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Articles 1141 - 1170 of 2377
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Towards Genomic Selection In Oilseed Brassica, Wallace Cowling, Brian Cullis, Cameron Beeck, Matthew Nelson
Towards Genomic Selection In Oilseed Brassica, Wallace Cowling, Brian Cullis, Cameron Beeck, Matthew Nelson
Professor Brian Cullis
Animal breeders have paved the way for plant breeders to adopt the principles of association genetics to improve the rate of genetic progress in breeding programs. The total genetic value of an individual may be predicted from genome-wide markers in a process known as genomic selection. Analysis of a series of canola breeding trials by factor analytic modeling has demonstrated the value of including ancestral pedigree relationships for estimating additive and non-additive effects in a range of environments, and for modeling genotype by environment effects. In theory, this may be developed into genomic selection based on whole-genome markers in Brassica …
Improving The Accuracy Of Selection For Late Maturity A-Amylase In Wheat Using Multi-Phase Designs, D Butler, M Tan, B Cullis
Improving The Accuracy Of Selection For Late Maturity A-Amylase In Wheat Using Multi-Phase Designs, D Butler, M Tan, B Cullis
Professor Brian Cullis
The assessment of grain defect traits is assuming greater importance in wheat germplasm selection. Late maturity a-amylase is one such characteristic that renders wheat unsuitable for high value end products, even though the grain may appear sound. Phenotyping defect traits typically involves a multi-phase process, where genetic material for assay has been affected by non-genetic sources of variation in one or more previous linked stages of experimentation or preparation. The adoption of appropriate statistical design and analysis methods in these situations is, however, not widespread. Substantial sources of non-genetic variation were identified in the analysis of a designed experiment to …
Joint Modeling Of Additive And Non-Additive (Genetic Line) Effects In Multi-Environment Trials, H Oakey, A Verbyla, Brian Cullis, X. Wei, W. Pitchford
Joint Modeling Of Additive And Non-Additive (Genetic Line) Effects In Multi-Environment Trials, H Oakey, A Verbyla, Brian Cullis, X. Wei, W. Pitchford
Professor Brian Cullis
A statistical approach for the analysis of multienvironment trials (METs) is presented, in which selection of best performing lines, best parents, and best combination of parents can be determined. The genetic effect of a line is partitioned into additive, dominance and residual nonadditive effects. The dominance effects are estimated through the incorporation of the dominance relationship matrix, which is presented under varying levels of inbreeding. A computationally efficient way of fitting dominance effects is presented which partitions dominance effects into between family dominance and within family dominance line effects. The overall approach is applicable to inbred lines, hybrid lines and …
A Comparison Of Mixed Model Splines For Curve Fitting, S Welham, Brian Cullis, M Kenward, R Thompson
A Comparison Of Mixed Model Splines For Curve Fitting, S Welham, Brian Cullis, M Kenward, R Thompson
Professor Brian Cullis
Three types of polynomial mixed model splines have been proposed: smoothing splines, Psplines and penalized splines using a truncated power function basis. The close connections between these models are demonstrated, showing that the default cubic form of the splines differs only in the penalty used. A general definition of the mixed model spline is given that includes general constraints and can be used to produce natural or periodic splines. The impact of different penalties is demonstrated by evaluation across a set of functions with specific features, and shows that the best penalty in terms of mean squared error of prediction …
A Comparison Of Analysis Methods For Late-Stage Variety Evaluation Trials, Sue Welham, Beverley Gogel, Alison Smith, Robin Thompson, Brian Cullis
A Comparison Of Analysis Methods For Late-Stage Variety Evaluation Trials, Sue Welham, Beverley Gogel, Alison Smith, Robin Thompson, Brian Cullis
Professor Brian Cullis
The statistical analysis of late-stage variety evaluation trials using a mixed model is described, with one- or two-stage approaches to the analysis. Two sets of trials, from Australia and the UK, were used to provide realistic scenarios for a simulation study to evaluate the different methods of analysis. This study showed that a one-stage approach gave the most accurate predictions of variety performance overall or within each environment, across a range of models, as measured by mean squared error of prediction or realized genetic gain. A weighted two-stage approach performed adequately for variety predictions both overall and within environments, but …
Application Of Multi-Phase Experiments In Plant Pathology To Identify Genetic Resistance To Diaporthe Toxica In Lupinus Albus, R. B. Cowley, G. J. Ash, J. D. I. Harper, Alison Smith, Brian Cullis, D. J. Luckett
Application Of Multi-Phase Experiments In Plant Pathology To Identify Genetic Resistance To Diaporthe Toxica In Lupinus Albus, R. B. Cowley, G. J. Ash, J. D. I. Harper, Alison Smith, Brian Cullis, D. J. Luckett
