Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts During The First Advanced Ligo Observing Run And Implications For The Origin Of Grb 150906b, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present the results of the search for gravitational waves (GWs) associated with γ-ray bursts detected during the first observing run of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). We find no evidence of a GW signal for any of the 41 γ-ray bursts for which LIGO data are available with sufficient duration. For all γ-ray bursts, we place lower bounds on the distance to the source using the optimistic assumption that GWs with an energy of were emitted within the-Hz band, and we find a median 90% confidence limit of 71 Mpc at 150 Hz. For the subset of …

A Deep Learning Framework For Automated Vesicle Fusion Detection, Haohan Li, Zhaozheng Yin, Yingke Xu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Quantitative analysis of vesicle-plasma membrane fusion events in the fluorescence microscopy, has been proven to be important in the vesicle exocytosis study. In this paper, we present a framework to automatically detect fusion events. First, an iterative searching algorithm is developed to extract image patch sequences containing potential events. Then, we propose an event image to integrate the critical image patches of a candidate event into a single-image joint representation as the input to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). According to the duration of candidate events, we design three CNN architectures to automatically learn features for the fusion event classification. Compared …

Stability And Dynamics Of Dark-Bright Soliton Bound States Away From The Integrable Limit, Garyfallia C. Katsimiga, Jan Stockhofe, Panagiotis G. Kevrekidis, Peter Schmelcher

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The existence, stability, and dynamics of bound pairs of symbiotic matter waves in the form of dark-bright soliton pairs in two-component mixtures of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates is investigated. Motivated by the tunability of the atomic interactions in recent experiments, we explore in detail the impact that changes in the interaction strengths have on these bound pairs by considering significant deviations from the integrable limit. It is found that dark-bright soliton pairs exist as stable configurations in a wide parametric window spanning both the miscible and the immiscible regime of interactions. Outside this parameter interval, two unstable regions are identified and …

Stationary Acceleration Of Frenet Curves, Nemat Abazari, Martin Bohner, Ilgin Sager, Yusuf Yayli

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, the stationary acceleration of the spherical general helix in a 3-dimensional Lie group is studied by using a bi-invariant metric. The relationship between the Frenet elements of the stationary acceleration curve in 4-dimensional Euclidean space and the intrinsic Frenet elements of the Lie group is outlined. As a consequence, the corresponding curvature and torsion of these curves are computed. In Minkowski space, for the curves on a timelike surface to have a stationary acceleration, a necessary and sufficient condition is refined.

First Search For Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars With Advanced Ligo, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present the result of searches for gravitational waves from 200 pulsars using data from the first observing run of the Advanced LIGO detectors. We find no significant evidence for a gravitational-wave signal from any of these pulsars, but we are able to set the most constraining upper limits yet on their gravitational-wave amplitudes and ellipticities. For eight of these pulsars, our upper limits give bounds that are improvements over the indirect spin-down limit values. For another 32, we are within a factor of 10 of the spin-down limit, and it is likely that some of these will be reachable …

Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Neutron Stars In Globular Cluster Ngc 6544, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We describe a directed search for continuous gravitational waves in data from the sixth initial LIGO science run. The target was the nearby globular cluster NGC 6544 at a distance of ≈2.7 kpc. The search covered a broad band of frequencies along with first and second frequency derivatives for a fixed sky position. The search coherently integrated data from the two LIGO interferometers over a time span of 9.2 days using the matched-filtering F-statistic. We found no gravitational-wave signals and set 95% confidence upper limits as stringent as 6.0 x 10^-25 on intrinsic strain and 8.5 x 10 …

Field-Scale Observations Of A Transient Geobattery Resulting From Natural Attenuation Of A Crude Oil Spill, Jeffrey W. Heenan, Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis, Lee D. Slater, Carol L. Beaver, Silvia Rossbach, Andre Revil, Estella A. Atekwana, Barbara A. Bekins

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present evidence of a geobattery associated with microbial degradation of a mature crude oil spill. Self-potential measurements were collected using a vertical array of nonpolarizing electrodes, starting at the land surface and passing through the smear zone where seasonal water table fluctuations have resulted in the coating of hydrocarbons on the aquifer solids. These passive electrical potential measurements exhibit a dipolar pattern associated with a current source. The anodic and cathodic reactions of this natural battery occur below and above the smear zone, respectively. The smear zone is characterized by high magnetic susceptibility values associated with the precipitation of …

Prevention And Reversal Of Selenite-Induced Cataracts By N-Acetylcysteine Amide In Wistar Rats, Yasaswi Maddirala, Shakila Tobwala, Humeyra Karacal, Nuran Ercal

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) eye drops in reversing the cataract formation induced by sodium selenite in male Wistar rat pups.

