Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Energy-Dependent Π⁺Π⁺Π⁺ Scattering Amplitude From Qcd, Maxwell T. Hansen, Raúl A. Briceño, Robert G. Edwards, Christopher E. Thomas, David J. Wilson

Physics Faculty Publications

Focusing on three-pion states with maximal isospin π⁺π⁺π⁺, we present the first nonperturbative determination of an energy-dependent three-hadron scattering amplitude from first-principles QCD. The calculation combines finite-volume three-hadron energies, extracted using numerical lattice QCD, with a relativistic finite-volume formalism, required to interpret the results. To fully implement the latter, we also solve integral equations that relate an intermediate three-body K matrix to the physical three-hadron scattering amplitude. The resulting amplitude shows rich analytic structure and a complicated dependence on the two-pion invariant masses, represented here via Dalitz-like plots of the scattering rate.

Fermi Questions, Question 1: Light Bulb Photons; Question 2: Light Bulbs, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Random Pinning On Nonlinear Dynamics And Dissipation Of A Vortex Driven By A Strong Microwave Current, W.P.M.R. Pathirana, Alex Gurevich

Physics Faculty Publications

We report numerical simulations of a trapped elastic vortex driven by a strong ac magnetic field H(t)=Hsinωt parallel to the surface of a superconducting film. The surface resistance and the power dissipated by an oscillating vortex perpendicular to the film surface were calculated as functions of H and ω for different spatial distributions, densities, and strengths of pinning centers, including bulk pinning, surface pinning, and cluster pinning. Our simulations were performed for both the Bardeen-Stephen viscous vortex drag and the Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) drag coefficient η(v) decreasing with the vortex velocity v. The local residual surface resistance R_i(H) …

Consistency Checks For Two-Body Finite-Volume Matrix Elements: Conserved Currents And Bound States, Raúl A. Briceño, Christopher J. Monahan

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a model-independent framework to determine finite-volume corrections of matrix elements of spatially separated current-current operators. We define these matrix elements in terms of Compton-like amplitudes, i.e., amplitudes coupling single-particle states via two current insertions. We show that the infrared behavior of these matrix elements is dominated by the single-particle pole, which is approximated by the elastic form factors of the lowest-lying hadron. Therefore, given lattice data on the relevant elastic form factors, the finite-volume effects can be estimated nonperturbatively and without recourse to effective field theories. For illustration purposes, we investigate the implications of the proposed formalism for …

Intense Monochromatic Photons Above 100 Kev From An Inverse Compton Source, Kirsten Deitrick, Georg H. Hoffstaetter, Carl Franck, Bruno D. Muratori, Peter H. Williams, Geoffrey A, Krafft, Balša Terzić, Joe Crone, Hywel Owen

Physics Faculty Publications

Quasimonochromatic x rays are difficult to produce above 100 keV, but have a number of uses in x-ray and nuclear science, particularly in the analysis of transuranic species. Inverse Compton scattering (ICS) is capable of fulfilling this need, producing photon beams with properties and energies well beyond the limits of typical synchrotron radiation facilities. We present the design and predicted output of such an ICS source at CBETA, a multiturn energy-recovery linac with a top energy of 150 MeV, which we anticipate producing x rays with energies above 400 keV and a collimated flux greater than 108 photons per second …

