Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

(2022 Revision) Chapter 5: Essential Aspects Of Physical Design And Implementation Of Relational Databases, Tatiana Malyuta, Ashwin Satyanarayana

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

(2022 Revision) Chapter 7: Essential Aspects Of Physical Design And Implementation Of Relational Databases, Tatiana Malyuta, Ashwin Satyanarayana

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

The 'Quantal Newtonian' First Law: A Complementary Perspective To The Stationary-State Quantum Theory Of Electrons, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

A complementary perspective to the Göttingen-Copenhagen interpretation of stationary-state quantum theory of electrons in an electromagnetic field is described. The perspective, derived from Schrödinger-Pauli theory, is that of the individual electron via its equation of motion or ‘Quantal Newtonian’ First Law. The Law is in terms of ‘classical’ fields experienced by each electron: the sum of the external and internal fields vanishes. The external field is a sum of the electrostatic and Lorentz fields. The internal field is a sum of fields’ representative of Pauli and Coulomb correlations; kinetic effects; electron density; and internal magnetic component. The energy is obtained …

A Tool-Supported Metamodel For Program Bugfix Analysis In Empirical Software Engineering, Manal Zneit

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis describes a software modeling approach aimed at addressing empirical studies in software engineering. We build a metamodel that provides an overview of the taxonomy of program bugfixes in deep learning programs. For modeling purposes, we present a prototype tool that is an implementation of the model-driven techniques presented.

Quantifying Aboveground Biomass In A Tropical Forest Using A Lidar Waveform Weighted Allometric Model, Alejandro Rojas

Theses and Dissertations

Our knowledge of the distribution and amount of terrestrial above ground biomass (AGB) has increased using lidar technology. Recent advancements in satellite lidar has enabled global mapping of forest biomass and structure. However, there are large biases in satellite lidar estimates which impacts our understanding of carbon dynamics, particularly in tropical forests.

Ni-Meister et al. (2022) developed a lidar full waveform weighted height-based allometric model which produced very good results in temperate deciduous/conifer forest in the continental US. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this biomass model in an African tropical forest using the Land Vegetation and Ice …

Abm Simulation Model Of A Pandemic For Optimizing Vaccination Strategy, Gibeom Park

Theses and Dissertations

This study presents a process-oriented hybrid model for individuals' immune responses and interactions involving vaccination to describe the trend of contagious disease and estimate the future societal cost. The model considers "recovery" as a non-absorbing state and incorporates various infection stage states including two symptomatic states. To model contagiousness to be consistent with the current pandemic and include that the spread of a disease depends on the mobility of people, we developed an Agent-Based Simulator that fitted to the particular model used in this study and can test various what-if scenarios. We improved the simulator considerably by appying data structures …

Arrayed Waveguide Lens For Beam Steering, Mostafa Honari-Latifpour, Ali Binaie, Mohammad Amin Eftekhar, Nicholas Madamopoulos, Mohammad-Ali Miri

Publications and Research

Integrated planar lenses are critical components for analog optical information processing that enable a wide range of applications including beam steering. Conventional planar lenses require gradient index control which makes their on-chip realization challenging. Here, we introduce a new approach for beam steering by designing an array of coupled waveguides with segmented tails that allow for simultaneously achieving planar lensing and off-chip radiation. The proposed arrayed waveguide lens is built on engineering the evanescent coupling between adjacent channels to realize a photonic lattice with an equi-distant ladder of propagation constants that emulates the continuous parabolic index profile. Through coupled-mode analysis …

A Comparison Of Methods Used For The Elimination Of Organics From Soil Prior To Analysis By Ftir-Atr And Sem-Eds, Argeliz Pomales

Student Theses

This project suggests improvements to the treatment methods utilized for the sample preparation and evaluation of minerals in soil samples encountered in forensic science casework and research. The evaluation of pre-treated and post-treated soil samples were performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Because soil samples contain a significant amount of organic matter and water which interfere with examination of these minerals while using these instruments, pretreatment methods are necessary to isolate the mineral fraction for examination and analysis.

Soil samples were first sieved with various size stainless steel mesh …

Code Cyber: A Curated Collection Of Cybersecurity Career Learning And Preparation Resources, Kazi Tasin, Ethan Pruzhansky, Jason Lin, Tanvir Rahman, Patrick J. Slattery

Publications and Research

Since we are living in a digital age, the need to protect ourselves and those who are vulnerable to cyber-attacks is paramount to prevent cyber attacks that steal information such as banking accounts and important sensitive information.