Professor Brian Cullis
Phenotyping assays in plant pathology using detached plant parts are multi-phase experimental processes. Such assays involve growing plants in field or controlled-environment trials (Phase 1) and then subjecting a sample removed from each plant to disease assessment, usually under laboratory conditions (Phase 2). Each phase may be subject to nongenetic sources of variation. To be able to separate these sources of variation in both phases from genetic sources of variation requires a multi-phase experiment with an appropriate experimental design and statistical analysis. To achieve this, a separate randomization is required for each phase, with additional replication in Phase 2. In …
Joint Modeling Of Spatial Variability And Within-Row Interplot Competition To Increase The Efficiency Of Plant Improvement, J. Stringer, Brian Cullis, R Thompson
Joint Modeling Of Spatial Variability And Within-Row Interplot Competition To Increase The Efficiency Of Plant Improvement, J. Stringer, Brian Cullis, R Thompson
Professor Brian Cullis
Trials in the early stages of selection are often subject to variation arising from spatial variability and interplot competition, which can seriously bias the assessment of varietal performance and reduce genetic progress. An approach to jointly model both sources of bias is presented. It models genotypic and residual competition and also global and extraneous spatial variation. Variety effects were considered random and residual maximum likelihood was used for parameter estimation. Competition at the residual level was examined using two special simultaneous autoregressive models. An equal-roots second-order autoregressive (EAR(2)) model is proposed for trials where competition is dominant. An equal-roots third-order …
On An Approximate Optimality Criterion For The Design Of Field Experiments Under Spatial Dependence, Dabid Butler, John Eccleston, Brian Cullis
On An Approximate Optimality Criterion For The Design Of Field Experiments Under Spatial Dependence, Dabid Butler, John Eccleston, Brian Cullis
Professor Brian Cullis
The design of large-scale field trials where the residuals are correlated has been of recent interest, in large part because of advances in statistical and computational methods of analysis. The construction of designs for correlated data has typically used A-optimality and is computationally intensive. This involves calculating the inverse of the information matrix for treatments under the supervision of an optimization strategy that explores the design space. We propose an approximation to A-optimality, using nearest-neighbour balance, that is less computationally demanding and can achieve at least 95% efficiency relative to A-optimality in many practical situations.
The Analysis Of Qtl By Simultaneous Use Of The Full Linkage Map, A. Verbyla, Brian Cullis, R Thompson
The Analysis Of Qtl By Simultaneous Use Of The Full Linkage Map, A. Verbyla, Brian Cullis, R Thompson
Professor Brian Cullis
An extension of interval mapping is presented that incorporates all intervals on the linkage map simultaneously. The approach uses a working model in which the sizes of putative QTL for all intervals across the genome are random effects. An outlier detection method is used to screen for possible QTL. Selected QTL are subsequently fitted as fixed effects. This screening and selection approach is repeated until the variance component for QTL sizes is not statistically significant. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted in which map uncertainty is included. The proposed method is shown to be superior to composite interval mapping in …
Analysis Of Yield And Oil From A Series Of Canola Breeding Trials. Part I. Fitting Factor Analytic Mixed Models With Pedigree Information, C Beeck, W Cowling, A Smith, Brian Cullis
Analysis Of Yield And Oil From A Series Of Canola Breeding Trials. Part I. Fitting Factor Analytic Mixed Models With Pedigree Information, C Beeck, W Cowling, A Smith, Brian Cullis
Professor Brian Cullis
In this paper multiplicative mixed models have been used for the analysis of multi-environment trial (MET) data for canola oil and grain yield. Information on pedigrees has been included to allow for the modelling of additive and nonadditive genetic effects. The MET data set included a total of 19 trials (synonymous with sites or environments), which were sown across southern Australia in 2007 and 2008. Each trial was designed as a p-rep design using DiGGeR with the default prespecified spatial model. Lines in their first year of testing were unreplicated, whereas there were two or three replications of advanced …
Enhanced Diagnostics For The Spatial Analysis Of Field Trials, Katia Stefanova, Alison Smith, Brian Cullis
Enhanced Diagnostics For The Spatial Analysis Of Field Trials, Katia Stefanova, Alison Smith, Brian Cullis
Professor Brian Cullis
We report an analysis of a series of uniformity field trials using the technique proposed by Gilmour, Cullis, and Verbyla. In particular, we clarify the role of the sample variogram and present a range of enhanced graphical diagnostics to aid the spatial modeling process.We highlight the implications of the presence of extraneous variation related to commonly used agronomic practices, such as serpentine harvesting.
