Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Articles 2071 - 2100 of 3382

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Attention Mechanism In Battlefield Situation Awareness, Yisi Kong, Xiaofeng Hu, Zhu Feng, Jiuyang Tao Jun 2020

Attention Mechanism In Battlefield Situation Awareness, Yisi Kong, Xiaofeng Hu, Zhu Feng, Jiuyang Tao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Battlefield situation awareness (BSA) is the basis of C2 and decision making. Research on BSA can clarify the mechanism and lay the foundation for designing intelligent model and algorithm to assist commanders with situation awareness. Taking attention mechanism as the point, the relevant discussion in psychology was summarized, a framework of the attention mechanism in BSA was put forth, and its application in operational target value assessment was explored.


Motion Reconstruction And Simulation Using Sparse Inertial Sensors, Lijun Cui, Tianyu Huang, Feng Feng, Zhang Jie, Yang Kai, Liu Dong Jun 2020

Motion Reconstruction And Simulation Using Sparse Inertial Sensors, Lijun Cui, Tianyu Huang, Feng Feng, Zhang Jie, Yang Kai, Liu Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A method was proposed to reconstruct high-dimensional full-body motion sequences from low-dimensional control data collected by sparse inertial sensors. The approach solved the mapping problem from low dimension to high dimension. A numerical similarity- geometrical similarity-time continuity model was setup to ensure the reconstructed motion candidates in numerical-logical similarity. The gap between angle and angular acceleration was eliminated by acceleration reconstruction. An energy function was introduced to optimize the reconstructed results which guaranteed the accuracy. The analysis and comparison experiments show that the proposed method can reconstruct nature and credible motions in real-time and can be applied …


A Cnn Based Cognitive Method To Battlefields Encompassing Situation With Insufficient Samples, Zhu Feng, Xiaofeng Hu, Xiaoyuan He, Yisi Kong, Yang Lu Jun 2020

A Cnn Based Cognitive Method To Battlefields Encompassing Situation With Insufficient Samples, Zhu Feng, Xiaofeng Hu, Xiaoyuan He, Yisi Kong, Yang Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To research the issue of how to grasp the commander's cognitive experience successfully and effectively facing to battlefields sight map, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) as a kind of the typical algorithm in deep learning can provide the key ways. However, CNN needs the enough samples for running. These samples are hardly to achieve for the time being. Aimed at these problems, some exploring researches were carried out. The issues of battlefields encompassing situation cognition met generally in the warfare and lacking enough samples were discussed. On the basis of analyzing the image characteristics of battlefields encompassing situation and the …


Travel Time Prediction Of Urban Road Based On Deep Learning, Weiwei Zhang, Ruimin Li, Zhongjiao Xie Jun 2020

Travel Time Prediction Of Urban Road Based On Deep Learning, Weiwei Zhang, Ruimin Li, Zhongjiao Xie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Travel time prediction of urban road is a significant support for urban intelligent transportation system. Four types of LSTM neural network architecture were selected to predict the urban road travel time. The number of nodes in the LSTM hidden layer was fixed to determine the optimal input length of the model. The input length of the model was fixed and the predictive performance of the four LSTM models under different hidden layer nodes and considering spatial correlation were tested respectively. The performance of spatial LSTM model was compared with four traditional models, for example, BP neural network. The results …


Image Retrieval Using Weighted Vocabulary Tree With Location Information, Chen Ying, Jiayu Guo Jun 2020

Image Retrieval Using Weighted Vocabulary Tree With Location Information, Chen Ying, Jiayu Guo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the positional information ignorance problem in image retrieval based on SIFT feature matching, an image retrieval approach using weighted vocabulary tree based on the spatial location information was proposed. The vocabulary tree is used in the method to quantify SIFT features as the visual words, converting the image match into the visual words' weight vector match. Because only visual words' weight match ignored the mutual position effect, SIFT points' spatial location information was generated, and was classified into the position effect of visual words according to affiliation between SIFT points and visual words. The spatial location information …


