Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Recirculation Over Complex Terrain, Eric Kutter, Chuixiang Yi, George Hendrey, Heping Liu, Timothy Eaton, Wenge Ni-Meister

Publications and Research

This study generated eddy covariance data to investigate atmospheric dynamics leeward of a small, forested hillside in upstate New York. The causes and effects of recirculation eddies were examined to support the larger goal of improving measurement of the exchange of energy, moisture, and trace gases between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere over complex terrain. Sensors operated at five different altitudes on two separate towers—one at the top of the hill and one down the slope to the east—for approximately 8 weeks in the spring of 2013. During the experiment, the vertical potential temperature gradient was found to be …

Diophantine Approximation And The Atypical Numbers Of Nathanson And O'Bryant, David Seff

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

For any positive real number $\theta > 1$, and any natural number $n$, it is obvious that sequence $\theta^{1/n}$ goes to 1. Nathanson and O'Bryant studied the details of this convergence and discovered some truly amazing properties. One critical discovery is that for almost all $n$, $\displaystyle\floor{\frac{1}{\fp{\theta^{1/n}}}}$ is equal to $\displaystyle\floor{\frac{n}{\log\theta}-\frac{1}{2}}$, the exceptions, when $n > \log_2 \theta$, being termed atypical $n$ (the set of which for fixed $\theta$ being named $\mcA_\theta$), and that for $\log\theta$ rational, the number of atypical $n$ is finite. Nathanson left a number of questions open, and, subsequently, O'Bryant developed a theory to answer most of these …

Feature Selection From Large Acoustic Feature Sets In Computational Paralinguistics, Dara Pir

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The burgeoning field of computational paralinguistics deals with the ways in which spoken words are uttered and attempts to recognize the states and traits of the speakers. Many areas of current scientific research, including computational paralinguistics, have started to employ datasets with ever increasing number of features. Using large feature sets has helped improve recognition performances. However, processing these large sets has given rise to various problems. Feature selection methods, which reduce the dimensionality of the original feature sets by removing irrelevant and/or redundant features, could be used to address these problems.

The two main methods for feature selection are …

Incorporating Place And Space: A Hierarchical Spatial Approach To Exploring Preventable Congestive Heart Failure Hospitalizations In New York City, Rachael Weiss Riley

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Faced with rising medical care costs, increasing prevalence, and widening health disparities, preventing congestive heart failure (CHF) hospitalizations is a central public health concern. Despite evidence of geographical clustering in preventable CHF admissions, there is a lack of research designed to examine spatial patterning of CHF and the local area neighborhood determinants that contribute to this variability. This study sought to assess and evaluate the importance of both space and place in analyzing preventable CHF hospitalizations and readmissions by applying appropriate statistical techniques, clarifying the assumption inherent in each method, and interpreting the findings within the context of existing …

Fast Algorithms On Random Matrices And Structured Matrices, Liang Zhao

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Randomization of matrix computations has become a hot research area in the big data era. Sampling with randomly generated matrices has enabled fast algorithms to perform well for some most fundamental problems of numerical algebra with probability close to 1. The dissertation develops a set of algorithms with random and structured matrices for the following applications: 1) We prove that using random sparse and structured sampling enables rank-r approximation of the average input matrix having numerical rank r. 2) We prove that Gaussian elimination with no pivoting (GENP) is numerically safe for the average nonsingular and well-conditioned matrix preprocessed with …

Light-Induced Electrohydrodynamic Instability In Plasmonically Absorbing Gold Nanofluids, Sujan Shrestha, Luat T. Vuong, Jorge Luis Dominguez-Juarez

Publications and Research

Plasmonically absorbing nanofluids exhibit light-induced electrokinetics. We measure an electrical response to the light-induced Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convective instabilities in gold-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in isopropanol and water. Microampere current oscillations are measured and attributed to the presence of the Au-PVP NPs with negative zeta potential, in correspondence with the accompanying thermal lens oscillations and a nanofluid thermoelectric effect. The measured electrical oscillations represent an electrohydrodynamic stability driven by light, one among many that should be observed with plasmonic nanoparticles in liquids.

