spatial Join By Hierarchical Data-Oriented Partitioning, Sadegh Nobari, Farhan Tauheed, Thomas Heinis, Panagiotis Karras, Stéphane Bressan, Anastasia Ailamaki Jun 2013

Touch: In-Memory Spatial Join By Hierarchical Data-Oriented Partitioning, Sadegh Nobari, Farhan Tauheed, Thomas Heinis, Panagiotis Karras, Stéphane Bressan, Anastasia Ailamaki

Sadegh Nobari

Efficient spatial joins are pivotal for many applications and particularly important for geographical information systems or for the simulation sciences where scientists work with spatial models. Past research has primarily focused on disk-based spatial joins; efficient in- memory approaches, however, are important for two reasons: a) main memory has grown so large that many datasets fit in it and b) the in-memory join is a very time-consuming part of all disk-based spatial joins.


Late Quaternary Aeolian And Fluvial Interactions On The Cooper Creek Fan And The Association Between Linear And Source-Bordering Dunes, Strzelecki Desert, Australia, Timothy Cohen, Gerald Nanson, Joshua Larsen, B. Jones, David Price, Maria Coleman, Tim Pietsch Jun 2013

Late Quaternary Aeolian And Fluvial Interactions On The Cooper Creek Fan And The Association Between Linear And Source-Bordering Dunes, Strzelecki Desert, Australia, Timothy Cohen, Gerald Nanson, Joshua Larsen, B. Jones, David Price, Maria Coleman, Tim Pietsch

B. G. Jones

The Innamincka Dome and associated low-gradient fan in the Strzelecki Desert is the product of Cenozoic crustal warping that has aided formation of an extensive array of palaeochannels, source-bordering transverse dunes and superimposed linear dunes. These dunes have impeded the course of Cooper Creek and provided a repository of evidence for Quaternary climate change as well as the interactive processes between transverse and linear dune formation. At Turra, Gidgealpa and sites nearby are extensive fluvial and aeolian sand bodies that date from marine isotope stages (MIS) 8-3 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and are now surrounded or buried by …


Assembly Of Uniaxially Aligned Rare-Earth-Free Nanomagnets, B. Balamurugan, B. Das, V. R. Shah, Ralph Skomski, X. Z. Li, David Sellmyer Jun 2013

Assembly Of Uniaxially Aligned Rare-Earth-Free Nanomagnets, B. Balamurugan, B. Das, V. R. Shah, Ralph Skomski, X. Z. Li, David Sellmyer

B. Das

We report HfCo7 nanoparticles with appreciable permanent-magnet properties (magnetocrystalline anisotropy K1≈10 Mergs/cm3, coercivity Hc ≈ 4.4 kOe, and magnetic polarization Js≈10.9 kG at 300 K) deposited by a single-step cluster-deposition method. The direct crystalline-ordering of nanoparticles during the gas-aggregation process, without the requirement of a high-temperature thermal annealing, provides an unique opportunity to align their easy axes uniaxially by applying a magnetic field of about 5 kOe prior to deposition, and subsequently to fabricate exchange-coupled nanocomposites having Js as high as 16.6 kG by co-depositing soft magnetic Fe-Co. This study suggests HfCo7 as a promising rare-earth-free permanent-magnet alloy, which is …


A Mathematical Model Of Cinematic Box-Office Dynamics With Geographic Effects, Ron Buckmire, David Edwards, Jacob Ortega-Gingrich Jun 2013

A Mathematical Model Of Cinematic Box-Office Dynamics With Geographic Effects, Ron Buckmire, David Edwards, Jacob Ortega-Gingrich

Ron Buckmire

No abstract provided.


