Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Cafe Formula, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

No abstract provided.

A Better Definition Of The Kilogram, Ronald F. Fox, Theodore P. Hill

Research Scholars in Residence

Fixing the value of Avogadro's constant, the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, at exactly 84446886³ would imply that one gram is the mass of exactly 18x14074481³ carbon-12 atoms. This new definition of the gram, and thereby also the kilogram, is precise, elegant and unchanging in time, unlike the current 118-year-old artifact kilogram in Paris and the proposed experimental definitions of the kilogram using man-made silicon spheres or the watt balance apparatus.

Exhuming Norwegian Ultrahigh-Pressure Rocks: Overprinting Extensional Structures And The Roleof The Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment Zone, Scott M. Johnston, Bradley R. Hacker, Torgeir B. Andersen

Physics

The Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment Zone (NSDZ) is widely cited as one of the primary structures responsible for the exhumation of Norwegian (ultra)high-pressure (UHP) rocks. Here we review data from the considerable volume of research describing this shear zone, and compile a strike-parallel cross section along the NSDZ from the Solund Basin in the south to the Sørøyane UHP domain in the north. This cross section highlights several previously unrecognized patterns, revealing a shear zone with top-to-the-west asymmetric fabrics that (1) initiated at amphibolite facies, (2) overprints metamorphic breaks and tectonostratigraphic contacts, and (3) has a gradational continuum of muscovite cooling ages. …

Problems With Precision: A Response To “Comments On ‘Data Mining Static Code Attributes To Learn Defect Predictors’”, Tim Menzies, Alex Dekhtyar, Justin Distefano, Jeremy Greenwald

Computer Science and Software Engineering

Zhang and Zhang argue that predictors are useless unless they have high precison & recall. We have a different view, for two reasons. First, for SE data sets with large neg/pos ratios, it is often required to lower precision to achieve higher recall. Second, there are many domains where low precision detectors are useful.

Enabling The Interoperability Of Large-Scale Legacy Systems, Kalyan Moy Gupta, Michael A. Zang, Adam Gray, David W. Aha, Joe Kriege, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

Legacy system data models can interoperate only if their syntactic and semantic differences are resolved. To address this problem, we have developed the Intelligent Mapping Toolkit (IMT), which enables mixed-initiative mapping of meta-data and instances between relational data models. IMT employs a distributed multi-agent architecture so that, unlike many other efforts, it can perform mapping tasks that involve thousands of schema elements. This architecture includes a novel federation of matching agents that leverage case-based reasoning methods. As part of our pre-deployment evaluation for USTRANSCOM and other DoD agencies, we evaluated IMT’s mapping performance and scalability. We show that combinations of …

Progress In Ctbt Monitoring Since Its 1999 Senate Defeat, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

Progress in monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) is examined, beginning with the 2002 National Academy of Sciences CTBT study, followed by recent findings on regional seismology, array-monitoring, correlation-detection, seismic modeling, and non-seismic technologies. The NAS-CTBT study concluded that the fully completed International Monitoring System (IMS) will reliably detect and identify underground nuclear explosions with a threshold of 0.1 kt in hard rock, if conducted anywhere in Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America. In some locations the threshold is 0.01 kt or lower, using arrays or regional seismic stations, but with an increase in background events. As …

Newton's Method Obeys Benford's Law, Arno Berger, Theodore P. Hill

Research Scholars in Residence

No abstract provided.

Pre-Conference Proceedings Of The Focus Symposium On Representation Of Context In Software Data → Information → Knowledge, Collaborative Agent Design Research Center

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

For the past 20 years commercial corporations and government agencies have suffered under the limitations of stove-piped computer software applications that function as discrete entities within a fragmented data-processing environment. In the United States of America (US) military services, lack of interoperability has been identified by numerous think tanks, advisory boards, and studies, as the primary information systems problem (e.g., Army Science Board 2000, Air Force SAB 2000 Command and Control Study, and NSB Network-Centric Naval Forces 2000). Yet, despite this level of attention, all attempts to achieve interoperability within the current data-centric information systems environment have proven to be …

Alternative Paths To Intelligent Systems, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

