Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Sustainable Relationship: What The United States And The United Kingdom Can Teach Each Other About Climate Change And Sustainable Development At The National Level, John Dernbach, Andrea Ross

John C. Dernbach

No abstract provided.

Arsenic Mobilization And Iron Transformations During Sulfidization Of As(V)-Bearing Jarosite, Scott Johnston, Edward Burton, Annabelle Keene, Britta Planer-Friedrich, Andreas Voegelin, Mark Blackford, Greg Lumpkin

Associate Professor Edward D Burton

Jarosite (KFe3(SO4) 2(OH)6) is an important host-phase for As in acid mine drainage (AMD) environments and coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS). In AMD and CASS wetlands, jarosite may encounter S(−II) produced by sulfate reducing bacteria. Here, we examine abiotic sulfidization of As(V)-bearing K-jarosite at pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.5 and 8.0. We quantify the mobilization and speciation of As and identify corresponding Fe mineral transformations. Sulfide-promoted dissolution of jarosite caused release of co-precipitated As and the majority of mobilized As was re-partitioned to a readily exchangeable surface complex (AsEx). In general, maximum As mobilization occurred in the highly sulfidized end-members of …

Decoupling Between Water Column Oxygenation And Benthic Phosphate Dynamics In A Shallow Eutrophic Estuary, Peter Kraal, Edward Burton, Andrew Rose, Michael Cheetham, Richard Bush, Leigh Sullivan

Associate Professor Edward D Burton

Estuaries are crucial biogeochemical filters at the land–ocean interface that are strongly impacted by anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Here, we investigate benthic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics in relation to physicochemical surface sediment properties and bottom water mixing in the shallow, eutrophic Peel-Harvey Estuary. Our results show the strong dependence of sedimentary P release on Fe and S redox cycling. The estuary contains surface sediments that are strongly reducing and act as net P source, despite physical sediment mixing under an oxygenated water column. This decoupling between water column oxygenation and benthic P dynamics is of great importance to understand …

Frames And Spline Framelets, Tian-Xiao He, Tung Nguyen, '15, Nahee Kim, '15

Tian-Xiao He

No abstract provided.

A Graphical Introduction To Special Relativity Based On A Modern Approach To Minkowski Diagrams, Thushara Perera, Boxiang Liu, '14

Thushara A. Perera

No abstract provided.

Exhumation Of The Southern Sierra Nevada–Eastern Tehachapi Mountains Constrained By Low-Temperature Thermochronology: Implications For The Initiation Of The Garlock Fault, Ann Blythe, N Longinotti

Ann Blythe

New apatite and zircon fission-track and apatite (U-Th)/He data from nine samples collected on a north-south transect across the southern Sierra Nevada–eastern Tehachapi Mountains constrain the cooling and exhumation history over the past ∼70 m.y. The four northernmost samples yielded zircon and apatite fission-track ages of ca. 70 Ma, indicating rapid cooling from ∼250 °C to <60 °C (6–8 km of exhumation) at that time. Four of the five southernmost samples yielded slightly younger zircon fission-track ages (57–46 Ma) and apatite fission-track ages (21–18 Ma); the fifth southern sample (from a lower elevation) yielded an apatite fission-track age of ca. 11 Ma. Eight of the nine samples yielded apatite (U-Th)/He ages; these ranged from 60 to 9 Ma, with the youngest ages from the southernmost samples. Inverse thermal history models developed from the data reveal two major stages of cooling for the area, with an initial major cooling event ending at ca. 70 Ma, followed by 50 m.y. of thermal stasis and a second major cooling event beginning at 20 Ma and continuing to the present. The data are consistent with northward-directed tilting and exhumation beginning at 20 Ma, probably as the result of north-south extension in the Mojave Desert on an early strand of the Garlock fault with down-to-the-south offset. A third minor phase of rapid exhumation beginning at ca. 10 Ma is suggested by the data; this may indicate the beginning of left-lateral slip on the Garlock fault.

Parametric Resonance Enhancement In Neutron Interferometry And Application For The Search For Non-Newtonian Gravity, Vladimir Gudkov, Hirohiko Shimizu, Geoffrey Greene

Geoffrey Greene

The parametric resonance enhancement of the phase of neutrons due to non-Newtonian anomalous gravitationis considered. The existence of such resonances is confirmed by numerical calculations. A possible experimentalscheme for observing this effect is discussed based on an existing neutron interferometer design.