Estimating The Effect Of A Community-Based Intervention With Two Communities, Mark Van Der Laan, Maya Petersen, Wenjing Zheng May 2013

Estimating The Effect Of A Community-Based Intervention With Two Communities, Mark Van Der Laan, Maya Petersen, Wenjing Zheng

Wenjing Zheng

Due to the need to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based programs in practice, there is substantial interest in methods to estimate the causal effects of community-level treatments or exposures on individual level outcomes. The challenge one is confronted with is that different communities have different environmental factors affecting the individual outcomes, and all individuals in a community share the same environment and intervention. In practice, data are often available from only a small number of communities, making it difficult if not impossible to adjust for these environmental confounders. In this paper we consider an extreme version of this dilemma, in …


Socio-Adaptive Systems Challenge Problems Workshop Report, Scott Hissam, Mark Klein, Gabriel Moreno May 2013

Socio-Adaptive Systems Challenge Problems Workshop Report, Scott Hissam, Mark Klein, Gabriel Moreno

Gabriel A. Moreno

Socio-adaptive systems are systems in which human and computational elements interact as peers. The behavior of the system arises from the properties of both types of elements and the nature of their collective reaction to changes in their environment, the mission they support, and the availability of resources they use. The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) held the Socio-Adaptive Systems Challenge Problem Workshop in Pittsburgh, PA, on April 12-13, 2012. The workshop’s goal was to identify the challenges associated with resource allocation for warfighters operating at the tactical edge, where networks are often unreliable, and bandwidth limited and inconsistent. This report …


Automated Extraction Of Community Mobility Measures From Gps Stream Data Using Temporal Dbscan, Sungsoon Hwang, Timothy Hanke, Christian Evans May 2013

Automated Extraction Of Community Mobility Measures From Gps Stream Data Using Temporal Dbscan, Sungsoon Hwang, Timothy Hanke, Christian Evans

Sungsoon Hwang

Inferring community mobility of patients from GPS data has received much attention in health research. Developing robust mobility (or physical activity) monitoring systems relies on the automated algorithm that classifies GPS track points into events (such as stops where activities are conducted, and routes taken) accurately. This paper describes the method that automatically extracts community mobility measures from GPS track data. The method uses temporal DBSCAN in classifying track points, and temporal filtering in removing noises (any misclassified track points). The result shows that the proposed method classifies track points with 88% accuracy. The percent of misclassified track points decreased …


Complementary Spectroscopic Assays For Investigating Protein−Ligand Binding Activity: A Project For The Advanced Chemistry Laboratory, David Mascotti, Mark Waner May 2013

Complementary Spectroscopic Assays For Investigating Protein−Ligand Binding Activity: A Project For The Advanced Chemistry Laboratory, David Mascotti, Mark Waner

Mark J. Waner

A protein−ligand binding, guided-inquiry laboratory project with potential application across the advanced undergraduate curriculum is described. At the heart of the project are fluorescence and spectrophotometric assays utilizing biotin-4-fluorescein and streptavidin. The use of the same stock solutions for an assay that may be examined by two distinct spectroscopic techniques offers an opportunity to discuss not only protein−ligand binding but also to compare instrumental techniques and to discuss the underlying physical principles that are the origins of the assays. In addition to critically evaluating analytical techniques, students are pushed to develop quantitative pipetting, estimation, and experimental-design skills to collect and …


Improved Synthesis Of Pincer Ligand Precursor, And Synthesis And Structural Characterization Of Terphenyl Scaffolded S–C–S Palladium Pincer Complex., Paul Schroder, Thomas Spilker, Wilson Luu, James Updegraff, Man Lung Kwan, Paul Challen, John Protasiewicz May 2013

Improved Synthesis Of Pincer Ligand Precursor, And Synthesis And Structural Characterization Of Terphenyl Scaffolded S–C–S Palladium Pincer Complex., Paul Schroder, Thomas Spilker, Wilson Luu, James Updegraff, Man Lung Kwan, Paul Challen, John Protasiewicz

Man Lung Desmond Kwan

An easier and more expedient synthesis of 2,6-(BrCH2C6H4)2-4-I-C6H3 (2) is reported. This material allowed easy synthesis of the new pincer ligand precursor 2,6-(4-CH3C6H4SCH2C6H4)2-4-I-C6H3 (3) in 87% yield. Compound 3 reacts with Pd2(dba)3 to give the new palladium pincer complex 4. Compound 4 has been fully characterized, including structural characterization by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The results of the crystallographic work on 4 reveal a twisted type pincer complex not unlike related terphenyl pincer complexes.