Novel Distance Measure Between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, Luo Xiao, Weimin Li Jun 2020

Novel Distance Measure Between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, Luo Xiao, Weimin Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Distance measure is a basic and crucial notion of set theory. Since the intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) were put forward, distance between IFSs has been widely concerned by some researchers and many types of measures have been proposed. Most of them have counter-intuitive cases and ignore the characteristics of three parameter properties of IFSs. The concept of fuzzy distance was introduced, which embodied the characteristics of classical distance and highlights the characteristics of hesitance index simultaneously. A new fuzzy distance measure was proposed, and the corresponding proof was included. An artificial benchmark test set of distance measure was constructed …


Dynamics Analysis Of Flue Gas Compression System In Oxy-Coal Fired Boiler, Jianqiang Gao, Zhang Chen Jun 2020

Dynamics Analysis Of Flue Gas Compression System In Oxy-Coal Fired Boiler, Jianqiang Gao, Zhang Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Taking the flue gas compression system in a 300MW oxy-coal fired boiler unit as an object of study by concept design, math model of gas compressor and gas cooler were established with the method of lumped parameter, and dynamic simulation of flue gas compression system was developed. The disturbance experiments on coal-feeder speed and flue gas compressor speed, etc. were carried out based on B-MCR stable condition. As a result, the operating parameters of gas compressor have a more sensitive response and larger change magnitude when the perturbation of coal feeder speed and gas compressor speed is disturbed; when …


Scheduling Problem Of Unidirectional Material Handling System With Short-Cut, Juntao Li, Kun Xia, Kise Hiroshi Jun 2020

Scheduling Problem Of Unidirectional Material Handling System With Short-Cut, Juntao Li, Kun Xia, Kise Hiroshi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Unidirectional circulation-type material handling system on a single loop with a shortcut is a typical and basic unit in a flexible manufacturing system or logistics system. It is widely used in semiconductor wafer fabrication system. Superposition efficiency of the basic unit often determines the one of the whole system. Different scheduling rules impact the interference between AGVs and then have an important effect on the efficiency of the whole system. To decrease the interference and improve performance of the system, a mathematical model of this system was made, analyzing this system by simulation and comparing the merits and …


Adaptive Mutative Scale Chaos Particles Swarm Optimization Based On Logistic Mapping, Yanyang Zeng, Yunxia Feng, Wentao Zhao Jun 2020

Adaptive Mutative Scale Chaos Particles Swarm Optimization Based On Logistic Mapping, Yanyang Zeng, Yunxia Feng, Wentao Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To overcome the shortcomings of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), an Adaptive Mutative Scale Chaos Particles Swarm Optimization (ACPSO) based on Logistic Mapping was proposed. The chaos method was used to initialize the particles. The adjustment method of the inertia weight depended on the particle's fitness; it could avoid premature convergence for the particles. When the particles fell into the local optimum, mutative scale chaos optimization strategy was adopted to adjust the optimal particles. To test the effectiveness of the algorithm, three representative algorithms were compared with. The results show that the algorithm has high convergence speed and high precision.


Target Combination Selection Optimization Method Of Joint Operations Based On Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm, Suike Li, Jianhua Xiang, Haijun Wang, Mingzhi Zhang, Li Yi Jun 2020

Target Combination Selection Optimization Method Of Joint Operations Based On Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm, Suike Li, Jianhua Xiang, Haijun Wang, Mingzhi Zhang, Li Yi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Under the condition of informatization, it is necessary to use intelligent model and optimization method to realize the cooperation and fusion of multi arms combat firepower. Aiming at the problem of target decision-making and firepower allocation in joint operations, the fuzzy multi-objective programming model was constructed to achieve the overall goal of achieving the maximum and the best firepower as a dual goal. In the model solving algorithm, the possibility theory was used to transform the fuzzy number, the model was transformed into the multi-objective programming model in the deterministic form. In order to improve the efficiency of …


Modeling And Dynamic Research Based On Ritz Series For Ball Screw Drive System, Rongrong Qian, Minzhou Luo, Jianghai Zhao, Li Tao, Li Lu Jun 2020