This paper examines the three prevalent approaches to Artificial Intelligence (AI), namely symbolic reasoning systems, connectionist systems, and emergent systems based on the principles of the subsumption theory. Distinguished by their top-down and bottom-up mechanisms all three approaches have strengths and weaknesses. While the logical reasoning approach is precise and well supported by mathematical theories and procedures, it is constrained by a largely predefined representational model. Connectionist systems, on the other hand, are able to recognize patterns even if these patterns are only similar and not identical to the patterns that they have been trained to recognize, but they have …

Knowledge Management Enterprise Services (Kmes): Concepts And Implementation Principles, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

The purpose of this paper is to present concepts and implementation principles related to the design and development of reusable software services that are capable of assisting users at the operational level. Knowledge Management Enterprise Services (KMES) are an implementation of the service-oriented architecture paradigm, with a focus on the exchange of data within the meaningful context of a particular application (i.e., knowledge) domain. This requires a KMES service to incorporate a high level representation of this knowledge domain in the form of an ontology that is shared among all collaborating services within the application environment and at the same …

Knowledge Management Enterprise Services (Kmes): Concepts And Implementation Principles, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

The purpose of this paper is to present concepts and implementation principles related to the design and development of reusable software services that are capable of assisting users at the operational level. Knowledge Management Enterprise Services (KMES) are an implementation of the service-oriented architecture paradigm, with a focus on the exchange of data within the meaningful context of a particular application (i.e., knowledge) domain. This requires a KMES service to incorporate a high level representation of this knowledge domain in the form of an ontology that is shared among all collaborating services within the application environment and at the same …

Enhancing The Face Of Service-Oriented Capabilities, Kym J. Pohl, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

With today’s focus toward discoverable web services, Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) are becoming increasingly prevalent. To support an effective interaction between services and their clientele, the sophistication of the interface, or face, such services present is of critical importance. Without a rich, expressive nature, such services struggle to satisfy the industry promises of reuse, composability, and reduced inter-component dependencies. Especially relevant for domain-oriented applications, services must present sufficient levels of expression to allow for an effective exchange of relevant context. Further, such communication should be offered in an asynchronous manner to promote both work flow efficiency and limited coupling.

This paper …

Empirical Software Engineering In Industry Short Courses, David S. Janzen, Hossein Saiedian

Computer Science and Software Engineering

This paper reports on a pilot project that incorporated small empirical studies in three industry short courses. These laboratory experiments were one component of a larger leveled study on the effects of test-driven development (TDD) on internal software quality. The approach is proposed to have pedagogical value to student-developers by improving their understanding and appreciation for empirical evidence, to instructors by providing feedback through surveys and exercises, and to the community at large by reporting results of the studies. Pre-experiment surveys in the three pilot experiments revealed large differences in programmer opinions of TDD. Possible correlations to development environment and …

Analysis Of The Longitudinal Low-Order Mode Beam Dynamics In Pep-Ii Rings At High Current Beams, Themis Mastorides, C. Rivetta, J.D. Fox, D. Teytelman, D. Van Winkle

Physics

PEP-II plans to achieve the final goal in luminosity will require an increase of the beam currents to 4 A for LER and 2.2 A for HER. These magnitudes are challenging in part because they will push the longitudinal low-order mode (LOM) beam stability and the station stability to the limit. To analyze the behavior of both rings at high currents and to understand the limits in the longitudinal feedback systems, a simulation tool has been developed at SLAC. This tool is based on a reduced model of the longitudinal LOM dynamics of the beam interacting with the effective impedance …

Selecting Rf Amplifiers For Impedance Controlled Llrf Systems - Nonlinear Effects And System Implications, John D. Fox, Themis Mastorides, Claudio Hector Rivetta, Daniel Van Winkle

Physics

Several high-current accelerators use feedback techniques in the accelerating RF systems to control the impedances seen by the circulating beam. [1, 2] These Direct and Comb Loop architectures put the high power klystron and LLRF signal processing components inside feedback loops, and the ultimate behavior of the systems depends on the individual sub-component properties. Imperfections and non-idealities in the signal processing leads to reduced effectiveness in the impedance controlled loops. In the PEP-II LLRF systems non-linear effects have been shown to reduce the achievable beam currents, increase low-mode longitudinal growth rates and reduce the margins and stability of the LLRF …

Optimized Lane Assignment Using Inter-Vehicle Communication, Thanh-Son Dao, Christopher M. Clark, Jan Paul Huissoon

Computer Science and Software Engineering

This paper presents an approach to lane assignment for highway vehicles that increases traffic throughput while ensuring they exit successfully at their destinations. Most of current traffic management systems do not consider lane organization of vehicles and only regulate traffic flows by controlling traffic signals or ramp meters. However, traffic throughput and efficient use of highways can be increased by coordinating driver behaviors intelligently. The goal of this research is to form a distributed control strategy for cars themselves to select lanes using inter-vehicle communication. Initial results are promising and demonstrate that intelligent lane selection can decrease vehicle traffic time.