Simultaneous Quantum-State Measurements Using Array Detection, Andrew Dawes, Mark Beck May 2013

Simultaneous Quantum-State Measurements Using Array Detection, Andrew Dawes, Mark Beck

Andrew M C Dawes

We have simultaneously measured the quantum states of two different spatial modes of the same optical beam by performing quantum-state tomography with an array detector. Both modes are well described by coherent states, but the projection of the signal onto the local oscillator mode contains a mean of 0.09 photons, while a more complicated mode has a mean of 4.3 photons. This demonstrates that for this particular mode the effective detection efficiency when using array detection is over 40 times greater than when using single detectors.


Optical Switching With Cold Atoms, Andrew Dawes May 2013

Optical Switching With Cold Atoms, Andrew Dawes

Andrew M C Dawes

A Viewpoint on: Efficient All-Optical Switching Using Slow Light within a Hollow Fiber M. Bajcsy, S. Hofferberth, V. Balic, T. Peyronel, M. Hafezi, A. S. Zibrov, V. Vuletic, and M. D. Lukin Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 203902 (2009) – Published May 18, 2009


A Substitute Vision System For Providing 3d Perception And Gps Navigation Via Electro-Tactile Stimulation, S. Meers, Koren Ward May 2013

A Substitute Vision System For Providing 3d Perception And Gps Navigation Via Electro-Tactile Stimulation, S. Meers, Koren Ward

Dr Koren Ward

This paper describes a novel approach for enabling the blind to achieve obstacle avoidance and navigation in outdoor environments with the aid of visual sensors, GPS and electro-tactile stimulation. The electro-neural vision system (ENVS) works by extracting a depth map from stereo cameras by measuring the disparity between the stereo images. This range data is then delivered to the fingers via electro-neural stimulation to indicate to the user the range of objects being viewed by the cameras. To perceive the location of obstacles and the 3D structure of the environment the user imagines that the hands are held in the …


Face Recognition Using A Time-Of-Flight Camera, Simon Meers, Koren Ward May 2013

Face Recognition Using A Time-Of-Flight Camera, Simon Meers, Koren Ward

Dr Koren Ward

This paper presents a novel three-dimensional (3D) method for detecting, tracking and recognising human faces using a time-of-flight camera. The system works by detecting a single central feature point, typically the nose tip, and by intersecting the 3D point data with spheres centred at the central feature point. The resulting spherical intersection profiles are used to perform face recognition and to track the position and orientation of the face. The main benefit of this method is that it is fast and efficient in terms or memory and computational expense. Furthermore, as the system utilises a time-of-flight camera and topographical information, …


A Vision System For Providing 3d Perception Of The Environment Via: Transcutaneous Electro-Neural Stimulation, S. Meers, Koren Ward May 2013

A Vision System For Providing 3d Perception Of The Environment Via: Transcutaneous Electro-Neural Stimulation, S. Meers, Koren Ward

Dr Koren Ward

The development of effective user interfaces, appropriate sensors, and information processing techniques for enabling the blind to achieve additional perception of the environment is a relentless challenge confronting HCI and sensor researchers. To address this challenge we have developed a novel 3D vision system that can enable the 3D structure of the immediate environment to be perceived via head mounted stereo video cameras and electro-tactile data gloves without requiring any use of the eyes. The electro-neural vision system (ENVS) works by extracting a depth map from the camera images by measuring the disparity between the stereo images. This range data …


Haptic Gaze-Tracking Based Perception Of Graphical User Interfaces, Simon Meers, Koren Ward May 2013

Haptic Gaze-Tracking Based Perception Of Graphical User Interfaces, Simon Meers, Koren Ward

Dr Koren Ward

This paper presents a novel human-computer interface that enables the computer display to be perceived without any use of the eyes. Our system works by tracking the user's head position and orientation to obtain their 'gaze' point on a virtual screen, and by indicating to the user what object is present at the gaze location via haptic feedback to the fingers and synthetic speech or Braille text. This is achieved by using the haptic vibration frequency delivered to the fingers to indicate the type of screen object at the gaze position, and the vibration amplitude to indicate the screen object's …


Determination Of The Cec In Srs Soils And The Capability Of Epa Model 9081 For Cec Of Acidic Soils, Alexandra Simpson May 2013

Determination Of The Cec In Srs Soils And The Capability Of Epa Model 9081 For Cec Of Acidic Soils, Alexandra Simpson

Alexandra M Simpson

No abstract provided.