Modeling And Dynamic Research Based On Ritz Series For Ball Screw Drive System, Rongrong Qian, Minzhou Luo, Jianghai Zhao, Li Tao, Li Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To analyze the vibration performance of the ball screw drive system, the finite element model (FEM) of the simplified system by Ansys/Workbench was given to acquire the vibration mode and shape. Based on the vibration shape calculated from FEM, a set of hybrid basis function was used to generate the new Ritz series for building the system motion equation of the axial and torsional vibration. The pitch of the ball screw was considered in the method. A mathematical model which was easy to design the controller was developed. Through the numerical simulation, the modal characteristics and shape of …


Artillery Company Firepower Assignment Model And Algorithm, Xuezhi Lü, Lisheng Chang, Xianwen Wang, Xinhui Zhao Jun 2020

Artillery Company Firepower Assignment Model And Algorithm, Xuezhi Lü, Lisheng Chang, Xianwen Wang, Xinhui Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In view of deficiency of traditional firepower assignment method and characteristics of modern artillery, the model and algorithm of firepower assignment of artillery company were studied. The firepower assignment problem of artillery company was described, and the resolving concept was discussed. Three firepower assignment modes based on resolving concept were introduced. The idea of getting optimal solution of firepower assignment with Monte Carlo simulation and golden section search were analyzed. The model and algorithm were validated with an example.


Construction Method Of Reconnaissance Assistant Decision Model, Guo Rui, Xiaoyuan He, Zhu Feng Jun 2020

Construction Method Of Reconnaissance Assistant Decision Model, Guo Rui, Xiaoyuan He, Zhu Feng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The fog of war in modern battlefield information big data generated by the judgment of the battlefield commander had a strong interference, which could increase the difficulty of decision-making. The use of reconnaissance and early warning forces is the beginning of mastering the initiative of the battlefield. Intelligent auxiliary investigation command is to achieve this goal. On the basis of the simulation system field data of a certain operations, through extracting the key information of reconnaissance order, combined with establishing the labels of reconnaissance effect, an auxiliary decision model aimed at reconnaissance and early warning is designed. This model …


Modeling Of Spectrum Sensing Energy Consumption In Cognitive Radio Networks, Ziru Cui, Peng Yi Jun 2020

Modeling Of Spectrum Sensing Energy Consumption In Cognitive Radio Networks, Ziru Cui, Peng Yi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In cognitive radio networks, the energy consumption in the process of spectrum sensing is the hot spot of research. A unified framework for modeling based on Poisson process was developed which could be used even under interference limited to count the energy consumption, thereby obtaining a spectrum sensing energy consumption. Spectrum sensing energy as the function of the number of secondary users in cognitive radio networks, their spatial density and the number of hops, could be modelled as a truncated gamma distribution. This model is used to statistically analyze cognitive users' energy consumption in the process of spectrum sensing …


Performance Evaluation Of Guidance And Control System Based On Improved Latin Hypercube, Denghui Zhang, Chao Tao, Songyan Wang, Ma Ping Jun 2020

Performance Evaluation Of Guidance And Control System Based On Improved Latin Hypercube, Denghui Zhang, Chao Tao, Songyan Wang, Ma Ping

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the low efficiency and the poor space-filling property in the aircraft performance evaluation combined with simulation experiment, a novel aircraft performance evaluation method based on the improved LHD (Latin hypercube designs) was investigated. The six-DOF (Degree of Freedom) rigid aircraft model was built. Considering the characteristic of BTT (bank-to-turn) vehicle in dive phase, the performance evaluation index system of its guidance and control system was set up. The optimal LHD was applied to the performance evaluation of the aircraft guidance and control system. The improved algorithm can quickly construct a good design …


Best Viewpoint Selection For 3d Visualization Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Panpan Jia, Yanyang Zeng, Yunxia Feng Jun 2020