Detection Of Cathinone And Mephedrone In Plasma By Lc-Ms/Ms Using Standard Addition Quantification Technique, Theron W. Ng-A-Qui

Student Theses

Designer drugs are structural analogs of Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Schedule I and II substances. They are synthesized to mimic the effects of illegal drugs of abuse and to bypass the provisions of drug regulations. Despite the increased availability of designer drugs, few studies have focused on specific analytical extraction techniques for their detection and quantification in biological samples. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is the most commonly used technique for sample preparation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extraction efficiency of the various SPE columns with different sorbent materials for two designer drugs, cathinone and mephedrone in …

Sliding Window Based Feature Extraction And Traffic Clustering For Green Mobile Cyberphysical Systems, Jiao Zhang, Li Zhou, Angran Xiao, Sai Zeng, Haitao Zhao, Jibo Wei

Publications and Research

Both the densification of small base stations and the diversity of user activities bring huge challenges for today’s heterogeneous networks, either heavy burdens on base stations or serious energy waste. In order to ensure coverage of the network while reducing the total energy consumption, we adopt a green mobile cyberphysical system (MCPS) to handle this problem. In this paper, we propose a feature extractionmethod using sliding window to extract the distribution feature of mobile user equipment (UE), and a case study is presented to demonstrate that the method is efficacious in reserving the clustering distribution feature. Furthermore, we present traffic …

Tunneling Of Hybridized Pairs Of Electrons Through A One-Dimensional Channel, Godfrey Gumbs, Danghong Huang, Julie Hon, M. Pepper, Sanjeev Kumar

Publications and Research

Recently, the electron transport through a quasi-one dimensional (quasi-1D) electron gas was investigated experimentally as a function of the confining potential. We present a physical model for quantum ballistic transport of electrons through a short conduction channel, and investigate the role played by the Coulomb interaction in modifying the energy levels of twoelectron states at low temperatures as the width of the channel is increased. In this regime, the effect of the Coulomb interaction on the two-electron states has been shown to lead to four split energy levels, including two anticrossings and two crossinglevel states. Due to the interplay between …

Development Of Geospatial And Temporal Characteristics For Hispaniola’S Lake Azuei And Enriquillo Using Landsat Imagery, Mahrokh Moknatian, Michael Piasecki, Jorge Gonzalez

Publications and Research

In this paper, we used Landsat imagery for water body identification to create a novel 36-year surface area extent time series for lakes Azuei (Haiti) and Enriquillo (Dominican Republic) aimed at illuminating the dramatic temporal changes of these two lakes not just at yearly but at monthly or even sub-monthly scales. We used the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to extract water features and we also used spatial differentiation and thresholding techniques to remove clouds and associated shadows from the scene that were then passed through gap filling algorithms to complete and extract the lake extent polygons. We also explored …

Automated Refactoring Of Legacy Java Software To Default Methods, Raffi T. Khatchadourian, Hidehiko Masuhara

Publications and Research

Java 8 default methods, which allow interfaces to contain (instance) method implementations, are useful for the skeletal implementation software design pattern. However, it is not easy to transform existing software to exploit default methods as it requires analyzing complex type hierarchies, resolving multiple implementation inheritance issues, reconciling differences between class and interface methods, and analyzing tie-breakers (dispatch precedence) with overriding class methods to preserve type-correctness and confirm semantics preservation. In this paper, we present an efficient, fully-automated, type constraint-based refactoring approach that assists developers in taking advantage of enhanced interfaces for their legacy Java software. The approach features an extensive …

Automated Refactoring Of Legacy Java Software To Default Methods, Raffi T. Khatchadourian, Hidehiko Masuhara

Publications and Research

Java 8 introduces enhanced interfaces, allowing for default (instance) methods that implementers will inherit if none are provided [3]. Default methods can be used [2] as a replacement of the skeletal implementation pattern [1], which creates abstract skeletal implementation classes that implementers extend. Migrating legacy code using the skeletal implementation pattern to instead use default methods can require significant manual effort due to subtle language and semantic restrictions. It requires preserving typecorrectness by analyzing complex type hierarchies, resolving issues arising from multiple inheritance, reconciling differences between class and interface methods, and ensuring tie-breakers with overriding class methods do not alter …

