Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Limnological Studies Of Sodus Bay And Its Tributaries, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

In response to public concern created by an abundance of nuisance weeds (i. e. macrophytes) wi thin the three embayments of Wayne County (Sodus, East and Port Bays), the Aquatic Vegetation Control Program was created in 1987 to develop long-term management strategies for the Bays. The program is administered jointly by the Wayne County Planning Board and the Wayne County Soil and Water Conservation District. The Soil and Water Conservation District recognized early that management of the bay ecosystem would require the development of a data base presently not available. Wayne County Soil and Water Conservation District Toward this end, …

Final Report: Aquatic Biological Survey, Cape Vincent Harbor, James Haynes, Joseph Makarewicz, Ronald Dilcher

Joseph C Makarewicz

This report evaluates the potential environmental impact of proposed maintenance dredging at Cape Vincent Harbor, New York, by the u.s. Army Corps of Engineers. Field samples were obtained in autumn 1978 and spring and summer 1979. Data reports based on these sampling efforts were submitted earlier to the Buffalo District of the U,.!S. Army Corps of Engineers. In this report, the impact of dredging at Cape Vincent Harbor is considered in relation to physical and chemical conditions, terrestrial vegetation/wetlands, aquatic macrophytes, macrobenthos, phytoplankton and zooplankton, fish, birds, endangered species and toxic chemicals. For each factor considered, sections entitled Existing Conditions …

The Conesus Lake Book : A Guide To Reducing Water Pollution At Home, Joseph Makarewicz

Joseph C Makarewicz

Developed by Joseph Makarewicz and the Livingston County Planning Department. "Modified from the Bay book: citizens program for the Chesapeake Bay, Inc. [and] Lake book: a guide to reducing water pollution at home." "April, 1991." Bibliography: p. 39.

The Impact Of Stream Nutrient Loading On Macrophytes And Metaphyton In Conesus Lake, Usa, Peter D’Aiuto, Joseph Makarewicz, Isidro Bosch

Joseph C Makarewicz

During the summers of 2000, 2001 and 2002, the littoral zone of Conesus Lake (40°54'N, 77°43'W) supported massive blooms of metaphyton, mostly filamentous green algae (Zygnema sp. and Spirogyra sp.). Extensive agricultural activity (60–80% of the land use) within the lake’s western subwatersheds is responsible for the loading of large quantities of nitrate (up to 1800 g/ha/day) and total phosphorus (up to 34 g/ha/day) into the lake during precipitation events (MAKAREWICZ et al. 2001). Large assemblages of M. spicatum and accompanying metaphyton growth were often located near stream mouths (Fig. 1) and a significant correlation existed between stream nutrient loading …

Long-Term (1927-1978) Changes In The Phytoplankton Community Of Lake Michigan At Chicago, R. Baybutt, Joseph Makarewicz

Joseph C Makarewicz

Fifty-one years of phytoplankton data from the South District Water Intake of the Chicago Water Filtration Plant were analyzed to determine changes in the phytoplankton community related to the eutrophication of Lake Michigan. From 1930 to 1940, a net biomass (~100 mg C/m3) indicative of oligotrophic-mesotrophic conditions were implied by the net algal biomass. By 1961 net algal biomass was ~600 mg C/m3-a biomass indicative of a eutrophic lake. Much of the biomass increase is due to Tabellaria, Stephanodiscus tenuis and S. binderanus. Since the early 1970's, there has been a consistent general decrease in algal biomass to levels associated …

Stress Stream Analysis Of Two Sub-Watersheds Of Conesus Lake, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Stress stream analysis of two sub-watersheds of Conesus Lake. July 1993. Prepared for the Livingston County Planning Department, Mount Morris, N.Y. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 12-13)

Conesus Lake Limnology 2009: Water Quality Of Usda Monitored Watersheds Internal Hypolimnetic Phosphorus Loading Lake Chemistry Status Of The Zooplankton Community, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

During the summer of 2009, Conesus Lake monitoring conducted by The College at Brockport determined the current status of the health of the lake to determine if any changes (improvement or further degradation) had occurred. To accomplish this goal, the following were completed: a trophic state assessment of the lake, an estimate of the internal loading of the lake’s phosphorus budget, an estimate of phosphorus loading from streams, an evaluation of long-term trends in lake chemistry, an evaluation of the walleye stocking program on lake zooplankton, and the continued long‐term evaluation of nutrient and soil losses from eight agricultural subwatersheds. …

Agricultural Bmps In The Conesus Lake Watershed: Monitoring Impact, Joseph Makarewicz

Joseph C Makarewicz

A goal of this project is to demonstrate the effectiveness of various agricultural management plans on steep-sloped highly erodable hydrologically sensitive farm lands to upstate farmers.