Neutron Interferometric Method To Provide Improved Constraints On Non-Newtonian Gravity At The Nanometer Scale, Geoffrey Greene, Vladimir Gudkov

Geoffrey Greene

In recent years, an energetic experimental program has set quite stringent limits on a possible “non-1/r2” dependence on gravity at short length scales. This effort has been largely driven by the predictions of theories based on compactification of extra spatial dimensions. It is characteristic of many such theories that the strength and length scales of such anomalous gravity are not clearly determined from first principles. As a result, it is productive to extend the current limits the range and strength of such hypothetical interactions. As a heavy, neutral, and (almost) stable particle, the neutron provides an ideal probe for the …

Turning Students Into Problem Solvers, Larkin Powell, Andrew Tyre, Michael Conroy, James Peterson, B. Williams

Andrew J Tyre

In the popular movie Apollo 13, based on the actual NASA mission, three astronauts are stranded in space, their craft’s electrical system broken, their oxygen quickly running out. To help them fix the problem and return home safely, mission controllers summon a group of engineers, dump a pile of equipment onto a desk—the tools available to the astronauts—and tell them to find a solution, or more specifically, “a way to put a square peg in a round hole. Rapidly.” Eventually, the engineers’ plan saves the day, and the astronauts make it home. State and federal agency biologists generally do not …

Estimating Nest Density When Detectability Is Incomplete: Variation In Nest Attendance And Response To Disturbance By Western Meadowlarks, Matthew Giovanni, Max Post Van Der Burg, Lars Anderson, Larkin Powell, Walter H. Schacht, Andrew Tyre

Andrew J Tyre

Researchers commonly model nest density as a function of ecological variables, but nests, like birds, can be undetected while present. In the Nebraska Sandhills in 2007, we used the rope-drag method on previously located Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) nests to model nest-detection error and nest density. Detecting nests by rope dragging (commonly used for nests of grassland birds) is conditional on two primary sources of nest availability, adults attending nests and adults flushing from nests in response to disturbance from the rope, the behavioral cue necessary for nest detection. On the basis of our trials with rope dragging, the probability …

Planning For Robust Reserve Networks Using Uncertainty Analysis, Atte Moilanen, Michael C. Runge, Jane Elith, Andrew Tyre, Yohay Carmel, Eric Fegraus, Brendan A. Wintle, Mark Burgman, Yakov Ben-Haim

Andrew J Tyre

Planning land-use for biodiversity conservation frequently involves computer-assisted reserve selection algorithms. Typically such algorithms operate on matrices of species presence–absence in sites, or on species-specific distributions ofmodel predicted probabilities of occurrence in grid cells. There are practically always errors in input data—erroneous species presence–absence data, structural and parametric uncertainty in predictive habitat models, and lack of correspondence between temporal presence and long-run persistence. Despite these uncertainties, typical reserve selection methods proceed as if there is no uncertainty in the data or models. Having two conservation options of apparently equal biological value, one would prefer the option whose value is relatively …

Trans-Atlantic Correlation Of Upper Cretaceous Marine Sediments, Marcus Ross, David Fastovsky

David Fastovsky

Upper Cretaceous marine deposits from the Mid-Atlantic region of North America (Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey) and the Maastricht area (southern Netherlands, and nearby Belgium and Gennany) are correlated across the Atlantic using a variety of macro invertebrates, nannofossils, and sequence stratigraphy. Four late Cretaceous Mid-Atlantic sequences, the Marshalltown, Englishtown, Merchantville, and Navesink, span the upper Santonian to lowennost Danian, and have direct correlatives in the Maastricht area. Correlations between the Mid-Atlantic and the Maastricht regions (respectively) are as follows: the upper Santonian to lower Campanian Merchantville and Matawan formations with the Achen and lower Vaals fonnations; the middle Campanian …

Compliance With The Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Recommendations For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bryan Kane, Linda Degutis, Helen Sayward, Gail D'Onofrio

Bryan G Kane MD

No abstract provided.