Methods: Forty male Wistar rat pups were randomly divided into a control group, an N-acetylcysteine amide-only group, a sodium selenite-induced cataract group, and a NACA-treated sodium selenite-induced cataract group. Sodium selenite was injected intraperitoneally on postpartum day 10, whereas N-acetylcysteine amide was injected intraperitoneally on postpartum days 9, 11, and 13 in the respective groups. Cataracts were evaluated at the end of week 2 (postpartum day 14) when the rat pups …

Inelastic Rate Coefficients For Collisions Of C₆Hˉ With H₂ And He, Kyle M. Walker, François Lique, Fabien Dumouchel, Richard Dawes

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The recent detection of anions in the interstellar medium has shown that they exist in a variety of astrophysical environments -- circumstellar envelopes, cold dense molecular clouds and star-forming regions. Both radiative and collisional processes contribute to molecular excitation and de-excitation in these regions so that the ‘local thermodynamic equilibrium’ approximation, where collisions cause the gas to behave thermally, is not generally valid. Therefore, along with radiative coefficients, collisional excitation rate coefficients are needed to accurately model the anionic emission from these environments. We focus on the calculation of state-to-state rate coefficients of the C₆H^- molecule in …

Itô'S Formula, The Stochastic Exponential, And Change Of Measure On General Time Scales, Wenqing Hu

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We provide an Itô formula for stochastic dynamical equation on general time scales. Based on this Itô's formula we give a closed-form expression for stochastic exponential on general time scales. We then demonstrate Girsanov's change of measure formula in the case of general time scales. Our result is being applied to a Brownian motion on the quantum time scale (𝑞-time scale).

Long-Range Tails In Van Der Waals Interactions Of Excited-State And Ground-State Atoms, Ulrich D. Jentschura, V. Debierre

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A quantum electrodynamic calculation of the interaction of an excited-state atom with a ground-state atom is performed. For an excited reference state and a lower-lying virtual state, the contribution to the interaction energy naturally splits into a pole term and a Wick-rotated term. The pole term is shown to dominate in the long-range limit, altering the functional form of the interaction from the retarded 1/R⁷ Casimir-Polder form to a long-range tail - provided by the Wick-rotated term - proportional to cos[2(E_m - E_n)R/(ħc)]/R², where E_m < E_n is the energy of a virtual state, …

Multifunctional Porous Aramids (Aerogels), Fabrication Thereof, And Catalytic Compositions Derived Therefrom, Nicholas Leventis, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis, Malik Adnan Saeed

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The present disclosure provides a series of new and improved porous polyamide aerogels derived from multifunctional aromatics that combine the high mechanical strength of aramids with the pore structure of aerogels. The polyamide aerogels have a hyperbranched structure, relatively low density, high porosity and may be derived from functionalized monomers having more aromatic groups than functional groups. The present disclosure also provides a new method for producing the porous polyamide aerogels by polymerizing an aromatic multifunctional carboxylic acid or a ferrocene multifunctional carboxylic acid with a polyfunctional aromatic isocyanate at moderate reaction conditions followed by drying with liquid CO2. Also …

Directional Limits On Persistent Gravitational Waves From Advanced Ligos First Observing Run, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We employ gravitational-wave radiometry to map the stochastic gravitational wave background expected from a variety of contributing mechanisms and test the assumption of isotropy using data from the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory's (aLIGO) first observing run. We also search for persistent gravitational waves from point sources with only minimal assumptions over the 20-1726 Hz frequency band. Finding no evidence of gravitational waves from either point sources or a stochastic background, we set limits at 90% confidence. For broadband point sources, we report upper limits on the gravitational wave energy flux per unit frequency in the range F_{αΘ …}