First Demonstration Of The Use Of Crab Cavities On Hadron Beams, R. Calaga, A. Alekou, F. Antoniou, R. B. Appleby, L. Arnaudon, K. Artoos, G. Arduini, V. Baglin, S. Barriere, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, I. Ben-Zvi, T. Bohl, A. Boucherie, O. S. Brüning, K. Brondzinski, A. Butterworth, G. Burt, O. Capatina, S. Calvo, T. Capelli, M. Carlà, F. Carra, L. R. Carver, A. Castilla-Loeza, E. Daly, L. Dassa, J. Delayen, S. U. De Silva, A. Dexter, M. Garlasche, F. Gerigk, L. Giordanino, D. Glenat, M. Guinchard, A. Harrison, E. Jensen, C. Julie, T. Jones, F. Killing, A. Krawczyk, T. Levens, R. Leuxe, B. Lindstrom, Z. Li, A. Macewen, A. Macpherson, P. Menendez, T. Mikkola, P. Minginette, J. Mitchell, E. Montesinos, G. Papotti, H. Park, C. Pasquino, S. Pattalwar, E. C. Pleite, T. Powers, B. Prochal, A. Ratti, L. Rossi, V. Rude, M. Therasse, R. Tomás, N. Stapely, I. Santillana, N. Shipman, J. Simonin, M. Sosin, J. Swieszek, N. Templeton, G. Vandoni, S. Verdú-Andrés, M. Wartak, C. Welsch, D. Wollman, Q. Wu, B. Xiao, E. Yamakawa, C. Zanoni, F. Zimmermann, A. Zwozniak

Physics Faculty Publications

Many future particle colliders require beam crabbing to recover geometric luminosity loss from the nonzero crossing angle at the interaction point (IP). A first demonstration experiment of crabbing with hadron beams was successfully carried out with high energy protons. This breakthrough result is fundamental to achieve the physics goals of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider (FCC). The expected peak luminosity gain (related to collision rate) is 65% for HL-LHC and even greater for the FCC. Novel beam physics experiments with proton beams in CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) were performed to demonstrate several critical aspects …

Observation Of Beam Spin Asymmetries In The Process Ep → E'Π⁺Π⁻ X With Clas 12, T. B. Hayward, C. Dilks, A. Vossen, Dilini Bulumulla, Mohammad Hattawy, Florian Hauenstein, Mariana Khachatryan, Sebastian E. Kuhn, Yelena Prok, B. Yale, N. Zachariou, J. Zhang, Et Al., Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

The observation of beam spin asymmetries in two-pion production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off an unpolarized proton target is reported. The data presented here were taken in the fall of 2018 with the CLAS12 spectrometer using a 10.6 GeV longitudinally spin-polarized electron beam delivered by CEBAF at JLab. The measured asymmetries provide the first opportunity to extract the parton distribution function e(x), which provides information about the interaction between gluons and quarks, in a collinear framework that offers cleaner access than previous measurements. The asymmetries also constitute the first ever signal sensitive to the helicity-dependent two-pion fragmentation function …

Simultaneous Monte Carlo Analysis Of Parton Densities And Fragmentation Functions, Eric Moffat, W. Melnitchouk, Ted C. Rogers, N. Sato, Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We perform a comprehensive new Monte Carlo analysis of high-energy lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron scattering data to simultaneously determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton and parton to hadron fragmentation functions (FFs). The analysis includes all available semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and single-inclusive e⁺e⁻ annihilation data for pions, kaons and unidentified charged hadrons, which allows the flavor dependence of the fragmentation functions to be constrained. Employing a new multistep fitting strategy and more flexible parametrizations for both PDFs and FFs, we assess the impact of different datasets on sea quark densities and confirm the previously observed suppression …

One-Loop Structure Of Parton Distribution For The Gluon Condensate And "Zero Modes", Anatoly Radyushkin, Shuai Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We present results for one-loop corrections to the recently introduced “gluon condensate” PDF F(x). In particular, we give expression for the gg-part of its evolution kernel. To enforce strict compliance with the gauge invariance requirements, we have used on-shell states for external gluons, and have obtained identical results both in Feynman and light-cone gauges. No “zero mode” δ(x) terms were found for the twist-4 gluon PDF F(x). However a q²δ(x) term was found for the ξ = 0 GPD F(x, q²) at nonzero momentum transfer q. Overall, our results do not agree with the original attempt …