Best Viewpoint Selection For 3d Visualization Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Panpan Jia, Yanyang Zeng, Yunxia Feng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The viewpoint selection is to automatically select one or more approximate optimal viewpoints in the viewpoints of multiple views, at the same time, it is related to the evaluation of the quality of the viewpoint. 3D visualization best viewpoint selection method based on particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The viewpoint quality was evaluated by using the image information entropy and the image edge entropy, and the viewpoint was selected by the multi-objective intelligent optimization method. The basic flow begins with the initial viewpoint set, finding the best viewpoint by means of coding, particle evaluation, and particle update, which …


Simulation Study For Truck Restriction Strategies On Jingzang Expressway In Beijing, Senyan Yang, Jianping Wu, Mingyu Liu, He Lei Jun 2020

Simulation Study For Truck Restriction Strategies On Jingzang Expressway In Beijing, Senyan Yang, Jianping Wu, Mingyu Liu, He Lei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Lane restriction strategy for trucks is an effective way to improve the capacity of expressways and ease traffic congestion. Microscopic simulation models were employed to assess the impacts of restriction strategies and truck accidents on expressway traffic condition. Parameters were calibrated and validated based on the field data of Jingzang Expressway. Five simulation scenarios with different time setting for trucks' no passing were established, and evacuation after truck accident was simulated. Simulation results indicate that the most suitable time for trucks' no passing is from 7:00 to 19:00. The travel time of small passenger cars can be reduced …


Submarine Tactical Action Scheme Optimization Method Based On Massive Result Data, Zhang Hui, Sijin Wu, Cheng Jian Jun 2020

Submarine Tactical Action Scheme Optimization Method Based On Massive Result Data, Zhang Hui, Sijin Wu, Cheng Jian

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Taking submarine evasion anti-sub force formation search scheme optimization as an example, a submarine tactical action scheme optimization method based on massive simulation result data was proposed. The operational effectiveness data in different situation of various scheme were generated by off-line simulation, which was used as massive data to support on-line real time decision. Real time decision used interpolation method to estimate the operational effectiveness based on the data. According to the computational experiments, accuracy and efficiency can both satisfy the need of real time decision.


Evolutionary Extreme Learning Machine Optimized By Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization, Pang Shan, Xinyi Yang, Xuesen Lin Jun 2020

Evolutionary Extreme Learning Machine Optimized By Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization, Pang Shan, Xinyi Yang, Xuesen Lin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is a novel learning algorithm for Single-Hidden-Layer Feed Forward Neural Networks (SLFN) with much faster learning speed and better generalization performance than traditional gradient-based learning algorithms. However ELM tends to require more neurons in the hidden layer and lead to ill-conditioned problem due to the random selection of input weights and hidden biases. To address these problems, a learning algorithm was proposed which used quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) to select the optimal network parameters including the number of hidden layer neurons according to the both the root mean square error on validation data set …


Two Power Sliding Mode Neural Network Compensation Control For Space Robot After Target Capturing, Cheng Jing, Chen Li Jun 2020

Two Power Sliding Mode Neural Network Compensation Control For Space Robot After Target Capturing, Cheng Jing, Chen Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The impact analyses of space robot capturing a target and stability control problem in the post-impact process were discussed. The dynamic models of space robot system and target were derived by multi-body theory. The impact effect of rigidcouplingmodel was analyzed by applying geometric relationship and principle of momentum conservation. Atwo power sliding mode neural network control scheme was proposed for the combined system after acquiring with uncertain system parameters and external disturbance. The convergence speed of the control system was guaranteed by applyingtwo power sliding mode reaching raw, and the uncertain part was compensated by using neural …


Cloud Manufacturing Resource Discovery Method Based On Eav Model And Solr, Geng Chao, Shiyou Qu, Yingying Xiao, Guoqiang Shi, Tingyu Lin, Liqin Guo, Xiaowei Wang Jun 2020