Nutrient And Sediment Loss From The Watersheds Of Canandaigua Lake, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

In the past three years of tributary monitoring, we have established the importance of meteorological events to the loss of nutrients and material into Canandaigua Lake. We have also prioritized the sub-watershed in terms of those losses and narrowed the focus of remedial attention down from sixteen to six sub-watersheds. This has allowed a shift in a portion of the monitoring towards the identification of the actual sources, both point and non-point, of pollution in the priority watersheds. The Sucker Brook Segment Analysis has been completed (Makarewicz, Lewis and Lewandowski 1999). Intensive monitoring is also continuing in the watershed. At …

Nutrient And Sediment Loss From The Watersheds Of Orleans County Year 2: Johnson, Oak Orchard And Sandy Creek Watersheds. June 1998 - May 1999, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

In recognition of the need to acquire a uniform, organized approach to addressing surface water degradation and given the diverse nature of non-point sources of pollution, the Soil and Water Conservation District has recently formed a committee whose specific task is to address water quality issues. Since the reduction of non-point source pollution is likely to occur through the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMP's) and changes in land use regulations, this committee provides the necessary foundation for these changes to occur. This committee has become known as the Orleans County Water Quality Coordinating Committee (WQCC). With the combined expertise …

Segment Analysis Of Oneida Creek: The Location Of Sources Of Pollution, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

The water quality of Oneida Lake is directly influenced by land use practices in the lake's watershed. As precipitation falls on the landscape, it washes or carries materials, such as soil, cow manure, nutrients, pesticides, etc., from the land surface into nearby streams and eventually into Oneida Lake influencing water quality (CNY RPDB 2000). Thus different land usage greatly influences water quality of streams and lakes. For example, land usage that includes agriculture and urban living has a greater potential to deliver nutrients and soil to a lake than a forested watershed. If efforts are made to protect a lake's …

The Muckland Demonstration Project : Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

The many muck fields in agriculture that exist in Oswego County offer an opportunity to demonstrate the feasibility of using artificially constructed wetlands to reduce nutrient levels in water draining from these highly fertilized, productive agricultural systems. An artificial wetland was constructed adjacent to a large muckland farm raising onions and sorghum. Water draining from the muck fields was pumped into the constructed wetland and allowed to flow naturally out of the wetland after a retention period determined by the flow regime. The question being asked was can nutrients and sediments be effectively removed from muckland drainage water by an …

Nutrient And Soil Losses From The Eighteenmile Creek Watershed, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis, Daniel White, Mark Seider, Victor Digiacomo

Joseph C Makarewicz

Determination of sources and magnitude of soil and nutrient losses from a watershed is prerequisite to remedial action and essential to making cost-effective land management decisions as it reduces the likelihood of costly miscalculations based on the assumption of soil and nutrient sources and modeling rather than their actual identification. This process enhances the ability of concerned groups to obtain external funding for demonstration and remedial projects. In July 2003, the Niagara County Soil & Water Conservation District (NCSWCD), in conjunction with the Department of Environmental Sciences and Biology at SUNY Brockport, began a monitoring program for Eighteenmile Creek, located …

The Occurrence Of Cyanotoxins In The Nearshore And Coastal Embayments Of Lake Ontario, Joseph Makarewicz, Gregory Boyer, William Guenther, Mary Arnold, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Cyanotoxins are an emerging issue that Great Lakes’ scientists are conducting research on to determine occurrence, spatial and seasonal distribution, monitoring strategies and potential causes in Lake Ontario. Conditions necessary for blooms of Cyanobacteria exist along the shoreline of Lake Ontario. This is especially true in some embayments and rivers as levels of the nutrient phosphorus that stimulates the growth of Cyanobacteria is above New York State Department’s of Environmental Conservation guidelines. Monitoring in 2004 demonstrated that abundance of Cyanobacteria are indeed high in streams, embayments and the nearshore compared to offshore waters of southern Lake Ontario. Initial research suggests …

Nutrient Loading Of Streams Entering Sodus Bay And Port Bay, Ny 1 April, 1990 To 30 June, 1991, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis, Robert Williams

Joseph C Makarewicz

Freshwater resources have historically played a key role in community development and sustainability. Maintaining a high quality freshwater resource is of equal importance. Within the Finger Lakes Region of New York State, degradation of water quality and aesthetics due to excessive plant growth is a growing concern. Involved agencies have recently focused their attention on non-point source pollution as a primary candidate linked to accelerated macrophyte growth and surface water degradation. Wayne County recognizes the importance of maintaining a quality water resource and has responded by developing a Water Quality Program. Established in 1 987 and administered jointly between the …

Oak Orchard Harbor Autumn Data Report To The Army Corps Of Engineers Buffalo District, Joseph Makarewicz, James Haynes

Joseph C Makarewicz

Fish, benthos, and macrophytes samples were collected over four days (30 September through 3 October 1978) at Oak Orchard Harbor, New York, to evaluate the potential biological impact of dredging the harbor area. Figure 1 is a map of the harbor area indicating the location of sample sites. Information on marina development, boat traffic and fishing pressure is included to document the heavy usage of this harbor during the fall salmon run. This is a data report. The final report will include both our analysis and interpretation of the data regarding potential impacts of dredging.