Empirical Evaluation Of Bug Linking, Tegawendé F. Bissyande, Ferdian Thung, Shaowei Wang, David Lo, Lingxiao Jiang, Laurent Réveillère

David LO

To collect software bugs found by users, development teams often setup bug trackers using systems such as Bugzilla. Developers would then fix some of the bugs and commit corresponding code changes into version control systems such as svn or git. Unfortunately, the links between bug reports and code changes are missing for many software projects as the bug tracking and version control systems are often maintained separately. Yet, linking bug reports to fix commits is important as it could shed light into the nature of bug fixing processes and expose patterns in software management. Bug linking solutions, such as ReLink, …

Automatic Defect Categorization, Ferdian Thung, David Lo, Lingxiao Jiang

David LO

Defects are prevalent in software systems. In order to understand defects better, industry practitioners often categorize bugs into various types. One common kind of categorization is the IBM’s Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC). ODC proposes various orthogonal classification of defects based on much information about the defects, such as the symptoms and semantics of the defects, the root cause analysis of the defects, and many more. With these category labels, developers can better perform post-mortem analysis to find out what the common characteristics of the defects that plague a particular software project are. Albeit the benefits of having these categories, for …

A Radial Basis Functions Method For Fractional Diffusion Equations, Cecile M. Piret, Emmanuel Hanert

Cecile M Piret

Optically Stimulated Luminescence (Osl) Dating Of Perenially Frozen Deposits In North-Central Siberia: Osl Characteristics Of Quartz Grains And Methodological Considerations Regarding Their Suitability For Dating, Lee Arnold, Richard Roberts

Richard G Roberts

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of coarse-grained quartz is increasingly being used as the main chronological tool in late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of Siberia. However, relatively little information has been published on the suitability of OSL dating for the various types of perennially frozen sediments found in this region. Here we provide a systematic examination of the quartz luminescence characteristics of 21 perennially frozen samples from the Taimyr Peninsula and adjacent coastal lowlands of north-central Siberia, and discuss their implications for the reliability of single-grain and multi-grain OSL chronologies in such contexts. The results of this study suggest that the …

Development Of The Sar Tt-Osl Procedure For Dating Middle Pleistocene Dune And Shallow Marine Deposits Along The Southern Cape Coast Of South Africa, Zenobia Jacobs, Richard Roberts, Terry Lachlan, Panagiotis Karkanas, Curtis Marean, David Roberts

Richard G Roberts

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is now commonly used to estimate the depositional age of Quaternary landforms along the southern Cape coast of South Africa. Due to the early onset of dose saturation in the quartz-rich sediments from this region, determining the age of deposits much older than the last three glacio-eustatic sea-level high stands has been a challenge. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using the thermally-transferred OSL (TT-OSL) dating method to obtain ages for aeolian and shallow marine deposits at three different localities that hold promise to further illuminate the long and complex Late Quaternary sea-level …

Middle Paleolithic Occupation On A Marine Isotope Stage 5 Lakeshore In The Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia, Michael Petraglia, Abdullah Alsharekh, Remy Crassard, Nick Drake, Huw Groucutt, Adrian Parker, Richard Roberts

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.

Dirt, Dates And Dna:Osl And Radiocarbon Chronologies Of Perenially Frozen Sediments In Siberia, And Their Implications For Sedimentary Ancient Dna Studies, Lee Arnold, Richard Roberts, Ross Macphee, James Haile, Fiona Brock, Per Moller, Duane Froese, Alexei Tikhonov, Allan Chivas, M. Thomas Gilbert, Eske Willerslev

Richard G Roberts

The sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) technique offers a potentially invaluable means of investigating species evolution and extinction dynamics in high-latitude environments. An implicit assumption of the sedaDNA approach is that the extracted DNA is autochthonous with the host deposit and that it has not been physically transported from older source deposits or reworked within the sedimentary profile by postdepositional mixing. In this paper we investigate whether these fundamental conditions are upheld at seven perennially frozen wetland sites across the Taimyr Peninsula and coastal lowlands of north-central Siberia. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon (14C) dating are used to constrain the …

Late Acheulean Hominins At The Marine Isotope Stage 6/5e Transition In North-Central India, Michael Haslam, Richard Roberts, Ceri Shipton, J Pal, Jacqueline Fenwick, Peter Ditchfield, Nicole Boivin, A Dubey, M Gupta, Michael Petraglia

Richard G Roberts

Single-grain optically stimulated luminescence dating was applied to Late Quaternary sediments at two sites in the Middle Son Valley, Madhya Pradesh, India. Designated Bamburi 1 and Patpara, thesse sites contain Late Acheulean stone tool assemblages, which we associate with non-modern hominins. Age determinations of 140-120. ka place the formation of these sites at around the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6-5 transition, placing them among the youngest Acheulean sites in the world. We present here the geochronology and sedimentological setting of these sites, and consider potential implications of Late Pleistocene archaic habitation in north-central India for the initial dispersal of modern …