Breaking A 3d-Based Captcha Scheme, Vu Duc Nguyen, Yang-Wai Chow, Willy Susilo
Breaking A 3d-Based Captcha Scheme, Vu Duc Nguyen, Yang-Wai Chow, Willy Susilo
Dr Yang-Wai Chow
CAPTCHA is a standard defence mechanism against bots, or automated programs, that attempt to use web-based services meant for human users. While there are many different types of CAPTCHA schemes that have emerged over the years, to date, the most widely used type is 2D text-based CAPTCHAs. Unfortunately, a large number of 2D CAPTCHA schemes have been successfully broken. Thus, 3D-based CAPTCHAs are seen as an alternative paradigm which has been explored by a number of CAPTCHA designers. 3D CAPTCHAs are meant to overcome the limitations of 2D CAPTCHAs and are supposed to be more robust and secure against automated …
Large Object Segmentation With Region Priority Rendering, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan
Large Object Segmentation With Region Priority Rendering, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan
Dr Yang-Wai Chow
The Address Recalculation Pipeline is a hardware architecture designed to reduce the end-to-end latency suffered by immersive Head Mounted Display virtual reality systems. A demand driven rendering technique known as priority rendering was devised for use in conjunction with the address recalculation pipeline. Using this technique, different sections of a scene can be updated at different rates, resulting in reductions to the rendering load.Further reductions can potentially be achieved by allowing for the segmenting of large objects. However in doing so a tearing problem surfaces, which has to be overcome before large object segmentation can be used effectively in priority …
Design Issues In Human Visual Perception Experiments On Region Warping, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan
Design Issues In Human Visual Perception Experiments On Region Warping, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan
Dr Yang-Wai Chow
Virtual reality systems are primarily concerned with the presentation of realistic 3D graphics to the user. In light of the fact that the human visual system can only perceive a finite amount of detail, it is therefore possible to reach a balance in the tradeoff between human perception of detail and computational load required for rendering. Priority rendering is a technique designed to reduce the overall rendering load for an address recalculation pipeline virtual reality system. This system was developed to reduce user perceived latency during head rotations in head mounted display virtual reality systems. Large object segmentation and region …
Enhanced Ste3d-Cap: A Novel 3d Captcha Family, Yang-Wai Chow, Willy Susilo
Enhanced Ste3d-Cap: A Novel 3d Captcha Family, Yang-Wai Chow, Willy Susilo
Dr Yang-Wai Chow
With the growth of the Internet, its wide-ranging services are increasingly being threatened by adverse and malicious attacks. CAPTCHAs have emerged as a standard security countermeasure against Internet attacks such as distributed denial of service attacks and botnets. However, many CAPTCHA schemes themselves have been found to be susceptible to automated attacks. The task of designing a good CAPTCHA scheme is still an open and challenging question, as a good CAPTCHA must fulfil two fundamental requirements; namely, it must be secure against automated attacks whilst being human usable. This paper presents STE3D-CAP-e, a human usable text-based CAPTCHA that is robust …
The Effects Of Head-Mounted Display Attributes On Human Visual Perception Of Region Warping Distortions, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan, James Phillips
The Effects Of Head-Mounted Display Attributes On Human Visual Perception Of Region Warping Distortions, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan, James Phillips
Dr Yang-Wai Chow
The human visual system has a limited perception of detail. In immersive virtual reality systems, perceptually based computer graphics techniques are often used to optimize system performance. Priority rendering is a rendering technique used in conjunction with an Address Recalculation Pipeline virtual reality system, in order to reduce the overall rendering load. Further reductions to the overall rendering load have been achieved through the segmenting of large objects for priority rendering. Region warping was devised to hide scene tearing artefacts that potentially emerge as a result of implementing large object segmentation with priority rendering. Region warping however, introduces slight distortions …
A Networked Virtual Environment Communications Model Using Priority Updating, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan
A Networked Virtual Environment Communications Model Using Priority Updating, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan
Dr Yang-Wai Chow
Networked virtual environments have been used in a variety of applications ranging from military training simulations to collaborative teleconferencing, and have recently become increasingly popular in the field of entertainment especially in online gaming. As the size, distribution and number of participants of these virtual world systems increases, so do the demands placed on the limited networking resources. This has presented networked virtual environment system developers with the problem of having to design efficient network communication models in order to reduce the amount of network traffic and bandwidth utilization, while at the same time not compromising on the real-time interactive …
Region Warping In A Virtual Reality System With Priority Rendering, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan
Region Warping In A Virtual Reality System With Priority Rendering, Yang-Wai Chow, Ronald Pose, Matthew Regan
Dr Yang-Wai Chow
No abstract provided.