Upper Limits On The Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo's First Observing Run, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A wide variety of astrophysical and cosmological sources are expected to contribute to a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Following the observations of GW150914 and GW151226, the rate and mass of coalescing binary black holes appear to be greater than many previous expectations. As a result, the stochastic background from unresolved compact binary coalescences is expected to be particularly loud. We perform a search for the isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background using data from Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory's (aLIGO) first observing run. The data display no evidence of a stochastic gravitational-wave signal. We constrain the dimensionless energy density of gravitational waves …

Virtual Resonant Emission And Oscillatory Long-Range Tails In Van Der Waals Interactions Of Excited States: Qedtreatment And Applications, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Chandra Mani Adhikari, Vincent Debierre

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We report on a quantum electrodynamic (QED) investigation of the interaction between a ground state atom with another atom in an excited state. General expressions, applicable to any atom, are indicated for the long-range tails that are due to virtual resonant emission and absorption into and from vacuum modes whose frequency equals the transition frequency to available lower-lying atomic states. For identical atoms, one of which is in an excited state, we also discuss the mixing term that depends on the symmetry of the two-atom wave function (these evolve into either the gerade or the ungerade state for close approach), …

Salt Dissolution And Surface Subsidence In Central Kansas: A Seismic Investigation Of The Anthropogenic And Natural Origin Models, Neil Lennart Anderson, Alex A. Martinez, John F. Hopkins, Timothy R. Carr

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Gradual subsidence in the Punkin Center study area, northeast Reno County, Kansas, has resulted in ponding of surface waters, abandonment of at least one oil well, and damage to county roads. Because the Punkin Center area is within the Burrton oil field and is underlain by the Hutchinson Salt Member, surface subsidence historically has been attributed to salt dissolution of anthropogenic origin. Subsidence that occurred significant distances from any known well sites has been attributed to unrecorded abandoned wells or complex asymmetric patterns of salt dissolution that originated at a drillhole.

To ascertain the validity of the widely accepted anthropogenic …

Seismic Azimuthal Anisotropy Beneath The Eastern United States And Its Geodynamic Implications, Bin B. Yang, Yunhua Liu, Haider Dahm, Kelly H. Liu, Stephen S. Gao

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Systematic spatial variations of anisotropic characteristics are revealed beneath the eastern U.S. using seismic data recorded between 1988 and 2016 by 785 stations. The resulting fast polarization orientations of the 5613 measurements are generally subparallel to the absolute plate motion (APM) and are inconsistent with the strike of major tectonic features. This inconsistency, together with the results of depth estimation using the spatial coherency of the splitting parameters, suggests a mostly asthenospheric origin of the observed azimuthal anisotropy. The observations can be explained by a combined effect of APM-induced mantle fabric and a flow system deflected horizontally around the edges …

Estimating The Permanent Loss Of Groundwater Storage In The Southern San Joaquin Valley, California, Ryan G. Smith, Rosemary Knight, J. Chen, J. A. Reeves, H. A. Zebker, T. Farr, Z. Liu

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the San Joaquin Valley, California, recent droughts starting in 2007 have increased the pumping of groundwater, leading to widespread subsidence. In the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley, vertical subsidence as high as 85 cm has been observed between June 2007 and December 2010 using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). This study seeks to map regions where inelastic (not recoverable) deformation occurred during the study period, resulting in permanent compaction and loss of groundwater storage. We estimated the amount of permanent compaction by incorporating multiple data sets: the total deformation derived from InSAR, estimated skeletal-specific storage and hydraulic …

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons With Aliphatic Sidegroups: Intensity Scaling For The C-H Stretching Modes And Astrophysical Implications, Xuejuan Yang, Aigen Li, Rainer Glaser, Jianxin Zhong

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The so-called unidentified infrared emission (UIE) features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 μm ubiquitously seen in a wide variety of astrophysical regions are generally attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. Astronomical PAHs may have an aliphatic component, as revealed by the detection in many UIE sources of the aliphatic C-H stretching feature at 3.4 mm. The ratio of the observed intensity of the 3.4 mm feature to that of the 3.3 μm aromatic C-H feature allows one to estimate the aliphatic fraction of the UIE carriers. This requires knowledge of the intrinsic oscillator strengths of the 3.3 …