Towards High-Precision Parton Distributions From Lattice Qcd Via Distillation, Colin Egerer, Robert G. Edwards, Christos Kallidonis, Kostas Orginos, Anatoly V. Radyushkin, David G. Richards, Eloy Romero, Savvas Zafeiropoulos, On Behalf Of The Hadstruc Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We apply the Distillation spatial smearing program to the extraction of the unpolarized isovector valence PDF of the nucleon. The improved volume sampling and control of excited-states afforded by distillation leads to a dramatically improved determination of the requisite Ioffe-time Pseudo-distribution (pITD). The impact of higher-twist effects is subsequently explored by extending the Wilson line length present in our non-local operators to one half the spatial extent of the lattice ensemble considered. The valence PDF is extracted by analyzing both the matched Ioffe-time Distribution (ITD), as well as a direct matching of the pITD to the PDF. Through development of …

Evidence Of Increased Radio-Frequency Losses In Cavities From The Fundamental Power Coupler Cold Window, Frank Marhauser, Gianluigi Ciovati

Physics Faculty Publications

High radio-frequency (rf) losses measured for cavities in original Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) cryomodules, compared to the losses measured in single-cavity tests, have been a long-standing issue related to their performance. We summarize experimental evidence of increased rf losses in CEBAF cavities arising from the fundamental power coupler cold window and waveguide, respectively. Cryogenic rf tests were done on cavities tested in vertical cryostats as well as inside cryomodules in the accelerator tunnel. The cold window metallization losses were assessed by combining numerical results with measured data obtained with an existing cryogenic waveguide resonator setup. The results showed …

Nb3Sn Coating Of Twin Axis Cavity For Accelerator Applications, Jayendrika K. Tiskumara, Subashini U. De Silva, Jean Delayen, U. Pudasaini, C. E. Reece, H. Park, G. Eremeev

Physics Faculty Publications

A Superconducting twin axis cavity consisting of two identical beam pipes that can accelerate and decelerate beams within the same structure has been proposed for the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) applications. There are two niobium twin axis cavities at JLab fabricated with the intention of later Nb₃Sn coating and now we are progressing to coat them using vapor diffusion method. Nb₃Sn is a potential alternate material for replacing Nb in SRF cavities for better performance and reducing operational costs. Because of advanced geometry, larger surface area, increased number of ports and hard to reach areas of the twin axis cavities, …

Short-Range Correlations And The Nuclear Emc Effect In Deuterium And Helium-3, E. P. Segarra, J. R. Pybus, F. Hauenstien, D. W. Higinbotham, G. A. Miller, E. Piasetzky, A. Schmidt, M. Strikman, L. B. Weinstein, O. Hen

Physics Faculty Publications

The EMC effect in deuterium and helium-3 is studied using a convolution formalism that allows isolating the impact of high-momentum nucleons in short-ranged correlated (SRC) pairs. We assume that the modification of the structure function of bound nucleons is given by a universal (i.e., nucleus independent) function of their virtuality, and find that the effect of such modifications is dominated by nucleons in SRC pairs. This SRC-dominance of nucleon modifications is observed despite the fact that the bulk of the nuclear inelastic scattering cross-section comes from interacting with low-momentum nucleons. These conclusions are found to be robust to model details …

The Concept And Applications Of A Dual Energy Storage Ring, Bhawin Dital, Andrew Hutton, Geoffrey Krafft, Fanglei Lin, Vasiliy Morozov, Yuhong Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

A dual energy electron storage ring configuration is initially proposed as an electron cooler to cool the ion beam in a collider. It consists of two energy loops, the electron beam in the high energy loop undergoes the synchrotron radiation damping to obtain the desired beam property and the beam in the low energy loop is for cooling of the ion beam. The two different energy loops are connected by an energy recovery linac. A lattice design of such a dual energy storage ring has been completed and beam stability conditions are established. We performed numerical simulations to demonstrate the …

Redesign Of The Jefferson Lab -300 Kv Dc Photo-Gun For High Bunch Charge Operations, S.A.K. Wijethunga, J. Benesch, Jean R. Delayen, C. Hernandez-Garcia, Geoffrey A. Krafft, Gabriel Palacios-Serrano, M.A. Mamun, M. Poelker, R. Suleiman