Segment Analysis Of Oatka Creek: The Location Of Sources Of Pollution, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Oatka Creek flows approximately 58 miles and drains approximately 215 square miles (557 km2) of Wyoming, Genesee, Livingston and Monroe counties of western New York State. The 2002 Oatka Creek “State of the Basin Report” recommended water quality monitoring during nonevent and precipitation events to further identify sources of pollution. The Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Wyoming and Genesee Counties contracted with the Water Quality Laboratory at SUNY Brockport to systematically identify, during baseline and hydrometeorological events, the sources of nutrients, soils and salts within the Oatka Creek watershed. With this report, we provide evidence based on 188 samples …

Nutrient And Sediment Loss From Oneida Lake Tributaries : The South Shore Tributaries, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

In recognition of the need to acquire a uniform, organized approach to addressing surface water degradation and given the diverse nature of non-point sources of pollution, the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board organized the Oneida Lake and Watershed Task Force. The Task Force is an alliance of agencies, organizations, elected officials, and citizens interested in the protection of water resources in the Oneida Lake Watershed. Because of the increased population and development pressure and because of water quality concerns south of Oneida Lake, monitoring of southern tributaries of Oneida Lake was initiated first. The intent is to …

Phytoplankton And Zooplankton: In Lakes Erie, Lake Huron And Lake Michigan: 1984, Joseph Makarewicz

Joseph C Makarewicz

With the acknowledgement that biological monitoring was fundamental to charting ecosystem health (Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 1978), EPA's program was developed for Lakes Erie, Huron and Michigan to: 1) monitor seasonal patterns, ranges of abundance and, in general, structure of the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities; 2) relate the biological components to variations in the physical, nutrient and biological environment; and 3) assess the annual variance to allow better long-term assessments of trophic structure and state. Several offshore stations (9-11) on several cruises (9-11) during the spring, summer and autumn of 1984 and winter of 1985 were sampled. By examining …

Characterization Of Six Watersheds Of Wayne County, New York, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Wayne County Soil and Water Conservation District has a long history of working to keep soil and nutrients on the land and out of the water. Much of this work has focused on Sodus Bay and Port Bay (Makarewicz and Lewis 1989, 1990; Makarewicz et al. 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994; White et al. 2002). However, little is known about the environmental status of other major creeks in Wayne County away from the coastal area of Lake Ontario. As a result, the Wayne County Water Quality Coordinating Committee (WQCC) recommended a study to evaluate nutrient and soil loss from six watersheds …

Segment Analysis Of Little Sandy Creek, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Because Little Sandy Creek was the largest source of phosphorus to Sandy Pond, a recommendation of the Makarewicz et al. report (2002) was to initiate water quality studies in the Little Sandy Creek watershed to identify sources of phosphorus. To accomplish this task, the Soil and Water Conservation District of Oswego County contracted with the Water Quality Laboratory at SUNY Brockport to systematically identify, during baseline and hydrometeorological events, the sources of nutrients, soils and salts within the Little Sandy Creek. Point and non-point sources were identified through a process called stressed stream analysis or segment analysis (Makarewicz 1999). With …

Eighteenmile Creek Watershed: The Location Of Sources Of Pollution, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Eighteenmile Creek is one of the six Areas of Concern (AOC) in New York State (Makarewicz and Lewis 2000). The International Joint Commission (IJC) and the Great Lakes community are working on 42 Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes basin where beneficial uses of a waterbody have been identified as impaired. AOCs include harbors, river mouths, and river segments where Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) have beendeveloped and are being implemented to restore and to protect beneficial uses.Fourteen use-impairment indicators have been applied to define water qualityparameters. Eighteenmile Creek has been polluted by past industrial and municipal discharges, by the …

Structure And Function Of The Zooplankton Community Of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, Joseph Makarewicz, Gene Likens

Joseph C Makarewicz

An intensive study of the zooplankton community of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, was undertaken over a 3-yr period. Our objectives in the lake study have included measurements of a number of attributes of the zooplankton community that integrate structure and function at the ecosystem level; among these are dispersion, biomass, productivity, respiration, and nutrient cycling. Eight species of rotifers and 3 species of cladocerans were successfully cultured. Generation time for planktonic rotifers was -8-10 days (170C). The effect of higher food levels on rotifers was to shorten generation time and to increase brood size. In cladocerans, high food levels caused …