Retrieval Of Target Structure Information From Laser-Induced Photoelectrons By Few-Cycle Bicircular Laser Fields, Van-Hung Hoang, Van-Hoang Le, C. D. Lin, Anh-Thu Le

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

By analyzing theoretical results from a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for atoms in few-cycle bicircular laser pulses, we show that high-energy photoelectron momentum spectra can be used to extract accurate elastic scattering differential cross sections of the target ion with free electrons. We find that the retrieval range for a scattering angle with bicircular pulses is wider than with linearly polarized pulses, although the retrieval method has to be modified to account for different returning directions of the electron in the continuum. This result can be used to extend the range of applicability of ultrafast imaging techniques …

Calibration Of The Advanced Ligo Detectors For The Discovery Of The Binary Black-Hole Merger Gw150914, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In Advanced LIGO, detection and astrophysical source parameter estimation of the binary black hole merger GW150914 requires a calibrated estimate of the gravitational-wave strain sensed by the detectors. Producing an estimate from each detector's differential arm length control loop readout signals requires applying time domain filters, which are designed from a frequency domain model of the detector's gravitational-wave response. The gravitational-wave response model is determined by the detector's opto-mechanical response and the properties of its feedback control system. The measurements used to validate the model and characterize its uncertainty are derived primarily from a dedicated photon radiation pressure actuator, with …

Hadoop-Based Replica Exchange Over Heterogeneous Distributed Cyberinfrastructures, Richard Platania, Shayan Shams, Chui Hui Chiu, Nayong Kim, Joohyun Kim, Seung Jong Park

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present Hadoop-based replica exchange (HaRE), a Hadoop-based implementation of the replica exchange scheme developed primarily for replica exchange statistical temperature molecular dynamics, an example of a large-scale, advanced sampling molecular dynamics simulation. By using Hadoop as a framework and the MapReduce model for driving replica exchange, an efficient task-level parallelism is introduced to replica exchange statistical temperature molecular dynamics simulations. In order to demonstrate this, we investigate the performance of our application over various distributed cyberinfrastructures (DCI), including several high-performance computing systems, our cyberinfrastructure for reconfigurable optical networks testbed, the global environment for network innovations testbed, and the CloudLab …

All-Sky Search For Short Gravitational-Wave Bursts In The First Advanced Ligo Run, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present the results from an all-sky search for short-duration gravitational waves in the data of the first run of the Advanced LIGO detectors between September 2015 and January 2016. The search algorithms use minimal assumptions on the signal morphology, so they are sensitive to a wide range of sources emitting gravitational waves. The analyses target transient signals with duration ranging from milliseconds to seconds over the frequency band of 32 to 4096 Hz. The first observed gravitational-wave event, GW150914, has been detected with high confidence in this search; the other known gravitational-wave event, GW151226, falls below the search's sensitivity. …

Long-Range Interactions Of Hydrogen Atoms In Excited States. Ii. Hyperfine-Resolved 2s-2s Systems, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Vincent Debierre, Chandra Mani Adhikari, Arthur N. Matveev, Nikolai N. Kolachevsky

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The interaction of two excited hydrogen atoms in metastable states constitutes a theoretically interesting problem because of the quasidegenerate 2P_1/2 levels that are removed from the 2S states only by the Lamb shift. The total Hamiltonian of the system is composed of the van der Waals Hamiltonian, the Lamb shift, and the hyperfine effects. The van der Waals shift becomes commensurate with the 2S-2P_3/2 fine-structure splitting only for close approach (R < 100a₀, where a₀ is the Bohr radius) and one may thus restrict the discussion to the levels with n = 2 and J = 1/2 …

Ionization Study Of Isomeric Molecules In Strong-Field Laser Pulses, Stefan Zigo, Anh-Thu Le, Pratap Timilsina, Carlos A. Trallero-Herrero

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Through the use of the technique of time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, we obtain strong-field ionization yields for randomly oriented 1,2-dichloroethylene (1,2-DCE) (C₂H₂Cl₂) and 2-butene (C₄H₈). We are interested in studying the effect of conformal structure in strong-field ionization and, in particular, the role of molecular polarity. That is, we can perform strong-field ionization studies in polar vs non-polar molecules that have the same chemical composition. We report our findings through the ionization yields and the ratio (trans/cis) of each stereoisomer pair as a function of intensity.