Our research team extensively investigated the five aspects of cybersecurity such as identity, protection, detection, and response. By conducting various interviews with cybersecurity professionals, we gathered information about these five aspects for example security intelligence or security operations and response, (thread hunting, response orchestration) identity access management, (identity management, and data protection), and risks (risk perspective). Our main goal is to look into …

Quertci: A Tool Integrating Github Issue Querying With Comment Classification, Ye Paing, Tatiana Castro Vélez, Raffi T. Khatchadourian

Publications and Research

Empirical Software Engineering (ESE) researchers study (open-source) project issues and the comments and threads within to discover—among others—challenges developers face when incorporating new technologies, platforms, and programming language constructs. However, such threads accumulate, becoming unwieldy and hindering any insight researchers may gain. While existing approaches alleviate this burden by classifying issue thread comments, there is a gap between searching popular open-source software repositories (e.g., those on GitHub) for issues containing particular keywords and feeding the results into a classification model. This paper demonstrates a research infrastructure tool called QuerTCI that bridges this gap by integrating the GitHub issue comment search …

Formal Verification Applications For The Treekem Continuous Group Key Agreement Protocol, Alexander J. Washburn

Theses and Dissertations

The features of Secure Group Messaging, the security guarantees of Message Layer Security, and the TreeKEM protocol designed to satisfy these guarantees and features are explored. A motivation and methodology for verification via explicit model checking is presented. Subsequently, a translation of the TreeKEM protocol into a Promela reference model is described, examining the nuances explicit model checking brings. Finally the results of the formal verification methods are discussed.

Anisotropic Magnetoexcitons In Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Trichalcogenide Semiconductors, Roman Ya. Kezerashvili, Anastasia Spiridonova

Publications and Research

Direct and indirect excitons in Rydberg states in transition metal trichalcogenide (TMTC) monolayers, bilayers, and van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures in an external magnetic field are studied within the framework of the effective mass approximation. Binding energies of magnetoexcitons are calculated using the Rytova-Keldysh potential for direct magnetoexcitons and both the Rytova-Keldysh and Coulomb potentials for indirect magnetoexcitons. We report the magnetic field energy contribution to the binding energies and diamagnetic coefficients for magnetoexcitons that depend strongly on the effective mass anisotropy of electrons and holes. The comparative study of TMTCs and phosphorene is given. In TiS3, TiSe3, and ZrSe3 …

Computer-Aided Response-To-Intervention For Reading Comprehension Based On Recommender System, Ming-Chi Liu, Wei-Yang Lin, Chia-Ling Tsai

Publications and Research

In 2019, New York State Education Department announced 54.6% of all students in grades 3 to 8 not meeting the standard of reading proficiency. Motivated by the need for a more efficient intervention model, we propose a recommender system to leverage the technology in machine learning to recommend suitable reading materials for effective intervention. The recommendation is based on the student's prior reading comprehension assessments and also assessments of other students at the same grade level using collaborative filtering. No other prior academic or demographic information of students is available. Two main challenges are lack of explicit ratings of reading …

Positive Rate-Dependent Action Potential Prolongation By Modulating Potassium Ion Channels, Candido Cabo

Publications and Research

Pharmacological agents that prolong action potential duration (APD) to a larger extent at slow rates than at the fast excitation rates typical of ventricular tachycardia exhibit reverse rate dependence. Reverse rate dependence has been linked to the lack of efficacy of class III agents at preventing arrhythmias because the doses required to have an anti-arrhythmic effect at fast rates may have pro-arrhythmic effects at slow rates due to an excessive APD prolongation. In this report we show that, in computer models of the ventricular action potential, APD prolongation by accelerating phase 2 repolarization (by increasing I_Ks) and decelerating …

Student Self-Grading Form, Brett Whysel

Open Educational Resources

This is a word document that students use at the beginning, midpoint, and end of a semester to set relevant goals, measure progress towards goals, and self-grade. It is intended to build motivation, metacognition, and accountability. Instructors may use it on its own or to supplement other assessment tools, and improve the accuracy, validity, and fairness of final grades.