Roar: A Multi-Rate Opportunistic Aodv Routing Protocol For Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks, Kwan-Wu Chin, Darryn Lowe
Roar: A Multi-Rate Opportunistic Aodv Routing Protocol For Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks, Kwan-Wu Chin, Darryn Lowe
Associate Professor Kwan-Wu Chin
In this paper, we outline a simple approach, called ROAR, that enables the Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol to strengthen its routes by recruiting neighbors of nodes on the least cost path as support nodes during the route construction process, and working closely with the medium access control (MAC) to employ an opportunistic forwarding scheme that takes advantage of the node diversity at each hop. We have implemented ROAR in the ns-2 simulator over the IEEE 802.11a physical layer. From our simulation studies conducted using various network topologies and realistic radio propagation model, we find that ROAR increases …
A Novel Anti-Collision Protocol For Energy Efficient Identification And Monitoring In Rfid-Enhanced Wsns, Kwan-Wu Chin, Dheeraj Klair
A Novel Anti-Collision Protocol For Energy Efficient Identification And Monitoring In Rfid-Enhanced Wsns, Kwan-Wu Chin, Dheeraj Klair
Associate Professor Kwan-Wu Chin
This paper presents a dynamic framed slotted Aloha (DFSA) protocol that is energy efficient, and more importantly, is the first protocol capable of monitoring tags. Our protocol uses three separate frames: 1) reservation, 2) body, and 3) monitor. The reservation and body frame are used to identify tags, whereas the monitor frame is used to keep track of identified tags. We have performed extensive simulation studies on all three frames, and compared our protocol with existing framed Aloha protocols. From our results, we confirm that our protocol is suitable for use in RFID-enhanced Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).
Coordination In Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks: A Survey, Hamidreza Salarian, Kwan-Wu Chin, Fazel Naghdy
Coordination In Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks: A Survey, Hamidreza Salarian, Kwan-Wu Chin, Fazel Naghdy
Associate Professor Kwan-Wu Chin
"Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks (WSANs) have a myriad of applications, ranging from pacifying bulls to controlling light intensity in homes automatically. An important aspect of WSANs is coordination. Unlike conventional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), sensor and actuator nodes must work hand-in-hand to collect and forward data, and act on any sensed data collaboratively, promptly and reliably. To this end, this paper reviews current state-of-the-art techniques that address this fundamental problem: More specifically, we review techniques in the following areas: (i) sensor-actuator coordination, (ii) routing protocols, (iii) transport protocols, and (iv) actuator-to-actuator coordination protocols. We provide an extensive qualitative comparison of their …
Novel Association Control Strategies For Multicasting In Relay-Enabled Wlans, Kwan-Wu Chin, Shinan Li
Novel Association Control Strategies For Multicasting In Relay-Enabled Wlans, Kwan-Wu Chin, Shinan Li
Associate Professor Kwan-Wu Chin
Multicast is a fundamental communication service in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Unfortunately, multicast packets are transmitted at the base rate needlessly, which prevents rich multimedia contents from being delivered to users. To this end, a number of prior studies have proposed to increase multicast capacity whereby an Access Point (AP) transmits at the highest data rate that can be decoded by all subscribers. Another approach is by controlling subscriber-AP associations such that a given objective, e.g., AP load, is met. Moreover, they have also proposed using relays to help boost stations with weak channel condition. In this paper, we …
Aloha-Based Protocols, Kwan-Wu Chin, Dheeraj Klair
Aloha-Based Protocols, Kwan-Wu Chin, Dheeraj Klair
Associate Professor Kwan-Wu Chin
In RFID systems, the primary aim of the reader is to identify tags quickly. Hence, anti-collision protocols play an important role in arbitrating tag replies such that a reader experiences minimal or no collisions in each read round. Moreover, they must minimize idle slots to ensure high system efficiency. Otherwise, a RFID reader will experience prolonged identification delays, and also energy and bandwidth wastage. Henceforth, this chapter presents a comprehensive review of Aloha based anti-collision protocols. Specifically, we will present Pure Aloha (PA), Slotted Aloha (SA), Framed Slotted Aloha (FSA), and theirvariants. In addition, we will analyze their read performance …
Minimesh: An Opportunistic Transmission Protocol For The Ieee 802.15.3 Mac , Kwan-Wu Chin, Darryn Lowe
Minimesh: An Opportunistic Transmission Protocol For The Ieee 802.15.3 Mac , Kwan-Wu Chin, Darryn Lowe
Associate Professor Kwan-Wu Chin
This paper proposes MiniMesh, an opportunistic transmission mechanism for theIEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC) protocol; a key technology torealizing wireless personal area networks (WPANs). MiniMesh exploits thevarying channel conditions to devices in a WPAN, thereby enabling the senderand receiver of a flow to transmit at high data rates when the channelcondition is favorable. In addition, MiniMesh addresses the coverage problemthat limits peer-to-peer communications and is backward compatible with theIEEE 802.15.3 specification. We have implemented MiniMesh and the DS-UWBphysical layer that offers data rates ranging from 28 Mbps to 1 Gbps in the{\it ns-2} simulator. Our results show devices obtain …
Analysis Of Economic Data Collected In Farm Surveys, Raymond Chambers, Phillip Kokic, Nhu Che
Analysis Of Economic Data Collected In Farm Surveys, Raymond Chambers, Phillip Kokic, Nhu Che
Dr Raymond Chambers
No abstract provided.