Physics Faculty Publications

Production of high bunch charge beams for the ElectronIon Collider (EIC) is a challenging task. High bunch charge (a few nC) electron beam studies at Jefferson Lab using an inverted insulator DC high voltage photo-gun showed evidence of space charge limitations starting at 0.3 nC, limiting the maximum delivered bunch charge to 0.7 nC for beam at -225 kV, 75 ps (FWHM) pulse width, and 1.64 mm (rms) laser spot size. The low extracted charge is due to the modest longitudinal electric field (Ez) at the photocathode leading to beam loss at the anode and downstream beam pipe. To reach …

Estimates Of Damped Equilibrium Energy Spread And Emittance In A Dual Energy Storage Ring, B. Dhital, Y. S. Derbenev, D. Douglas, A. Hutton, G. A. Krafft, F. Lin, V.S. Morozov, Y. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

A dual energy storage ring design consists of two loops at markedly different energies. As in a single-energy storage ring, the linear optics in the ring design may be used to determine the damped equilibrium emittance and energy spread. Because the individual radiation events in the two rings are different and independent, we can provide analytical estimates of the damping times in a dual energy storage ring. Using the damping times, the values of damped energy spread, and emittance can be determined for a range of parameters related to lattice design and rings energies. We present analytical calculations along with …

Renormalization And Mixing Of Staple-Shaped Wilson Line Operators On The Lattice Revisited, Yao Ji, Jian-Hui Zhang, Shuai Zhao, Ruilin Zhu

Physics Faculty Publications

Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions and wave functions (TMDPDFs/TMDWFs) can be extracted from lattice calculations of appropriate Euclidean matrix elements of staple-shaped Wilson line operators. We investigate the mixing pattern of such operators under lattice renormalization using symmetry considerations. We perform an analysis for operators with all Dirac structures, which reveals mixings that are not present in one-loop lattice perturbation theory calculations. We also present the relevant one-loop matching in a renormalization scheme that does not introduce extra nonperturbative effects at large distances, both for the TMDPDFs and for the TMDWFs. Our results have the potential to greatly facilitate numerical calculations …

Simulation For Cybersecurity: State Of The Art And Future Directions, Hamdi Kavak, Jose J. Padilla, Daniele Vernon-Bido, Saikou Y. Diallo, Ross Gore, Sachin Shetty

VMASC Publications

In this article, we provide an introduction to simulation for cybersecurity and focus on three themes: (1) an overview of the cybersecurity domain; (2) a summary of notable simulation research efforts for cybersecurity; and (3) a proposed way forward on how simulations could broaden cybersecurity efforts. The overview of cybersecurity provides readers with a foundational perspective of cybersecurity in the light of targets, threats, and preventive measures. The simulation research section details the current role that simulation plays in cybersecurity, which mainly falls on representative environment building; test, evaluate, and explore; training and exercises; risk analysis and assessment; and humans …

Internet-Of-Things Devices In Support Of The Development Of Echoic Skills Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Krzysztof J. Rechowicz, John B. Stull, Michelle M. Hascall, Saikou Y. Diallo, Kevin J. O'Brien

VMASC Publications

A significant therapeutic challenge for people with disabilities is the development of verbal and echoic skills. Digital voice assistants (DVAs), such as Amazon’s Alexa, provide networked intelligence to billions of Internet-of-Things devices and have the potential to offer opportunities to people, such as those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to advance these necessary skills. Voice interfaces can enable children with ASD to practice such skills at home; however, it remains unclear whether DVAs can be as proficient as therapists in recognizing utterances by a developing speaker. We developed an Alexa-based skill called ASPECT to measure how well the DVA …

Methods For Weighting Decisions To Assist Modelers And Decision Analysts: A Review Of Ratio Assignment And Approximate Techniques, Barry Ezell, Christopher J. Lynch, Patrick T. Hester

VMASC Publications

Computational models and simulations often involve representations of decision-making processes. Numerous methods exist for representing decision-making at varied resolution levels based on the objectives of the simulation and the desired level of fidelity for validation. Decision making relies on the type of decision and the criteria that is appropriate for making the decision; therefore, decision makers can reach unique decisions that meet their own needs given the same information. Accounting for personalized weighting scales can help to reflect a more realistic state for a modeled system. To this end, this article reviews and summarizes eight multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques …

Human Factors, Ergonomics And Industry 4.0 In The Oil & Gas Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis, Francesco Longo, Antonio Padovano, Lucia Gazzaneo, Jessica Frangella, Rafael Diaz

VMASC Publications

Over the last few years, the Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) discipline has significantly benefited from new human-centric engineered digital solutions of the 4.0 industrial age. Technologies are creating new socio-technical interactions between human and machine that minimize the risk of design-induced human errors and have largely contributed to remarkable improvements in terms of process safety, productivity, quality, and workers’ well-being. However, despite the Oil&Gas (O&G) sector is one of the most hazardous environments where human error can have severe consequences, Industry 4.0 aspects are still scarcely integrated with HF/E. This paper calls for a holistic understanding of the changing …

Criticality Based Optimal Cyber Defense Remediation In Energy Delivery Systems, Kamrul Hasan, Sachin Shetty, Md. Sharif Ullah, Amin Hassanzadeh, Tariqul Islam

VMASC Publications

A prioritized cyber defense remediation plan is critical for effective risk management in Energy Delivery System (EDS). Due to the complexity of EDS in terms of heterogeneous nature blending Information Technology (IT) and Operation Technology (OT) and Industrial Control System (ICS), scale and critical processes tasks, prioritized remediations should be applied gradually to protect critical assets. In this work, we propose a methodology for a prioritized cyber risk remediation plan by detecting and evaluating paths to critical nodes in EDS. We propose critical nodes characteristics evaluation based on nodes’ architectural positions, a measure of centrality based on nodes’ connectivity and …

Dynamical Downscaling Projections Of Late 21st Century U.S. Landfalling Hurricane Activity, Thomas R. Knutson, Joseph J. Sirutis, Morris A. Bender, Robert E. Tuleya

CCPO Publications

U.S. landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) activity was projected for late 21st century conditions using a two-step dynamical downscaling framework. A regional atmospheric model, run for 27 seasons, generated tropical storm cases. Each storm case was re-simulated (up to 15 days) using the higher resolution GFDL hurricane model. Thirteen CMIP3 or CMIP5 modeled climate change projections were explored as scenarios. Robustness of projections was assessed using statistical significance tests and comparing the sign of changes derived from different models. The proportion of TCs (tropical storms and hurricanes) making U.S. landfall increases for the warming scenarios (by order 50% or more). For …

Measurement Study Of Energy Impact On Blockchain Technologies: Cryptocurrency Mining, Qaylin Holliman

Cybersecurity: Deep Learning Driven Cybersecurity Research in a Multidisciplinary Environment

Blockchain technology facilitates the flow of information and the speed of information through a faster and more decentralized network. It has its advantages as compared to more centralized networks and legacy networks. With the evolution of mainstream technology, blockchains is predicted to be more effective and sufficient to consumers and commercial companies. In this paper, blockchains will be scaled to cryptocurrency mining, where cryptocurrencies utilize blockchain technology to record transactions and orders. Mining will also be examined through energy consumption, the algorithms behind some cryptocurrencies, their sustainability issue, and resolutions to combat high energy consumption. While the pace of energy …

Variation In Coral Thermotolerance Across A Pollution Gradient Erodes As Coral Symbionts Shift To More Heat-Tolerant Genera, Melissa S. Naugle, Thomas A. Oliver, Daniel J. Barshis, Ruth D. Gates, Cheryl A. Logan

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Phenotypic plasticity is one mechanism whereby species may cope with stressful environmental changes associated with climate change. Reef building corals present a good model for studying phenotypic plasticity because they have experienced rapid climate-driven declines in recent decades (within a single generation of many corals), often with differential survival among individuals during heat stress. Underlying differences in thermotolerance may be driven by differences in baseline levels of environmental stress, including pollution stress. To examine this possibility, acute heat stress experiments were conducted on Acropora hyacinthus from 10 sites around Tutuila, American Samoa with differing nutrient pollution impact. A threshold-based heat …