Strange Particle Production In P+P Collisions At √S=200 Gev, B.I. Abelev, J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, M. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, F. Benedosso, S. Bhardwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, S.-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, T.P. Burton, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, S. Dash, M. Daugherity, M.M. De Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. Dephillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, P. Djawotho, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, M.S. Ganti, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, Y.G. Gorbunov, H. Gos, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, K.S.F.F. Guimaraes, A. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, B. Haag, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, J.W. Harris, W. He, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, A.M. Hoffman, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, P. Jakl, F. Jia, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, S.R. Klein, A. Kocoloski, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, V. Kouchpil, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, S. Lapointe, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C.-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. Levine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, X. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. Mcclain, T.S. Mcshane, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, J. Millane, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, C. Nattrass, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, M. Pachr, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Poljak, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, J. Reinnarth, D. Relyea, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, T. Sakuma, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, I. Selyuzhenkov, P. Seyboth, A. Shabetai, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, M. Sumbera, Z. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto De Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnoswky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. Van Der Kolk, M. Van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. A. Whitten Jr., H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Wu, Q.H. Xu, Z. Xu, P. Yepes, I.-K. Yoo, V.I. Yurevich, W. Zhan, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, J.X. Zuo

Physics

We present strange particle spectra and yields measured at midrapidity in √s=200 GeV proton-proton (p+p) collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We find that the previously observed universal transverse mass (mT≡√pT2+m2) scaling of hadron production in p+p collisions seems to break down at higher mT and that there is a difference in the shape of the mT spectrum between baryons and mesons. We observe midrapidity antibaryon to baryon ratios near unity for Λ and Ξ baryons and no dependence of the ratio on transverse momentum, indicating that our data do not yet reach the quark-jet dominated region. …

A Leveled Examination Of Test-Driven Development Acceptance, David S. Janzen, Hossein Saiedian

Computer Science and Software Engineering

Test-driven development (TDD) has garnered considerable attention in professional settings and has made some inroads into software engineering and computer science education. A series of leveled experiments were conducted with students in beginning undergraduate programming courses through upper-level undergraduate, graduate, and professional training courses. This paper reports that mature programmers who try TDD are more likely to choose TDD over a similar test-last approach. Additionally this research reveals differences in programmer acceptance of TDD between beginning programmers who were reluctant to adopt TDD and more mature programmers who were more willing to adopt TDD. Attention is given to confounding factors, …

Make The Most Of Your Time: How Should The Analyst Work With Automated Traceability Tools?, Alex Dekhtyar, Jane Huffman Hayes, Jody Larsen

Computer Science and Software Engineering

Several recent studies employed traditional information retrieval (IR) methods to assist in the mapping of elements of software engineering artifacts to each other. This activity is referred to as candidate link generation because the final say in determining the final mapping belongs to the human analyst. Feedback techniques that utilize information from the analyst (on whether the candidate links are correct or not) have been shown to improve the quality of the mappings. Yet the analyst is making an investment of time in providing the feedback. This leads to the question of whether or not guidance can be provided to …

Disordering To Order: De Vries Behavior From A Landau Theory For Smectic Phases, Karl Saunders, Daniel Hernandez, Staci Pearson, John Toner

Physics

We show that Landau theory for the isotropic (I), nematic (N), smectic-A, and smectic-C phases generically, but not ubiquitously, implies "de Vries" behavior: i.e., a continuous A-C transition can occur with little layer contraction while the birefringence increases significantly once the system moves into the C phase. Our theory shows that 1st order A-C transitions are also possible. These transitions can be de Vries-like, but in general need not be. Generally, de Vries behavior occurs in models with unusually small orientational order and is preceded by a first order I-A transition. These results correspond well with experimental work to date.