Magnetic-Field-Dependent Stimulated Emission From Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers In Diamond, Felix A. Hahl, Lukas Lindner, Xavier Vidal, Tingpeng Luo, Takeshi Ohshima, Shinobu Onoda, Shuya Ishii, Alexander M. Zaitsev, Marco Capelli, Brant C. Gibson, Andrew D. Greentree, Jan Jeske

Publications and Research

Negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising magnetic field quantum sensors. Laser threshold magnetometry theory predicts improved NV center ensemble sensitivity via increased signal strength and magnetic field contrast. Here, we experimentally demonstrate laser threshold magnetometry. We use a macroscopic high-finesse laser cavity containing a highly NV-doped and low absorbing diamond gain medium that is pumped at 532 nm and resonantly seeded at 710 nm. This enables a 64% signal power amplification by stimulated emission. We test the magnetic field dependency of the amplification and thus demonstrate magnetic field-dependent stimulated emission from an NV center ensemble. This emission …

Investigation Of The Association Of Exposures To Fire-Related Hazards With Pulmonary Function Of Firefighters, David G. Goldfarb

Dissertations and Theses

Background. Firefighters are habitually exposed to hazardous toxicants which place them at an elevated risk for numerous adverse health outcomes. An example of this is the associations observed in other works between inhalation of combustion byproducts from urban structural fires and both acute and chronic pulmonary dysfunction. To-date, the characterization of firefighters’ exposures to dangerous chemicals in smoke from non-wildfire incidents, both directly through personal monitoring and indirectly from work-related records is scarce. Prior works investigating the association between routine firefighting and pulmonary function have relied on crude metrics such as years of service and numbers of responses to …

Spotlight Report #6: Proffering Machine-Readable Personal Privacy Research Agreements: Pilot Project Findings For Ieee P7012 Wg, Noreen Y. Whysel, Lisa Levasseur

Publications and Research

What if people had the ability to assert their own legally binding permissions for data collection, use, sharing, and retention by the technologies they use? The IEEE P7012 has been working on an interoperability specification for machine-readable personal privacy terms to support this ability since 2018. The premise behind the work of IEEE P7012 is that people need technology that works on their behalf—i.e. software agents that assert the individual’s permissions and preferences in a machine-readable format.

Thanks to a grant from the IEEE Technical Activities Board Committee on Standards (TAB CoS), we were able to explore the attitudes of …

Phase Transitions, Critical Phenomena, And Correlation Functions In The 2d Ising Model And Its Applications To Quantum Dynamics: A Tensor Network Approach, Sankhya Basu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis explores several aspects of the 2D Ising Model at both real and complex temperatures utilizing tensor network algorithms. We briefly discuss the importance of tensor networks in the context of forming efficient representations of wavefunctions and partition functions for quantum and classical many-body systems respectively, followed by a brief review of the tensor network renormalization algorithms to compute the one point and two point correlation functions. We use the Tensor Renormalization Group (TRG) to study critical phenomena and examine feasibility of accurate estimations of universal critical data for three critical points for three critical points in two dimensions …

A Comparison Of Machine Learning Techniques For Validating Students’ Proficiency In Mathematics, Alexander Avdeev

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

A principal goal of this project was to compare several machine learning (ML) algorithms to explore and validate math proficiency classifications based on standardized test scores. The data used in these analyses came from the 6th-grade students’ mathematics assessment records of the New York State Education Department’s Testing Program (NYSTP). Our approach was to test a number of competing machine learning (ML) algorithms for classifying students’ as proficient based on their test scores and other demographic information. Our samples were drawn from the 2016 test-taking cohort of 6th-grade students (N=156,800). Five classifiers including multinominal logistic regression (MLR), XGBoost, Tree-As, Lagrangian …

Investigating The Mechanisms Driving Mercury Reduction And Emissions In Soil, Hamil Patel

Student Theses

The water-induced emission of mercury from soil has been studied, but a complete understanding of the mechanisms driving mercury reduction and emission in soil has not been reached. The current understanding is an immediate expulsion of soil gaseous mercury upon water treatment and an upward transport of dissolved soil ionic mercury as the water evaporates. We analyzed emissions from several types of samples using various methods to further our understanding on the mechanisms involved. Light-induced emissions from aqueous samples of humic acid (HA) spiked with mercury (II) chloride (HgCl₂) showed that at higher concentrations of HA, less mercury …

Exploring The Effectiveness Of Multiple-Exemplar Training For Visual Analysis Of Ab-Design Graphs, Verena S. Bethke

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In behavior analysis, data are usually analyzed using visual analysis of the graphed data. There are a wide range of methods used to visually analyze data, from a basic ‘textbook’ style approach to the use of visual aids, decision-rubrics, and computer-based approaches. In the literature, there have been some comparisons of the efficacy of different approaches. Visual analysis as a behavior can be taught using a variety of methods, independent of how the skill itself is to be performed. Teaching methods include lecture, online instruction, and equivalence-based instruction. There is not much research on the teaching of visual analysis specifically, …