Stressed Stream Analysis Of Deep Run And Gage Gully In The Canandaigua Lake Watershed, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Deep Run and Gage Gully subwatersheds are located at Canandaigua Lake’s northeast corner. Both subwatersheds are relatively small in size but a three-year monitoring program has identified them as contributing disproportionately high loads of nutrients and suspended solids (soils) to Canandaigua Lake. Within the entire Canandaigua Lake watershed, Deep Run lost the most phosphorus and nitrate per unit area of watershed to Canandaigua Lake (January 1997 to January 2000), while Gage Gully ranked third. Also, the Deep Run and Gage Gully subwatersheds ranked 3rd and 5th for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) loss and 2nd and 3rd for total suspended solids …

Water Quality Monitoring On Cratsley Gully And Honeoye Inlet, Part Of The Honeoye Lake Watershed, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis, Daniel White

Joseph C Makarewicz

The presence of soluble, sedimentary rocks in the watershed of the Finger Lakes determines the chemical regimes comprising the lakes (Schaffner and Oglesby 1978). As the rest of the Finger Lakes, Honeoye Lake has an abundance of calcium and bicarbonate ions (Schaffner and Oglesby 1978). Nitrate + nitrite values for Honeoye Lake in 1993 (mean = 0.02 mg/L) were significantly lower (P<0.02) than levels from 1973 (mean = 0.07 mg/L) (Crego 1994). In 1973, Honeoye Lake had the highest total phosphorus (TP) concentration of the eight Finger Lakes examined (21.7 μg/L, August) (Schaffner and Oglesby 1978). However, there were …

Eighteenmile Creek Remedial Action Plan Area Of Concern Planktonic Community Study, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

The preponderance of evidence suggests that the plankton community of Eighteenmile Creek is not impacted by contaminants. The summer zooplankton community of Eighteenmile Creek has a similar or higher species richness, a remarkably similar measure of dominance (i.e., evenness) and in July, a comparable abundance to the relatively pollution-free reference sites at Yanty, Buttonwood, and Salmon Creeks. Similarly in June, zooplankton abundance, species richness, and evenness for Eighteenmile Creek were between the values for the reference sites at Yanty Creek and Buttonwood and Salmon Creeks. Further support of this analogous comparison is provided by the phytoplankton data. Species richness, evenness, …

Water Quality Of Long, Cranberry, Buck And Round Ponds 1993 -1994, Joseph Makarewicz, Gregory Lampman

Joseph C Makarewicz

Long, Buck and Cranberry Ponds have very high concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll .a; that is, they have high levels of a nutrient that stimulates the growth of microscopic and macroscopic plants. This results in an overabundance of microscopic plant life as indicated by the exceedingly high chlorophyll levels observed. Long Pond appears to be the most productive followed by Buck Pond and then Cranberry Pond. Round Pond has relatively low chlorophyll and phosphorus levels compared to the other ponds. R.ound Pond does not appear to be impacted by cultural eutrophication. Compared to nearby Lake Ontario, Lake Erie and …

Segment Analysis Of Otter Creek: The Location Of Sources Of Pollution, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

The Orleans County Soil and Water Conservation District has monitored the waterways of Orleans County since 1997 in collaboration with the State University of New York at Brockport's Center for Applied Aquatic Science and Aquaculture (CAASA). SUNY Brockport has provided analytical services for water chemistry, consulting services on the direction of the monitoring program and interpretation of data. The Orleans County Soil and Water Conservation District along with the Orleans County Water Quality Coordinating Committee decided to continue the water pollution source identification in Otter Creek beginning in the spring of 2002. Otter Creek is located in the south portion …

Understanding The Role Of Phosphorus In Lakes, Isidro Bosch, Joseph Makarewicz

Joseph C Makarewicz

We believe it is important to regard the lake proper as two separate habitats, the offshore and the coastal zone. Over the last 15 years conditions along the coastal zone in Conesus Lake have deteriorated significantly, following a trend that has been documented in the Great Lakes and other Finger Lakes after the invasion of zebra mussels. Meanwhile the offshore zone has remained mildly eutrophic over the last 25 years (high in nutrients and algal biomass). While this is an undesirable state in terms of water quality, monitoring data provides no indication that the offshore system is becoming increasingly eutrophic.

Segment Analysis Of Marsh Creek: The Location Of Sources Of Pollution, Joseph Makarewicz, Theodore Lewis

Joseph C Makarewicz

Marsh Creek is located in the southern portion of the Lake Ontario watershed, Orleans County, New York. The watershed flows into Oak Orchard Creek near its mouth on Lake Ontario at Point Breeze, New York. A branch of Marsh Creek, is known as Beardsley Creek, and was sampled as part of the study, Also Otter Creek, which also drains into Oak Orchard Creek, was sampled two times to access whether further segment analysis is warranted at another time.

The purpose of this study was: 1. To identify sources of nutrients, soils and salts within the Marsh Creek watershed; 2. To …