Cloud Manufacturing Resource Discovery Method Based On Eav Model And Solr, Geng Chao, Shiyou Qu, Yingying Xiao, Guoqiang Shi, Tingyu Lin, Liqin Guo, Xiaowei Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A resource discovery solution of cloud manufacturing based on text information processing technology was proposed. This solution converted the description model of cloud manufacturing resource to a formal model of text information processing via a mapping function, and an EAV (Entity-Attribute-Value) derived model of cloud manufacturing resources was designed to solve the resource properties issues of heterogeneity, diversity, dynamic and so on. By introducing the Solr index schema, the text indexing system of resource properties data was built to improve query performance of related data. A prototype system was designed for discovering cloud manufacturing resources based on …


Brief Technical Analysis Of Malicious Cyber Attacks In Power System, Yan Ru, Minrui Fei, Dajun Du Jun 2020

Brief Technical Analysis Of Malicious Cyber Attacks In Power System, Yan Ru, Minrui Fei, Dajun Du

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The power system is responsible for providing electric power to the society. Whether its operation is safe and reliable or not is directly related to the economic livelihood and national security. The malicious cyber-attacks happening on power systems in recent years were summarized, the attack methods used in malicious attack were enumerated, and the complexity and diversity of attack methods were analyzed. The vulnerability of the power system at present was pointed putting forward the corresponding measures to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system. Experimental simulation is designed to analyze the attack methods. The future research …


Air Command And Support Heterogeneous Systems Integration Technology Supporting Lvc Simulation, Yongliang Luo, Zhang Jun, Yuping Xiong, Zhihui Zhang, Yuanhui Qin Jun 2020

Air Command And Support Heterogeneous Systems Integration Technology Supporting Lvc Simulation, Yongliang Luo, Zhang Jun, Yuping Xiong, Zhihui Zhang, Yuanhui Qin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the integration of heterogeneous simulation systems or platforms based on different communication protocols, a heterogeneous system integration technology of Air Command and Security System (ACSS) for LVC simulation was proposed combined with ACSS integrated simulation requirements. By analyzing the characteristics and requirements of air command and support LVC simulation system, an integrated framework of air command and LVC simulation system on the basis of existing heterogeneous system integration technology and data center was proposed. Those aspects such as resource layer, middleware layer, core service layer, application layer and so on were introduced. An integrated framework for command …


Modeling Of Steam Turbine's Governing System During Main Steam Valve Activity Test And Control Optimization, Sheng Kai, Shuangjian Peng, Xun Xin, Bochun Wang, Fu Qiang Jun 2020

Modeling Of Steam Turbine's Governing System During Main Steam Valve Activity Test And Control Optimization, Sheng Kai, Shuangjian Peng, Xun Xin, Bochun Wang, Fu Qiang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A Model of 300 MW thermal power unit's governing system of steam turbine is established to analyze its load fluctuation during main steam valve activity test. The model contains three sub-models; they are the model of turbine's governor during main steam valve activity test, the model of electric-hydraulic servo actuator, and the model of turbine considering governing valve's discharge characteristic. The analyses on these models indicate that mismatch among control model, configuration of DEH (Digital Electric Hydraulic Control System) and characteristic of the unit is the cause of load fluctuation. Through simulation, the method for load fluctuation suppression was …


Simulation And Verification For Low Altitude Ground Reflection Characteristics Of Low-Frequency Broadband Signal, Zhannan Ma, Feifei Du, Jinxi Chen Jun 2020

Simulation And Verification For Low Altitude Ground Reflection Characteristics Of Low-Frequency Broadband Signal, Zhannan Ma, Feifei Du, Jinxi Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Low frequency broadband signals have advantages in improving radar target recognition ability. To determine the ground reflectance of broadband signal at low altitude, the ground reflectance of different frequency points of narrowband is used to compose the equivalent ground reflectance of broadband signal based on ground reflection model. The relationship between ground reflectance and ground characteristics (relative dielectric constant, conductivity), grazing angle, and polarization characteristics were discussed in detail. The reflectance in typical environment was verified using the method of antenna pattern test at low altitude. Results show that the reflectance simulation model was effective, and the model provides …