Determination Of The Cec In Srs Soils And The Capability Of Epa Model 9081 For Cec Of Acidic Soils, Alexandra Simpson May 2013

Determination Of The Cec In Srs Soils And The Capability Of Epa Model 9081 For Cec Of Acidic Soils, Alexandra Simpson

Alexandra M Simpson

No abstract provided.


Structural Characterization Of Clusterin-Chaperone Client Protein Complexes, Amy Wyatt, Justin Yerbury, Mark Wilson May 2013

Structural Characterization Of Clusterin-Chaperone Client Protein Complexes, Amy Wyatt, Justin Yerbury, Mark Wilson

Mark R Wilson

Clusterin (CLU) is a potent extracellular chaperone that inhibits protein aggregation and precipitation otherwise caused by physical or chemical stresses (e.g. heat, reduction). This action involves CLU forming soluble high molecular weight (HMW) complexes with the client protein. Other than their unquantified large size, the physical characteristics of these complexes were previously unknown. In this study, HMW CLU-citrate synthase (CS), HMW CLU-fibrinogen (FGN), and HMW CLU-glutathione S-transferase (GST) complexes were generated in vitro, and their structures studied using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ELISA, SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering (DLS), bisANS fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectrophotometry (CD). Densitometry of …


Communication: New Insight Into The Barrier Governing Co2 Formation From Oh + Co, Christopher Johnson, Berwyck Poad, Ben Shen, Robert Continetti May 2013

Communication: New Insight Into The Barrier Governing Co2 Formation From Oh + Co, Christopher Johnson, Berwyck Poad, Ben Shen, Robert Continetti

Berwyck L. J. Poad

Despite its relative simplicity, the role of tunneling in the reaction OH + CO → H + CO(2) has eluded the quantitative predictive powers of theoretical reaction dynamics. In this study a one-dimensional effective barrier to the formation of H + CO(2) from the HOCO intermediate is directly extracted from dissociative photodetachment experiments on HOCO and DOCO. Comparison of this barrier to a computed minimum-energy barrier shows that tunneling deviates significantly from the calculated minimum-energy pathway, predicting product internal energy distributions that match those found in the experiment and tunneling lifetimes short enough to contribute significantly to the overall reaction. …


Ams Dating Of Ancient Plant Residues From Experimental Stone Tools: A Pilot Study, Andrea Yates, Andrew Smith, Jeffrey Parr, Anja Scheffers, Renaud Joannes-Boyau May 2013

Ams Dating Of Ancient Plant Residues From Experimental Stone Tools: A Pilot Study, Andrea Yates, Andrew Smith, Jeffrey Parr, Anja Scheffers, Renaud Joannes-Boyau

Jeffrey Parr

Residue analyses on stone artefacts have contributed to resolving functional questions in stone tool research. Although identifying the function of tools through the analysis of their micro-residues is possible, the establishment of a sound numerical chronology for stone tools lacking a clear stratigraphic sequence, such as surface scatters, remains a challenge. While radiocarbon dating of blood residue on stone artefacts has been published previously (Loy 1987, 1990, 1993; Loy et al., 1990; Nelson et al.1986), this paper reports on an experiment designed to assess the possibility of directly dating residues on stone artefacts by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) based radiocarbon …


Effect Of Density On The Population Dynamics Of Perognathus Formosus And Its Relationships Within A Desert Ecosystem, R. Chew, F. Turner, Peter August, Bernardo Maza, James Nelson May 2013

Effect Of Density On The Population Dynamics Of Perognathus Formosus And Its Relationships Within A Desert Ecosystem, R. Chew, F. Turner, Peter August, Bernardo Maza, James Nelson

Peter August

No abstract provided.