Cancer Cell Spheroids Are A Better Screen For The Photodynamic Efficiency Of Glycosylated Photosensitizers, Patrícia M. R. Pereira, Naxhije Berisha, N.V.S. Dinesh K. Bhupathiraju, Rosa Fernandes, João P.C. Tomé, Charles Michael Drain

Publications and Research

Environmental remediation requires ion-selective polymers that operate under a wide range of solution conditions. In one example, removal of trivalent and divalent metal ions from waste streams resulting from mining operations before they enter the environment requires treatment at acidic pH. The monoethyl ester phosphate ligands developed in this report operate from acidic solutions. They have been prepared on polystyrene-bound ethylene glycol, glycerol, and pentaerythritol, and it is found that intraligand hydrogen bonding affects their metal ion affinities. The affinity for a set of trivalent (Fe(III), Al(III), La(III), and Lu(III)) and divalent (Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) ions is greater …

Impact Of Heatwave On A Megacity: An Observational Analysis Of New York City During July 2016, Prathap Ramamurthy, Jorge Gonzalez, Luis E. Ortiz, Mark Arend, Fred Moshary

Publications and Research

More than half of the world's current population resides in urban areas, and cities account for roughly three-quarters of the total greenhouse gas emissions. Current and future trends in urbanization will have significant impacts on global climate. However, our collective understanding of the climate of urban areas remains deficient, which is mainly related to significant knowledge gaps in observations. The New York City Summer Heat Campaign was initiated to address some of these critical knowledge gaps. As part of the campaign the urban boundary layer over New York City was continuously monitored during July 2016, a period that witnessed three …

General Astronomy 110 Syllabus (Zero Textbook Cost), Carlos Chaparro

Open Educational Resources

The spring 2017 syllabus for the General Astronomy Course (AST 110), developed as part of the textbook free courseware initiative at Borough of Manhattan Community College.

Toward Measuring Network Aesthetics Based On Symmetry, Zengqiang Chen, Matthias Dehmer, Frank Emmert-Streib, Abbe Mowshowitz, Yongtang Shi

Publications and Research

In this exploratory paper, we discuss quantitative graph-theoretical measures of network aesthetics. Related work in this area has typically focused on geometrical features (e.g., line crossings or edge bendiness) of drawings or visual representations of graphs which purportedly affect an observer’s perception. Here we take a very different approach, abandoning reliance on geometrical properties, and apply information-theoretic measures to abstract graphs and networks directly (rather than to their visual representaions) as a means of capturing classical appreciation of structural symmetry. Examples are used solely to motivate the approach to measurement, and to elucidate our symmetry-based mathematical theory of network aesthetics.

Comparing Tensorflow Deep Learning Performance Using Cpus, Gpus, Local Pcs And Cloud, John Lawrence, Jonas Malmsten, Andrey Rybka, Daniel A. Sabol, Ken Triplin

Publications and Research

Deep learning is a very computational intensive task. Traditionally GPUs have been used to speed-up computations by several orders of magnitude. TensorFlow is a deep learning framework designed to improve performance further by running on multiple nodes in a distributed system. While TensorFlow has only been available for a little over a year, it has quickly become the most popular open source machine learning project on GitHub. The open source version of TensorFlow was originally only capable of running on a single node while Google’s proprietary version only was capable of leveraging distributed systems. This has now changed. In this …

Concentrations And Size Distributions Of Bacteria-Containing Particles Over Oceans From China To The Arctic Ocean, Ming Li, Xiawei Yu, Hui Kang, Zhouqing Xie, Pengfei Zhang

Publications and Research

During the third China Arctic Research Expedition (July–September 2008), size-resolved measurements of bacteria-containing particles (BCPs) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) air were conducted during a cruise through the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Japan Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Arctic Ocean. The concentrations of total airborne BCPs (TBCPs), non-salt tolerant airborne BCPs (NSBCPs), and salt tolerant airborne BCPs (SBCPs) varied from 29 to 955 CFU m − 3 (CFU = Colony Forming Unit), 16 to 919 CFU m − 3 , and 4 to 276 CFU m − 3 , …