Small Area Estimation Under Spatial Nonstationarity, Hukum Chandra, Nicola Salvati, Ra Chambers, Nikos Tzavidis
Small Area Estimation Under Spatial Nonstationarity, Hukum Chandra, Nicola Salvati, Ra Chambers, Nikos Tzavidis
Dr Raymond Chambers
"A geographical weighted empirical best linear unbiased predictor (GWEBLUP) for a small area average is proposed, and an estimator of its conditional mean squared error is developed. The popular empirical best linear unbiased predictor under the linear mixed model is obtained as a special case of the GWEBLUP. Empirical results using both model-based and design-based simulations, with the latter based on two real data sets, show that the GWEBLUP predictor can lead to efficiency gains when spatial nonstationarity is present in the data. A practical gain from using the GWEBLUP is in small area estimation for out of sample areas. …
M-Quantile Models For Small Area Estimation, Raymond Chambers, Nikos Tzavidis
M-Quantile Models For Small Area Estimation, Raymond Chambers, Nikos Tzavidis
Dr Raymond Chambers
No abstract provided.
Small Area Estimation Of Proportions In Business Surveys, Hukum Chandra, Ray Chambers, Nicola Salvati
Small Area Estimation Of Proportions In Business Surveys, Hukum Chandra, Ray Chambers, Nicola Salvati
Dr Raymond Chambers
Binary data are often of interest in business surveys, particularly when the aim is to characterize grouping in the businesses making up the survey population. When small area estimates are required for such binary data, use of standard estimation methods based on linear mixed models (LMMs) becomes problematic.We explore two model-based techniques of small area estimation for small area proportions, the empirical best predictor (EBP) under a generalized linear mixed model and the model-based direct estimator (MBDE) under a population-level LMM. Our empirical results show that both the MBDE and the EBP perform well. The EBP is a computationally intensive …
Model-Based Direct Estimation Of Small-Area Distributions, Nicola Salvati, Hukum Chandra, Ray Chambers
Model-Based Direct Estimation Of Small-Area Distributions, Nicola Salvati, Hukum Chandra, Ray Chambers
Dr Raymond Chambers
"Much of the small-area estimation literature focuses on population totals and means. However, users of survey data are often interested in the finite-population distribution of a survey variable and in the measures (e.g. medians, quartiles, percentiles) that characterize the shape of this distribution at the small-area level. In this paper we propose a model-based direct estimator (MBDE, Chandra and Chambers) of the small-area distribution function. The MBDE is defined as a weighted sum of sample data from the area of interest, with weights derived from the calibrated spline-based estimate of the finite-population distribution function introduced by Harms and Duchesne, under …
M-Quantile Models With Application To Poverty Mapping, Raymond Chambers, Nikos Tzavidis, Monica Pratesi, Nicola Salvati
M-Quantile Models With Application To Poverty Mapping, Raymond Chambers, Nikos Tzavidis, Monica Pratesi, Nicola Salvati
Dr Raymond Chambers
Over the last decade there has been growing demand for estimates ofpopulation characteristics at small area level. Unfortunately, cost constraints in thedesign of sample surveys lead to small sample sizes within these areas and as a resultdirect estimation, using only the survey data, is inappropriate since it yields estimateswith unacceptable levels of precision. Small area models are designed to tackle thesmall sample size problem. The most popular class ofmodels for small area estimationis random effects models that include random area effects to account for between areavariations. However, such models also depend on strong distributional assumptions,require a formal specification of the …