Monte Carlo Simulations Of The Disordered Three-Color Quantum Ashkin-Teller Chain, Ahmed K. Ibrahim, Thomas Vojta

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We investigate the zero-temperature quantum phase transitions of the disordered three-color quantum Ashkin-Teller spin chain by means of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the first-order phase transitions of the clean system are rounded by the quenched disorder. For weak intercolor coupling, the resulting emergent quantum critical point between the paramagnetic phase and the magnetically ordered Baxter phase is of infinite-randomness type and belongs to the universality class of the random transverse-field Ising model, as predicted by recent strong-disorder renormalization group calculations. We also find evidence for unconventional critical behavior in the case of strong intercolor coupling, even though …

Influence Of Permanent Dipole And Dynamic Core-Electron Polarization On Tunneling Ionization Of Polar Molecules, Van-Hung Hoang, Song-Feng Zhao, Van-Hoang Le, Anh-Thu Le

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present a detailed theoretical investigation on strong-field ionization of polar (CO and NO) as well as nonpolar molecules (N₂, O₂, and CO₂). Our results indicate that accounting for the Stark correction in the molecular tunneling ionization theory leads to overall fairly good agreements with numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Furthermore, we show that the effect of dynamic core-electron polarization, in general, has a weak influence on the angle-dependent ionization probability. However, in the case of CO we confirm the recent finding by B. Zhang, J. Yuan, and Z. Zhao [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 163001 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.111.163001] that accounting …

Long-Range Interactions Of Hydrogen Atoms In Excited States. I. 2s-1s Interactions And Dirac-Δ Perturbations, Chandra Mani Adhikari, Vincent Debierre, Arthur N. Matveev, Nikolai N. Kolachevsky, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The theory of the long-range interaction of metastable excited atomic states with ground-state atoms is analyzed. We show that the long-range interaction is essentially modified when quasidegenerate states are available for virtual transitions. A discrepancy in the literature regarding the van der Waals coefficient C₆ (2S ;1 S ) describing the interaction of metastable atomic hydrogen ( 2 S state) with a ground-state hydrogen atom is resolved. In the the van der Waals range a₀ ≪ R ≪ a₀ / α , where a₀ = ℏ / α m c is the Bohr radius and α …

Electron-Impact Ionization Of H₂O At Low Projectile Energy: Internormalized Triple-Differential Cross Sections In Three-Dimensional Kinematics, Xueguang Ren, Sadek Amami, Khokon Hossen, Esam Ali, Chuangang Ning, James Colgan, Don H. Madison, Andrew Dorn

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of the electron-impact ionization of water (H₂O) at the relatively low incident energy of E₀=81eV in which either the 1b₁ or 3a₁ orbitals are ionized leading to the stable H₂O cation. The experimental data were measured by using a reaction microscope, which can cover nearly the entire 4π solid angle for the secondary electron emission over a range of ejection energies. We present experimental data for the scattering angles of 6⁰ and 10⁰ for the faster of the two outgoing electrons as a function …

Mode Coupling Of Interaction Quenched Ultracold Few-Boson Ensembles In Periodically Driven Lattices, Simeon I. Mistakidis, P. Schmelcher

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Out-Of-Equilibrium Dynamics Of Interaction Quenched Finite Ultracold Bosonic Ensembles In Periodically Driven One-Dimensional Optical Lattices Is Investigated. It Is Shown That Periodic Driving Enforces The Bosons In The Outer Wells Of The Finite Lattice To Exhibit Out-Of-Phase Dipolelike Modes, While In The Central Well The Atomic Cloud Experiences A Local Breathing Mode. The Dynamical Behavior Is Investigated With Varying Driving Frequencies, Revealing Resonantlike Behavior Of The Intrawell Dynamics. An Interaction Quench In The Periodically Driven Lattice Gives Rise To Admixtures Of Different Excitations In The Outer Wells, Enhanced Breathing In The Center, And Amplification Of The Tunneling Dynamics. We …