A Global Study Of Gpp Focusing On Light-Use Efficiency In A Random Forest Regression Model, Suhua Wei, Chuixiang Yi, Wei Fang, George Hendrey

Publications and Research

Light-use efficiency (LUE) is at the core of mechanistic modeling of global gross primary production (GPP). However, most LUE estimates in global models are satellite based and coarsely measured with emphasis on environmental variables. Others are from eddy covariance towers with much greater spatial and temporal data quality and emphasis on mechanistic processes, but in a limited number of sites. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive global study of tower-based LUE from 237 FLUXNET towers, and scaled up LUEs from in situ tower level to global biome level. We integrated the tower-based LUE estimates with key environmental and biological …

29si Nmr And Saxs Investigation Of The Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Glasses Obtained By Consolidation Of The Melting Gels, Andrei Jitianu, Sylvian Cadars, Fan Zhang, Gabriela Rodriguez, Quentin Picard, Mario Aparicio, Jadra Mosa, Lisa C. Klein

Publications and Research

This study is focused on structural characterization of hybrid glasses obtained by consolidation of melting gels. The melting gels were prepared in molar ratios of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) of 75%MTES-25%DMDES and 65%MTES-35%DMDES. Following consolidation, the hybrid glasses were characterized using Raman, ²⁹Si and ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, synchrotron Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of Si–C bonds in the hybrid glasses and 8-membered ring structures in the Si–O–Si network. Qualitative NMR spectroscopy identified the main molecular species, while quantitative NMR data showed that the ratio …

Assessment Of Marine Weather Forecasts Over The Indian Sector Of Southern Ocean, Anitha Gera, D K. Mahapatra, Kuldeep Sharma, Satya Prakash, A. K. Mitra, G. R. Iyengar, E. N. Rajagopal, N. Anil Kumar

Publications and Research

The Southern Ocean (SO) is one of the important regions where significant processes and feedbacks of the Earth's climate take place. Expeditions to the SO provide useful data for improving global weather/climate simulations and understanding many processes. Some of the uncertainties in these weather/climate models arise during the first few days of simulation/forecast and do not grow much further. NCMRWF issued real-time five day weather forecasts of mean sea level pressure, surface winds, winds at 500 hPa & 850 hPa and rainfall, daily to NCAOR to provide guidance for their expedition to Indian sector of SO during the austral summer …

Associated Production Of A Top Pair And A Z Boson At The Lhc To Nnll Accuracy, Alessandro Broggio, Andrea Ferroglia, Giovanni Ossola, Ben D. Pecjak, Ray D. Sameshima

Publications and Research

We study the resummation of soft gluon emission corrections to the production of a top-antitop pair in association with a Z boson at the Large Hadron Collider to next-to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. By means of an in-house parton level Monte Carlo code we evaluate the resummation formula for the total cross section and several differential distributions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV, and we match these calculations to next to-leading order results.

Fixation And Redistribution Of Arsenic During Early And Late Diagenesis In The Organic Matter-Rich Members Of The Lockatong Formation, Newark Basin, Usa: Implications For The Quality Of Groundwater, Larbi Rddad

Publications and Research

The Byram and Walls Island members in the lower and upper sections, respectively, of the Lockatong Formation in the Newark basin near the border between Pennsylvania and New Jersey were chosen to assess (i) the role of euxinic/anoxic conditions in sequestering arsenic (As) and other trace elements and (ii) the redistribution of these elements during catagenetic transformations. These members are rich in organic matter and host pyrite which occurs as disseminations, small patches, and subparallel veins. e sulfur isotope values of pyrite samples range between -7.5 and 0.5 ‰CDT (average = -3.5‰CDT). e negative δ34S values are indicative of Bacterial …

Monitoring The Dark Web And Securing Onion Services, John Schriner

Publications and Research

This paper focuses on how researchers monitor the Dark Web. After defining what onion services and Tor are, we discuss tools for monitoring and securing onion services. As Tor Project itself is research-driven, we find that the development and use of these tools help us to project where use of the Dark Web is headed.