Meteoric 10Be, FeD, And Clay In Critical Zone Soils, Front Range, Colorado, Cianna Wyshnytzky, James Mccarthy

Cianna E Wyshnytzky

The critical zone is the zone within which meteoric water, atmospheric gases, soil, and bedrock interact, encompassing the zone of soil formation (Anderson et al., 2007). The concentrations of various pedogenic compounds at a given location indicate the degree of weathering that has taken place in the Critical Zone. Among the products of chemical weathering are secondary phyllosilicate minerals (clays) and iron (Birkeland, 1999). At stable sites, chronosequence studies have shown that the amount of pedogenic iron oxide and clay increase as soils become older (McFadden and Hendricks, 1985).

Meteoric ¹⁰Be is a cosmogenic nuclide produced from oxygen and nitrogen …

Holocene Sediment Distribution On The Inner Continental Shelf Of Northeastern South Carolina: Implications For The Regional Sediment Budget And Long-Term Shoreline Response, Jenny Denny, William Schwab, Wayne Baldwain, Walter Barnhadt, Paul Gayes, Robert Morton, John Warner, Neil Driscoll, George Voulgaris

George Voulgaris

High-resolution geophysical and sediment sampling surveys were conducted offshore of the Grand Strand, South Carolina to define the shallow geologic framework of the inner shelf. Results are used to identify and map Holocene sediment deposits, infer sediment transport pathways, and discuss implications for the regional coastal sediment budget.

The thickest deposits of Holocene sediment observed on the inner shelf form shoal complexes composed of moderately sorted fine sand, which are primarily located offshore of modern tidal inlets. These shoal deposits contain ∼67 M m3 of sediment, approximately 96% of Holocene sediment stored on the inner shelf. Due to the lack …

Laminar Flow Of Two Miscible Fluids In A Simple Network, Casey Karst, Brian Storey, John Geddes

John B. Geddes

When a fluid comprised of multiple phases or constituents flows through a network, nonlinear phenomena such as multiple stable equilibrium states and spontaneous oscillations can occur. Such behavior has been observed or predicted in a number of networks including the flow of blood through the microcirculation, the flow of picoliter droplets through microfluidic devices, the flow of magma through lava tubes, and two-phase flow in refrigeration systems. While the existence of nonlinear phenomena in a network with many inter-connections containing fluids with complex rheology may seem unsurprising, this paper demonstrates that even simple networks containing Newtonian fluids in laminar flow …

Usu Grad Student, Researchers Collect Project Data At South Pole, Kevin Opsahl

Jonathan Pugmire

No abstract provided.

Two-Stage Mechanism For Activation Of The Dna Replication Checkpoint Kinase Cds1 In Fission Yeast, Xu Yong, Matthew Davenport, Thomas Kelly

Matthew P Davenport

The DNA replication checkpoint is a complex signal transduction pathway, present in all eukaryotic cells, that functions to maintain genomic integrity and cell viability when DNA replication is perturbed. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the major effector of the replication checkpoint is the protein kinase Cds1. Activation of Cds1 is known to require the upstream kinase Rad3 and the mediator Mrc1, but the biochemical mechanism of activation is not well understood. We report that the replication checkpoint is activated in two stages. In the first stage, Mrc1 recruits Cds1 to stalled replication forks by interactions between the FHA domain of Cds1 and …

Usu Grad Student Travels To South Pole, Kylie Conway

Jonathan Pugmire

No abstract provided.

Usu Team Travels To South Pole To Measure Gravity Waves, Nancy Van Valkenburg

Jonathan Pugmire

No abstract provided.

A Dynamic Platform For Workflow Management Using Web Services: A Hospital Scenario, Joshua Fan, Nantika Prinyapol, Sim Lau

Joshua P Fan

In this paper, we propose the use of dynamic compilation of web services to support workflow management. Web services related to work practices belong to an organisation will be designed, built and stored in a web services repository. These web services can be shared with multiple functional units within the organisation via the intranet or the internet. Work practice services that were selected will be compiled logically and optimally using the proposed dynamic compilation platform.

Ontology Matching Techniques: A 3-Tier Classification Framework, Nelson Leung, Seung Kang, Sim Lau, Joshua Fan

Joshua P Fan

No abstract provided.