Two-Dimensional Parameter Estimation Of Near Field Sources Based On Propagator Method, Caifeng Liang, Pan Jing, Liu Ying, Li Xu Jun 2020

Two-Dimensional Parameter Estimation Of Near Field Sources Based On Propagator Method, Caifeng Liang, Pan Jing, Liu Ying, Li Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A new method based on fourth-order cumulant and propagator method for the joint estimation of the range and DOA of spatial near-field sources is presented. The fourth-order cumulant matrix is constructed using the received uniform linear array data, the received signal noise subspace is estimated by propagator method; the range and DOA of spatial near-field sources are gotten through the spectrum peak search method after the MUSIC spectrum function construction. Compared with the traditional MUSIC algorithm, the presented algorithm with the propagator method directly estimates the least squares solution of the noise subspace, rather than conventional orthogonal solution of …


Eigen-Value Combination Approach For Speech Enhancement, Huijuan Lu, Yaqing Liu, Yanqiu Liu, Guan Wei Jun 2020

Eigen-Value Combination Approach For Speech Enhancement, Huijuan Lu, Yaqing Liu, Yanqiu Liu, Guan Wei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to further suppress noise, a kind of speech enhancement algorithm based on Eigen-value merge was proposed. Eigen-values combination was used to improve the speech quality on the basis of the classic embedded pre-whitening subspace methods. The study shows that, after decomposing the covariance matrix of speech signals with noise, the larger Eigen-value component mainly includes speech information, and the smaller Eigen-value component mainly contains noise. Sorted by Eigen-values from small to big, the adjacent large Eigen-value component replaces with small Eigen-value component, which can effectively suppress noise and improve the quality of speech. Compared with other speech …


Carrier Disposition Pwm Control With No Dead Zone For Tnpc Inverter, Wenjuan Li, Feng Jie, Wang Chao Jun 2020

Carrier Disposition Pwm Control With No Dead Zone For Tnpc Inverter, Wenjuan Li, Feng Jie, Wang Chao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: After the addition of dead zone, the carrier disposition PWM modulation method could have some problems, such as distortion of current waveform and decreasing of voltage utilization ratio. Taking the TNPC type three-level inverter as a researching object, a novel method of the carrier disposition PWM modulation with no dead zone for three-level inverter was proposed, in which three PWM modulation signals were generated by using triple carrier wave. By analyzing the effect caused by the dead zone in different operating states, on and off rules of power switches were derived. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environment show that the …


Implementation And Application Of Complex System Modeling And Simulation Language Compiler, Zhou Wen, Chi Peng, Bohu Li, Song Xiao Jun 2020

Implementation And Application Of Complex System Modeling And Simulation Language Compiler, Zhou Wen, Chi Peng, Bohu Li, Song Xiao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Simulation language is a key technology of integrated simulation based design software environment. A difficulty of developing simulation language is the compiler that automatically transfers simulation language Semantics to programming language such as C++. The contents and features of CMSL were introduced. And a compiler which could analyze simulation text written in CMSL was implemented. A decouple method for Discrete System was proposed and integrated in the compiler. The features object-oriented and components oriented of CMSL were verified by an example with its ability to describe discrete system.


Research On Force Compliance Of The Hydraulic Control System In Major-Motion Mechanism For Manipulator, Geqiang Li, Jingwei Zhang, Yuesong Li, Bin Zhou, Shuye Ma Jun 2020

Research On Force Compliance Of The Hydraulic Control System In Major-Motion Mechanism For Manipulator, Geqiang Li, Jingwei Zhang, Yuesong Li, Bin Zhou, Shuye Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The force compliance method of the hydraulic control system in major-motion mechanism was proposed during the forging process. Taking the major-motion mechanism of the forging manipulator as the target, the inverse kinematics model of major-motion mechanism was established, and the dynamic model of hydraulic control system was built. Through taking the pressure as the controlled variable, the model of the lifting hydraulic control system was obtained by using the co-simulation technology. Based on the principle of the horizontal buffering system, the model of the buffering hydraulic system which was made up of the buffering cylinder and the accumulator …