Passive Shielding In Cuore, F. Bellini, F. Alessandria, E. Andreotti, R. Ardito, T. D. Gutierrez, L Zanotti

Physics

The nature of neutrino mass is one of the friontier problems of fundamental physics. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0νDBD) is a powerful tool to investigate the mass hierarchy and possible extensions of the Standard Model. CUORE is a 1‐Ton next generation experiment, made of 1000 Te bolometers, aiming at reaching a background of 0.01 (possibly 0.001) counts keV⁻¹kg⁻¹y⁻¹ and therefore a mass sensitivity of few tens of meV The background contribution due to environmental neutrons, muon‐induced neutrons in the shieldings and external gamma is discussed.

How Much Warhead Reliability Is Enough For A Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty?, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

No abstract provided.

Two-Particle Correlations On Transverse Momentum And Momentum Dissipation In Au-Au Collisions At Sqrt(Snn) = 130 Gev, J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B. D. Anderson, M. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bhardwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, S-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X. Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, H.A. Choi, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M. Daugherity, M. M. De Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. Dephillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, P. Djawotho, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, Y.G. Gorbunov, H. Gos, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, K.S.F.F. Guimaraes, Y. Guo, N. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, B. Haag, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, J.W. Harris, W. He, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, P. Jakl, F. Jia, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, V. Kouchpil, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, S. Lapointe, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. Levine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. Mcclain, T.S. Mcshane, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, C. Nattrass, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, M. Pachr, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Poljak, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, J.G. Reid, J. Reinnarth, D. Relyea, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, I. Selyuzhenkov, P. Seyboth, A. Shabetai, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, M. Sumbera, Z. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto De Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. Van Der Kolk, M. Van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. A. Whitten Jr., H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Z. Xu, P. Yepes, I-K. Yoo, V.I. Yurevich, W. Zhan, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, J.X. Zuo

Physics

Measurements of two-particle correlations on transverse momentum p_t for Au–Au collisions at GeV are presented. Significant large-momentum-scale correlations are observed for charged primary hadrons with 0.15 ≤ p_t ≤ 2 GeV/c and pseudorapidity |η| ≤ 1.3. Such correlations were not observed in a similar study at lower energy and are not predicted by theoretical collision models. Their direct relation to mean-p_t fluctuations measured in the same angular acceptance is demonstrated. Positive correlations are observed for pairs of particles which have large p_t values while negative correlations occur for pairs in which one particle has …

Generalized Mixture Models, Semi-Supervised Learning, And Unknown Class Inference, Samuel J. Frame, Sreenivasa Rao Jammalamadaka

Statistics

In this paper, we discuss generalized mixture models and related semi-supervised learning methods, and show how they can be used to provide explicit methods for unknown class inference. After a brief description of standard mixture modeling and current model-based semi-supervised learning methods, we provide the generalization and discuss its computational implementation using three-stage expectation–maximization algorithm.

Benchmarks For Traceability?, Alex Dekhtyar, Jane Huffman Hayes, Giuliano Antoniol

Computer Science and Software Engineering

This position paper discusses the need for and the organization of a traceability benchmark. We establish the basic principles of organization of such a benchmark. We then observe the nature of traceability tasks in three areas of Software Engineering: independent verification and validation, software maintenance, and reverse engineering. Based on this, we derive the desiderata for a traceability benchmark addressing the needs of all three areas.

Modeling And Simulation Of Longitudinal Dynamics For Low Energy Ring-High Energy Ring At The Positron-Electron Project, C. Rivetta, Themis Mastorides, J.D. Fox, D. Teytelman, D. Van Winkle

Physics

A time domain dynamic modeling and simulation tool for beam-cavity interactions in the Low Energy Ring (LER) and High Energy Ring (HER) at the Positron-Electron Project (PEP-II) is presented. Dynamic simulation results for PEP-II are compared to measurements of the actual machine. The motivation for this tool is to explore the stability margins and performance limits of PEP-II radio-frequency (RF) systems at future higher currents and upgraded RF configurations. It also serves as a test bed for new control algorithms and can define the ultimate limits of the low-level RF (LLRF) architecture. The time domain program captures the dynamic behavior …