Toward The Eco-Narrative: Rethinking The Role Of Conflict In Storytelling, Corinne Donly

Publications and Research

Offered as a response to the increasingly popular call within the eco-humanities for stories that will help humankind adapt to catastrophic planetary conditions, this article proposes “the eco-narrative”—an approach to storytelling that strives to compose with, not for, its nonhuman characters. An extension of eco-critical projects that analyze stories for their depictions of nonhumanity, the theoretical research herein brings ecological analysis of narrative to the level of structure. In particular, it problematizes the dominant plot model of conflict/climax/resolution, suggesting that stories motivated by conflict reinforce dualistic and anthropocentric habits for approaching the animal other. Evaluating two narratives concerning the human …

Cst1101–Problem Solving With Computer Programming, Syllabus, Elena Filatova

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

Thickness-Properties Synergy In Organic–Inorganic Consolidated Melting-Gel Coatings For Protection Of 304 Stainless Steel In Nacl Solutions, Mario Amapricio, Andrei Jitianu, Gabriela Rodriguez, Kutaiba Al-Marzoki, Mihaela Jitianu, Jadra Mosa, Lisa C. Klein

Publications and Research

Homogeneous and crack-free methyl-substituted organic–inorganic hybrid glass coatings (thickness up to 10 μm) were deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel. Different hybrid glasses obtained fromconsolidation of the diluted melting gels with various methyltriethoxysilane (MTES)/dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) ratios were evaluated considering chemical structure, coating adhesion and corrosion protection. The 70MTES/30DMDES (molar%) melting-gel coating provided improved corrosion protection for this steel due to the synergy of different properties: a highly cross-linked inorganic structure, a coating plasticity based on the hybrid network, and a good adhesion to the substrate through hydroxyl groups. Electrochemical results showa good barrier film with a passive range of 500 …

Asymptotics For Primitive Roots Producing Polynomials And Primitive Points On Elliptic Curves, Nelson Carella

Publications and Research

Let $x \geq 1$ be a large number, let $f(n) \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ be a prime producing polynomial of degree $\deg(f)=m$, and let \(u\neq \pm 1,v^2\) be a fixed integer. Assuming the Bateman-Horn conjecture, an asymptotic counting function for the number of primes $p=f(n) \leq x$ with a fixed primitive root $u$ is derived in this note. This asymptotic result has the form $$\pi_f(x)=\# \{ p=f(n)\leq x:\ord_p(u)=p-1 \}=\left (c(u,f)+ O\left (1/\log x )\right ) \right )x^{1/m}/\log x$$, where $c(u,f)$ is a constant depending on the polynomial and the fixed integer. Furthermore, new results for the asymptotic order of elliptic primes with …

Volatility Analysis Of Us Equity And Federal Funds Markets Through The Recent Financial Crisis And Recovery Periods, Based On Release Of Fomc Meeting Statements And Minutes, Hanxiao Yue

Student Theses and Dissertations

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is the principal maker of monetary policy in the United States. The main instrument of monetary policy is the target federal funds rate, which is de facto the base interest rate of the US economy. The FOMC meets around eight times a year to discuss the economic outlook and decide on this metric. Throughout most of its history, the Fed has been opaque about how it decides on monetary policy, but in recent years it has adopted a more transparent disclosure policy. For each FOMC meeting, it currently releases a brief statement immediately after …

Proof Of Concept: Development Of Snow Liquid Water Content Profiler Using Cs650 Reflectometers At Caribou, Me, Usa, Carlos L. Pérez Díaz, Jonathan Muñoz, Tarendra Lakhankar, Reza Khanbilvardi, Peter Romanov

Publications and Research

The quantity of liquid water in the snowpack defines its wetness. The temporal evolution of snow wetness’s plays a significant role in wet-snow avalanche prediction, meltwater release, and water availability estimations and assessments within a river basin. However, it remains a difficult task and a demanding issue to measure the snowpack’s liquid water content (LWC) and its temporal evolution with conventional in situ techniques. We propose an approach based on the use of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) and CS650 soil water content reflectometers to measure the snowpack’s LWC and temperature profiles. For this purpose, we created an easily-applicable, low-cost, automated, and …