Coastal Lagoons And Climate Change: Ecological And Social Ramifications In The U.S. Atlantic And Gulf Coast Ecosystems, Abigail Anthony, Joshua Atwood, Peter August, Carrie Byron, Stanley Cobb, Cheryl Foster, Crystal Fry, Arthur Gold, Kifle Hagos, Leanna Heffner, D. Kellogg, Kimberly Lellis-Dibble, James Opaluch, Candace Oviatt, Anna Pfeiffer-Herbert, Nicole Rohr, Leslie Smith, Tiffany Smythe, Judith Swift, Nathan Vinhateiro May 2013

Coastal Lagoons And Climate Change: Ecological And Social Ramifications In The U.S. Atlantic And Gulf Coast Ecosystems, Abigail Anthony, Joshua Atwood, Peter August, Carrie Byron, Stanley Cobb, Cheryl Foster, Crystal Fry, Arthur Gold, Kifle Hagos, Leanna Heffner, D. Kellogg, Kimberly Lellis-Dibble, James Opaluch, Candace Oviatt, Anna Pfeiffer-Herbert, Nicole Rohr, Leslie Smith, Tiffany Smythe, Judith Swift, Nathan Vinhateiro

Peter August

Lagoons are highly productive coastal features that provide a range of natural services that society values. Their setting within the coastal landscape leaves them especially vulnerable to profound physical, ecological, and associated societal disturbance from global climate change. Expected shifts in physical and ecological characteristics range from changes in flushing regime, freshwater inputs, and water chemistry to complete inundation and loss and the concomitant loss of natural and human communities. Therefore, managing coastal lagoons in the context of global climate change is critical. Although management approaches will vary depending on local conditions and cultural norms, all management scenarios will need …


Loss Of Nutrients And Soil From Sandy Pond Tributaries, Oswego County, N.Y., Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis, Daniel White May 2013

Loss Of Nutrients And Soil From Sandy Pond Tributaries, Oswego County, N.Y., Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis, Daniel White

Joseph C Makarewicz

North and South Sandy Ponds comprise one of the largest coastal bay ecosystems on Lake Ontario. Unlike South Sandy Pond, North Sandy Pond supports intensive recreational activities and intensive shorefront residential development including a commercial campground and several marinas. Both ponds have an over abundance of nutrients and are the likely cause of the over abundance of aquatic weeds in the water. The limnological literature is quite clear on the causes of this unwanted overabundance of aquatic weeds and microscopic plants – an excess amount of nutrients or fertilizers are entering the water. A short list of possible sources of …


Management Approaches For The Control Of Aquatic Plants, Joseph Makarewicz, Daina Beckstrand, Isidro Bosch May 2013

Management Approaches For The Control Of Aquatic Plants, Joseph Makarewicz, Daina Beckstrand, Isidro Bosch

Joseph C Makarewicz

This guide is designed to provide information on the ecological values and problems associated with aquatic macrophytes, to present methods used to control the troublesome species, and to provide suggestions on how to implement a lake management plan that would deal with macrophytes as legally and as safely as possible.


Concentration Of Selected Priority Organic Contaminants In Fish Maintained On Formulated Diets In Lake Ontario Waters, Joseph Buttner, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis May 2013

Concentration Of Selected Priority Organic Contaminants In Fish Maintained On Formulated Diets In Lake Ontario Waters, Joseph Buttner, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Fish were grown in Lake Ontario water under conditions simulating commercial aquaculture and then analyzed for 10 priority organic contaminants. Black bullheads (Ameiurus meias) were grown in cages placed in a bay of Lake Ontario. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were grown in terrestrial raceways served with Lake Ontario water. Yearlings were reared on a commercial ration in these systems, which partially isolated them from the contaminant-laden food web and bottom sediments, to an average weight of 93 g for black bullheads (range, 31-220 g) and 213 g (29-558 g) for rainbow trout. Concentrations of contaminants in skinless fillets of both …