Fast And Pervasive Transcriptomic Resilience And Acclimation Of Extremely Heat-Tolerant Coral Holobionts From The Northern Red Sea, Romain Savary, Daniel J. Barshis, Christian R. Voolstra, Anny Cárdenas, Nicolas R. Evensen, Guilhem Banc-Prandi, Maoz Fine, Anders Meiborn

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Corals from the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba exhibit extreme thermal tolerance. To examine the underlying gene expression dynamics, we exposed Stylophora pistillata from the Gulf of Aqaba to short-term (hours) and long-term (weeks) heat stress with peak seawater temperatures ranging from their maximum monthly mean of 27 °C (baseline) to 29.5 °C, 32 °C, and 34.5 °C. Corals were sampled at the end of the heat stress as well as after a recovery period at baseline temperature. Changes in coral host and symbiotic algal gene expression were determined via RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Shifts in coral microbiome composition were …

Triple Oxygen Isotope Measurements (Δ'17O) Of Body Water Reflect Water Intake, Metabolism, And Δ18O Of Ingested Water In Passerines, Pablo Sabat, Seth D. Newsome, Stephanie Pinochet, Roberto Nespolo, Juan Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez, Karen Maldonado, Alexander R. Gerson, Zachary D. Sharp, John P. Whiteman

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Understanding physiological traits and ecological conditions that influence a species reliance on metabolic water is critical to creating accurate physiological models that can assess their ability to adapt to environmental perturbations (e.g., drought) that impact water availability. However, relatively few studies have examined variation in the sources of water animals use to maintain water balance, and even fewer have focused on the role of metabolic water. A key reason is methodological limitations. Here, we applied a new method that measures the triple oxygen isotopic composition of a single blood sample to estimate the contribution of metabolic water to the body …

Leverage Psychological Factors Associated With Lapses In Cybersecurity In Organizational Management, Chad Holm

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

With computers being a standard part of life now with the evolution of the internet, many aspects of our lives have changed, and new ways of thinking must come. One of the biggest challenges in most cyber security problems is not related to the software or the hardware; it is the people that are using the computers to access the data and communicate with others, where the hackers could simply find a weak entry point that naturally exists and a weak link caused by human hands. The human factor as an “insider threat” will affect unauthorized access, credentials stealing, and …

Deapsecure Computational Training For Cybersecurity Students: Improvements, Mid-Stage Evaluation, And Lessons Learned, Wirawan Purwanto, Yuming He, Jewel Ossom, Qiao Zhang, Liuwan Zhu, Karina Arcaute, Masha Sosonkina, Hongyi Wu

University Administration Publications

DeapSECURE is a non-degree computational training program that provides a solid high-performance computing (HPC) and big-data foundation for cybersecurity students. DeapSECURE consists of six modules covering a broad spectrum of topics such as HPC platforms, big-data analytics, machine learning, privacy-preserving methods, and parallel programming. In the second year of this program, to improve the learning experience, we implemented a number of changes, such as grouping modules into two broad categories, "big-data" and "HPC"; creating a single cybersecurity storyline across the modules; and introducing post-workshop (optional) "hackshops." Two major goals of these changes are, firstly, to effectively engage students to maintain …

Life In Hampton Roads Survey Press Release #7: Perceptions Of Flooding, Hurricane Evacuation, & Sheltering During Covid-19, Social Science Research Center, Old Dominion University

Life in Hampton Roads Survey Report

Life in Hampton Roads 2021 - Flooding, Hurricane Evacuation, & Sheltering During COVID-19

The changing climate and rising sea levels touch nearly every aspect of life in Hampton Roads, with some neighborhoods and communities experiencing it more acutely. But, overall, how persistent is recurrent flooding as perceived by Hampton Roads residents? This year’s survey finds that nearly 23% of respondents state that recurrent flooding is a problem in their neighborhood, a number broadly consistent with the responses seen since this question was first asked in 2013 when 23% of respondents also indicated that recurrent flooding was a problem in their …