Scaling Properties Of Hyperon Production In Au + Au Collisions At √Snn = 200  Gev, J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, M. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bhardwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, S-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, H.A. Choi, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M. Daugherity, M.M. De Moura, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumadar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, Y.G. Gorbunov, H. Gos, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, K.S.F.F. Guimaraes, Y. Guo, N. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, B. Hagg, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, J.W. Harris, W. He, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, P. Jakl, F. Jia, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kiesiel, E.M. Kislov, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, V. Kouchpil, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, S. Lapointe, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. Levine, C. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. Mcclain, T.S. Mcshane, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, C. Nattrass, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, M. Pachr, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Poljak, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, J. Reinnarth, D. Relyea, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, I. Selyuzhenkov, P. Seyboth, A. Shabetai, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stainslaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, M. Sumbera, Z. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto De Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnoswky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. Van Der Kolk, M. Van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten Jr., H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Z. Xu, P. Yepes, I-K. Yoo, V.I. Yurevich, W. Zhan, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, J.X. Zuo

Physics

We present the scaling properties of Λ, Ξ, and Ω in midrapidity Au+Au collisions at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at sNN−−−−√=200  GeV. The yield of multistrange baryons per participant nucleon increases from peripheral to central collisions more rapidly than that of Λ, indicating an increase of the strange-quark density of the matter produced. The strange phase-space occupancy factor γs approaches unity for the most central collisions. Moreover, the nuclear modification factors of p, Λ, and Ξ are consistent with each other for 2

Water Quality Relative To Slope Toe Strip Type And Length, Brent G. Hallock, Lauren Corkins, Steve Rein, Michael Curto, Misty Scharff

Earth and Soil Sciences

Vegetation plays an important role in decreasing soil particle detachment and transport from sites following disturbance. Past rainfall simulator research (Caltrans 2004) using 2.5 m L x 0.6 m W soil test boxes with a 0.25 m sod strip (1 :10 slope proportion) at the slope toe found statistically significant reduction of total sediment loss to near zero. A principle limitation of the previous in house experiment is that a 1: 10 proportion of sod strip to slope length is not practical, nor equivalent with many industry specifications. Therefore, another rainfall simulator experiment was designed and conducted from October 2005 …

Convergent Numerical Scheme For Singular Stochastic Control With State Constraints In A Portfolio Selection Problem, Amarjit Budhiraja, Kevin Ross

Statistics

We consider a singular stochastic control problem with state constraints that arises in problems of optimal consumption and investment under transaction costs. Numerical approximations for the value function using the Markov chain approximation method of Kushner and Dupuis are studied. The main result of the paper shows that the value function of the Markov decision problem (MDP) corresponding to the approximating controlled Markov chain converges to that of the original stochastic control problem as various parameters in the approximation approach suitable limits. All our convergence arguments are probabilistic; the main assumption that we make is that the value function be …

The Energy Dependence Of PT Angular Correlations Inferred From Mean-PT Fluctuation Scale Dependence In Heavy Ion Collisions At The Sps And Rhic, J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, M. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bhardwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, S-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, B. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, H.A. Choi, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M. Daugherity, M.M. De Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. Dephillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, P. Djawotho, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, Y.G. Gorbunov, H. Gos, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, K.S.F.F. Guimaraes, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, B. Haag, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, J.W. Harris, W. He, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, P. Jakl, F. Jia, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, J. Kapitan, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, V. Kouchpil, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, S. Lapointe, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. Levine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y. G. Ma, D. Magestro, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. Mcclain, T.S. Mcshane, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, C. Nattrass, T.K. Nayak, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, M. Pachr, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Poljak, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, J. Reinnarth, D. Relyea, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, I. Selyuzhenkov, P. Seyboth, A. Shabetai, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, M. Sumbera, Z. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto De Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. Van Der Kolk, M. Van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. A. Whitten Jr., H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Z. Xu, P. Yepes, I-K. Yoo, V.I. Yurevich, W. Zhan, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, J.X. Zuo

Physics

We present the first study of the energy dependence of p_t angular correlations inferred from event-wise mean transverse momentum p_t fluctuations in heavy ion collisions. We compare our large-acceptance measurements at CM energies , 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV to SPS measurements at 12.3 and 17.3 GeV. p_t angular correlation structure suggests that the principal source of p_t correlations and fluctuations is minijets (minimum-bias parton fragments). We observe a dramatic increase in correlations and fluctuations from SPS to RHIC energies, increasing linearly with from the onset of observable jet-related p_t fluctuations near 10 GeV.