Optical Studies Of Wide Bandgap Photonic Materials, Nikesh Maharjan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In this dissertation work, optical properties of wide bandgap materials such as hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) have been studied. Deep UV photoluminescence spectroscopy was employed to study the optical properties of bulk h-BN and powder crystals using a laser of wavelength 200 nm, which is the fourth harmonic of Ti:Sapphire laser as excitation source. The properties and chemical compositions of annealed and unannealed bulk h-BN were investigated. The PL spectra from h-BN samples annealed at 900 ºC in ambient air, had strong phonon assisted band edge emissions along with a sharp atomic-like emission line at 4.09 …

Weakly-Supervised Tumor Purity Prediction From Frozen H&E Stained Slides, Matthew Brendel, Vanesa Getseva, Majd Al Assaad, Michael Sigouros, Alexandros Sigaras, Troy Kane, Pegah Khosravi, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Olivier Elemento, Iman Hajirasouliha

Publications and Research

Background

Estimating tumor purity is especially important in the age of precision medicine. Purity estimates have been shown to be critical for correction of tumor sequencing results, and higher purity samples allow for more accurate interpretations from next-generation sequencing results. Molecular-based purity estimates using computational approaches require sequencing of tumors, which is both time-consuming and expensive.

Methods

Here we propose an approach, weakly-supervised purity (wsPurity), which can accurately quantify tumor purity within a digitally captured hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histological slide, using several types of cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as a proof-of-concept.

Findings

Our model predicts …

Heating Fire Incidents In New York City, Merissa K. Lissade

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

If you have ever had the Citizen app downloaded on your smart phone, then you know how many alerts you receive in a day living in New York City (NYC). Citizen is a mobile app that sends real-time safety alerts based on the location of its user. In my experience having the app, I have seen many notifications of fires caused by heaters during the winter. On the morning of January 9^th, 2022, I received a notification of an accidental blaze that took the lives of 17 people from the choking smoke of a 19-story residential building in …

Understanding Coastal And Inland Hydrometeorological Hazards Produced By Extratropical And Tropical Cyclones Along The East Coast Of The United States, Katherine Towey

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

As global temperatures continue to rise, the effects of anthropogenic climate change will impact the magnitude and frequency of pluvial, fluvial, and coastal flooding events. If we want to accurately predict changes in these flooding events, we need to fully understand them in the current climate. As such, this research examines the relationship between hydrometeorological hazards and the characteristics of the storm types, such as extratropical cyclones (ETCs) and tropical cyclones (TCs), that produce such hazards. Through the use of observational and reanalysis data, the work herein utilizes a cyclone-hazard association algorithm and extreme value analysis to assess the extent, …

Collective Behavior Of Dissipatively-Coupled Photonic Oscillator Networks, Jiajie Ding

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis discusses the collective behavior of networks formed by photonic oscillators. The key motivations for doing this research are the interest in developing high power laser arrays on photonic chips and performing optical computing.

Symmetries, Zero Modes And Light Transport In Non-Hermitian Photonics, Jose David Hernandez Rivero

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

We approach some fundamental aspects of photonic dissipative systems treated by a non-Hermitian theory. Inspired by the possibilities provided by some major non-Hermitian symmetries, we study systematically the properties of the novel pseudochirality, pseudo-anti-Hermiticity, and supersymmetry. We analyze other aspect of photonics, the zero mode, which has a profound connection to non-Hermitian physics. We propose a scheme to realize a zero mode that exists even in the absence of symmetries. Finally, we approach light transport in non-Hermitian photonic systems, where the introduction of gain and loss can modify drastically the propagation speed of wavepackets.

The Application Of Electron Backscatter Diffraction To The Forensic Analysis Of Minerals, Tiffany J. Millett

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Electron Backscatter Diffraction has been largely used in the metallurgic and material sciences and until now, has found few applications in the forensic sciences. One of the few utilizations of this technique in forensic science is in firearm serial number restoration as a complementary technique to the time-consuming and tedious chemical etching methods. This research aims to expand the uses of Electron Backscatter Diffraction in the forensic sciences as it applies to other types of samples, specifically as it pertains to forensic mineral analysis.

Electron Backscatter Diffraction offers the analyst information regarding crystal structure of a material, so long as …

Why, New York City? Gauging The Quality Of Life Through The Thoughts Of Tweeters, Sheryl Williams

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

As a resource for social data, Twitter’s platform has been used to measure the quality of life through sentiment analysis. This capstone project explores another methodological technique—querying Twitter data around specific keyword terms to determine dominant topics, word patterns, and sentiment leanings in a geographical area. Focusing on New York City and Los Angeles for comparative analysis, the keyword term “why” will be used to build a Python analysis around topic modeling and sentiment analysis. Using this approach, the analysis reveals social and cultural differences, the overall sentiment of tweets, and subjects of interest to tweeters.

GitHub Repository for all …